Muscles of Mastication

Transcription

1 Muscles of Mastication Masseter Zygomatic Arch Mandibular angle Elevates mandible Mandibular ramus Temporalis Temporal fossa of the temporal bone Coronoid process of the mandible Elevates mandible Retracts mandible Sternocleidomastoid Manubrium of sternum Medial clavicle Muscles of the Neck Mastoid process of the temporal bone Flexes head Rotates head Scalenes anterior, middle, posterior Transverse the cervical vertebrae Anterior surface of ribs 1-2 Elevates ribs 1-2 Flexes neck Rotates neck Muscles of the Thoracic Wall Pectoralis minor Ribs 3-5 Coracoid process of Depresses the Downwardly rotates External intercostals Inferior border of ribs Superior border of ribs Elevates rib cage

2 Muscles of the Thoracic Wall Internal intercostals Superior border of Inferior border of ribs Depresses rib cage ribs Serratus anterior Ribs 1-8 Vertebral border of the Rotates inferior angle of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall External oblique Ribs 5-12 Linea alba Flexes vertebral Pubic crest Pubic tubercle Compresses Iliac crest abdominal wall Internal oblique Lumbar fascia Iliac crest Inguinal ligament Linea alba Pubic crest Flexes vertebral Compresses abdominal wall Rectus abdominis Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Xiphoid process Ribs 5-7 Flexes lumbar region of vertebral Rotates lumbar region of vertebral Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle Trapezius Occipital bone Spinous C7-T12 Lateral 1/3 of clavicle Spine of Acromion process of Elevates Depresses Rotates Adducts

3 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle Deltoid Lateral 1/3 of Deltoid tuberosity Abducts arm clavicle of the Flexes arm at Spine of shoulder Acromion process of Extends arm at shoulder Latissimus dorsi Spinous T7-T12 Ribs 9-12 Iliac crest Inferior angle of Intertubercular groove of the Extends arm at shoulder Adducts arm Pectoralis major Sternal end of the clavicle Ribs 1-6 Greater tubercle of Flexes arm at shoulder Adducts arm Muscles associated with the Scapula Levator (e) Transverse Vertebral border of Elevates C1-C4 the Downwardly rotates Rhomboid minor Spinous processes of C7-T1 Vertebral border of the Adducts Downwardly rotates Rhomboid major Spinous processes of T2-T5 Vertebral border of the Adducts Downwardly rotates

4 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of the Greater tubercle of the Abducts arm Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of the Greater tubercle of the Teres minor Lateral border of the Greater tubercle of Teres major Inferior angle of the Lesser tubercle of the Adducts arm Extends arm at shoulder Subris Subr fossa of the Lesser tubercle of the Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Arm Biceps brachii Long head Supraglenoid tubercle of the Radial tuberosity of the radius Flexes forearm at elbow Supinates forearm Short head Coracoid process of the

5 Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Arm Coronoid process of the ulna Brachialis Anterior Flexes forearm at elbow Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of the Medial Flexes arm at shoulder Adducts arm Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Arm Triceps brachii Long head Infraglenoid tubercle of the Olecranon process of the ulna Extends forearm at elbow Lateral head Posterior Medial head Posterior Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Forearm Pronator teres Medial epicondyle Lateral radius Pronates forearm of the Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of the 2 nd and 3 rd metacarpals Flexes hand at Abducts hand

6 Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Forearm Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle Palmar aponeurosis Flexes hand at of the Flexor carpi ulnaris Medial epicondyle of the Olecranon process of ulna Shaft of ulna Pisiform Hamate 5 th metacarpal Flexes hand at Adducts hand Flexor digitorum superficialis Medial epicondyle of the Coronoid process of ulna Shaft of radius Middle phalanges of 2 nd to 5 th digit Flexes hand at Flexes proximal joints Flexor digitorum profundus Ulna Distal phalanges of 2 nd to 5 th digit Flexes distal joints Flexor pollicis longus Anterior radius Distal phalanx of pollex Flexes 1 st joints

7 Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the Forearm Pronator quadratus Distal and anterior Distal and anterior Pronates forearm ulnar shaft radius Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Forearm Brachioradialis Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Styloid process of the radius Flexes forearm at elbow Stabilizes elbow during flexion and extension Extensor carpi radialis longus Lateral supracondylar ridge of the 2 nd metacarpal Extends hand at Abducts hand Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of the 3 rd metacarpal Extends hand at Abducts hand Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of the Distal phalanges of 2 nd to 5 th digit Extends distal joints Extends hand at

8 Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Forearm Extensor carpi ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of the 5 th metacarpal Extends hand at Adducts hand Posterior ulna Supinator Lateral epicondyle of the Proximal ulna Proximal end of radius Supinates forearm Abductor pollicis longus Posterior radius Posterior ulna Interosseus Trapezium 1 st metacarpal Abducts pollex Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior radius Posterior ulna Interosseus Proximal phalanx of pollex Extends 1 st metacarpalphalangeal joint Extensor pollicis longus Posterior radius Posterior ulna Interosseus Distal phalanx of pollex Extends 1 st joint

