Anterior Superior Iliac Spine. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine. head neck greater trochanter intertrochanteric line lesser trochanter

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1 Ilium Bones The Skeleton Ischium Pubis Sacro-iliac Joint Iliac Crest Anterior Superior Superior Pubic Ramus Anterior Inferior Acetabulum Obturator Foramen Ischio-pubic ramus Ischial tuberosity Pubic Crest Symphysis Pubis Sacrum Sacro-iliac Joint head neck greater trochanter intertrochanteric line lesser trochanter greater trochanter intertrochanteric crest lesser trochanter gluteal tuberosity Posterior Superior Posterior Inferior shaft pectineal line linea aspera Greater Sciatic Notch Ischial Spine Lesser Sciatic Notch Ischial Tuberosity adductor tubercle intercondyler fossa coccyx Obturator Foramen lateral epicondyle patellar surface medial epicondyle lateral condyle medial condyle

2 intercondylar eminence lateral condyle head of fibula medial condyle tibial tuberosity lateral condyle intercondylar eminence calcaneous talus medial condyle cuboid navicular tarsals tibial tuberosity shaft of fibula anterior crest metatarsals cuneiforms shaft of tibia lateral malleolus medial malleolus phalanges - proximal - middle - distal MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT Name: Iliopsoas MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT The following muscles cross ONLY the Hip joint - sides of lumbar vertebrae - anterior sacrum - inner ilium lesser trochanter outward/lateral rotation of hip (soccer) Name: Pectineus Pubic crest pectineal line of femur 'Deep Six' lateral rotators of the leg; Gemellus Superior and Inferior, Obturator Internus and Externus, Quadratus Femoris, Piriformis. sacrum posterior ischium obturator foramen greater trochantor

3 One of the Deep Six, the Piriformis muscle, is particularly important because of its tendency to cause sciatica pain. Sciatica pain starts in the lower back or the butt and often travels down the back or side of the leg or around the hip depending on the individual situation. Piriformis Syndrome is caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve where it exits the pelvis through the sciatic notch. If the Piriformis is tight and knotted then the nerve gets pinched between it and the hipbone. Often people will have one leg or the other that they tend to hitch up on. Some may sit for hours at a desk every day causing the entire pelvic girdle to be tight. Often truck drivers will get Piriformis Syndrome simply by driving long hours with a wallet in their hip pocket. By keeping the Piriformis and the Deep Six loose you can reduce the chance of lower back and sciatica pain and increase mobility. Name: Tensor Fasciae Latae anterior iliac crest iliotibia tract abduction Name: Gluteus Medius outer ilium greater trochantor abducts hip Name: Gluteus Minimus (deep to medius) outer ilium greater trochantor abducts hip Name: Gluteus Maximus posterior crest ilium sacrum coccyx lumbar fascia gluteal line iliotibial tract MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT The following muscles cross the Hip AND Knee joints Function lower fibre adduction

4 Name: Sartorius (Superficial) anterior superior iliac spine medial condyle of tibia (front) *crosses hip and knee flex leg (tailor muscle) QUADRICEPS 1. Rectus Femoris - ant infer iliac spine 2. Vastus Lateralis - lateral lip of linea aspera 3. Vastus Intermedius - anterior shaft of femur 4. Vastus Medialis - medial lip of linea aspera ALL attach at top of patella via the patella ligament to tibia tuberosity knee extension HAMSTRINGS Name: Biceps femoris 1. tuberosity of ischium 2. linea aspera lateral condyle of tibia head of fibula knee flexion rotates knee outward Name: Semitendinosus ischial tuberosity front of medial condyle of tibia flex knee Name: Semimembranosus ischial tuberosity posterior medial condyle of tibia flex knee Pes Anserine Group: Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius * all muscles insert on the front of the medial condyle of tibia

5 Name: Popliteus posterior lateral condyle of femur ADDUCTORS posterior tibia below medial condyle knee flexion medially rotates the tibia, unlocks the knee ADDUCTORS Name: Adductor Magnus ischiopubic ramus linea aspera adductor tubercle Name: Adductor Longus pubic crest linea aspera (middle) Name: Adductor brevis pubic crest (inferior) linea apsera (upper) inward rotates hip Name: Gracilis pubic ramus (descending) front of medial condyle flex knee

6 (We have already done this one) Name: Pectineus A summary of all the adductors pubic crest (ascending) pectineal line outward rotation flexes hip SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF LOWER LEG Name: Gastrocnemius posterior femoral condyles posterior calcaneus (Achilles or calcanealtendon) plantar flexion knee flexion Name: Soleus posterior upper tibia and fibula posterior calcaneus (achilles tendon) plantar flexion