General Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Transcription

1 General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Do Now Why does food have to be digested before cells can use it? What are the typical four layers of the digestive tract wall? What is the name of the large serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs it contains?

2 General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Pop Quiz Which of the following is the correct order from the outermost to innermost layer? A) Submucosa, serous membrane, smooth muscle, mucous membrane B) Smooth muscle, serous membrane, mucous membrane, submucosa C) Serous membrane, smooth muscle, submucosa, mucosa D) Mucous membrane, submucosa, smooth muscle, serous membrane

3 General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Pop Quiz Answer Which of the following is the correct order from the outermost to innermost layer? A) Submucosa, serous membrane, smooth muscle, mucous membrane B) Smooth muscle, serous membrane, mucous membrane, submucosa C) Serous membrane, smooth muscle, submucosa, mucosa D) Mucous membrane, submucosa, smooth muscle, serous membrane

4 Organs of the Digestive Tract Learning Outcomes 4. Name and locate the different types of teeth. 5. Name and describe the functions of the digestive tract organs.

5 Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

6 Figure 19-3 The digestive system. Which accessory organs of digestion secrete into the mouth?

7 The Mouth Also called oral cavity, processes food by Ingestion Mastication Mixing with saliva Deglutition

8 Figure 19-4 The mouth.

9 The Teeth Types of teeth Incisors Cuspids Premolars Molars Sets of teeth Deciduous Permanent

10 Figure 19-5 A molar tooth. What is the common name for the gingiva?

11 The Pharynx Also called the throat Divisions Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

12 The Esophagus Muscular tube No digestion occurs here Passes through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm to join stomach

13 The Stomach Structure Fundus Body Pylorus Sphincters Esophageal Pyloric Rugae

14 Figure 19-6 Longitudinal section of the stomach. Which additional muscle layer is in the wall of the stomach that is not found in the rest of the digestive tract?

15 The Stomach Functions Storage of food Secretion of gastric juice Hydrochloric acid prepares proteins for digestion Pepsin digests proteins Delivery of chyme to small intestine via peristalsis

16 The Small Intestine Divisions Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Functions Enzymatic digestion of proteins and carbohydrates Absorption of nutrients Delivery of chyme to large intestine (segmentation)

17 Figure 19-7 The intestines. Which portions of the small and large intestines join at the ileocecal valve?

18 The Small Intestine Role of villi in small intestine Structure Microvilli Function Increase surface area for digestion and absorption

19 Divisions of the Large Intestine Cecum Ileocecal valve Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus

20 Functions of the Large Intestine Secrete mucus Reabsorb some water Form feces (stool) Defecation

21 Exit Ticket How many baby teeth are there and what is the scientific name for the baby teeth? What type of food is digested in the stomach? What are the three divisions of the small intestine? How does the small intestine function in the digestive process? What are the divisions of the large intestine? What are the functions of the large intestine?

22 Pop Quiz 19.2 Which organ receives food flowing through the pyloric sphincter? A) Stomach B) Jejunum C) Duodenum D) Esophagus

23 Pop Quiz Answer 19.2 Which organ receives food flowing through the pyloric sphincter? A) Stomach B) Jejunum C) Duodenum D) Esophagus