9 Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the Forearm Distal phalanx of 2 nd digit Extensor indicis Posterior ulna Interosseus Extends 2 nd distal joint Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of Distal phalanx of 5 th digit Extends 5 th distal joint Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Abductor pollicis brevis Scaphoid Proximal phalanx of Abducts pollex Trapezium pollex Flexor retinaculum Opponens pollicis Trapezium Flexor retinaculum 1 st metacarpal Opposes pollex Flexor pollicis brevis Trapezium Flexor retinaculum Proximal phalanx of pollex Flexes 1 st metacarpalphalangeal joint Adductor pollicis Capitate 2 nd - 4 th metacarpals Proximal phalanx of pollex Adducts pollex Opposes pollex

10 Muscles associated with the Anterior compartment of the Thigh Lesser trochanter of the Iliopsoas Iliac fossa Ala of the sacrum Transverse T12-L5 Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Flexes thigh at hip Flexes vertebral Medial tibia Flexes thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine All four: Extends leg at knee Flexes thigh at hip Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter of the Intertrochanteric line Linea aspera of Vastus medialis Linea aspera of Intertrochanteric line Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament Extends leg at knee Stabilizes knee Extends leg at knee Stabilizes patella Vastus intermedius Shaft of the Extends leg at knee Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis Linea aspera of Adducts thigh Flexes thigh at hip

11 Muscles associated with the Anterior compartment of the Thigh Tensor fascia latae Anterior superior Iliotibial tract Flexes thigh at hip iliac spine Abducts thigh Iliac crest Muscles associated with the Medial compartment of the Thigh Gracilis Inferior ramus of Medial surface of Adducts thigh pubis tibia Flexes leg at knee Body of the pubis Rotates leg Adductor longus Pubis near pubic symphysis Linea aspera of Adducts thigh Flexes thigh at hip Adductor brevis Inferior ramus of pubis Body of the pubis Linea aspera of Adducts thigh Adductor magnus Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial ramus Ischial tuberosity Linea aspera of Adducts thigh Flexes thigh at hip Muscles associated with the Gluteal region and Posterior compartment of the Thigh Iliotibial tract Gluteal tuberosity of Gluteus maximus Posterior ilium Sacrum Coccyx Extends thigh at hip Abducts thigh

12 Muscles associated with the Gluteal region and Posterior compartment of the Thigh Greater trochanter of Gluteus medius Lateral surface of ilium Abducts thigh Gluteus minimis Lateral surface of ilium Greater trochanter of Abducts thigh Biceps femoris Long head Ischial tuberosity Head of fibula Lateral condyle of tibia Extends thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg Short head Linea aspera Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial tibia Extends thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Extends thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg Piriformis Lateral surface of sacrum Greater trochanter of when hip is extended Quadratus femoris Ischial tuberosity Intertrochanteric crest of the Stabilizes hip

13 Muscles associated with the Anterior compartment of the Leg Tibialis anterior Lateral condyle of tibia Medial cuneiform 1 st metatarsal Dorsiflexes foot at ankle Inverts foot Extensor hallucis longus Anterior fibula Distal phalanx of hallux Dorsiflexes foot at ankle Extends 1 st joint Extensor digitorum longus Lateral condyle of tibia Proximal fibula Middle and distal phalanges of 2 nd -5 th digits Extends 2 nd -5 th distal joints Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Anterior fibula 5 th metatarsal Dorsiflexes foot at ankle Everts foot Fibularis (peroneus) longus Muscles associated with the Lateral compartment of the Leg Head of fibula Medial cuneiform 1 st metatarsal Plantar flexes foot at ankle Everts foot Fibularis (peroneus) brevis Distal fibula 5th metatarsal Plantar flexes foot at ankle Everts foot

14 Muscles associated with the Posterior compartment of the Leg Gastrocnemius Lateral condyle of Calcaneus Plantar flexes foot at ankle Medial condyle of Soleus Proximal tibia Proximal fibula Calcaneus Plantar flexes foot at ankle Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibia Distal phalanges of 2 nd -5 th digits Plantar flexes foot at ankle Inverts foot Flexes 2 nd -5 th distal joints Flexor hallucis longus Middle shaft of fibula Distal phalanx of hallux Plantar flexes foot at ankle Inverts foot Flexes all joints of hallux Tibialis posterior Proximal tibia Proximal fibula Navicular bone 2nd-4 th metatarsals Plantar flexes foot at ankle Inverts foot

15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Back Erector spinae (group) Iliocostalis Iliac crest Ribs 3-12 Inferior border of ribs Transverse C4-C6 Extends vertebral Laterally flexes vertebral Longissimus Transverse C4-L5 Mastoid process of temporal bone Extends vertebral Laterally flexes vertebral Spinalis Spinous T7-L3 Spinous C4-T6 Extends vertebral Splenius capitis Spinous C6-T7 Mastoid process of temporal bone Occipital bone Extends or hyperextends vertebral Semispinalis capitis Transverse C7-T12 Occipital bone Extends vertebral