Discovering!!!!! Swedish ÅÄÖ. EPISODE 2 En and E' and Nouns. Misi.se

Transcription

1 Discovering!!!!! ÅÄÖ EPISODE 2 En and E' and Nouns Misi.se

2 Dialogue Anna: José: Anna: José: Kommer Johanna snart? Jag tror det. I Sverige är alla punktliga. Hon åker tåg. Tåget är kanske försenat.* Åh! Ja, kanske det. I Sverige är tåget alled försenat. Anna: José: Anna: José: Notes: Is Johanna coming soon? I think so. In Sweden everyone is punctual. She s taking the train. Maybe the train has been delayed? Oh! Yes, maybe. In Sweden the train is always delayed. * It is also possible to place är aoer kanske : Tåget kanske är försenat. Misi.se

3 Key vocabulary snart tro åka punktlig (es) tåg kanske försenat i Ed alled alla (en) staeon (en) perrong (en) tågbiljes soon believe/think e.g. I think she is coming soon. travel by e.g. to travel by train punctual train maybe delayed on Eme always everyone staeon plauorm train Ecket Key sentences Från vilken perrong avgår tåget? Är tåget försenat? From which plauorm does the train depart? Has the train been delayed? Tåget är i Ed. The train is on Eme. Misi.se

4 Grammar Explanations Noun gender nouns can have one of two genders: common gender (en- noun) and neuter (es- noun). There used to be more, so if you have a book from the 1990 s or earlier that meneons three different genders, that is because the change is quite recent. Just like in, there are two indefinite arecles. In they are a and an, and which one you use depends on the inieal sound of the word following aoer the arecle. In there is no such clear- cut rule. Instead, whether you use en or es depends on the gender of the noun. Unfortunately, you cannot determine the noun gender from just looking at the word; you will have to memorize it individually for each noun you learn. Singular & Plural The plural is formed by asaching different suffixes to the noun stem. Their are five common plural endings (declensions), and it is not always possible to tell which one is right simply by looking at the word. Some rules do exist, however. Common gender (en) nouns ending in a : Remove the a and add - or, e.g. penna (pen) - > pennor (pens) Common gender nouns ending in other le'ers than a : Add - ar or - er, e.g. hund (dog) - > hundar (dogs) gardin (curtain) - > gardiner (curtains) Unfortunately, there are no clear rules on when - ar should be used and when - er should be used. Neuter nouns ending in a vowel: Simply add - n, e.g. äpple (apple) - > äpplen (apples) Neuter nouns ending in a consonant: These are zero- plurals, meaning that they remain unchanged in the plural. Irregular plural: Naturally, there are also some irregular nouns that do not abide to any of the above meneoned pluralizaeon rules. Definite and indefinite The determiners en and es can be either parecles, in which case they are placed before the noun to act as indefinite arecles similar to the a and an, or they can be suffixes, in which case they are asached to the end of the noun and do the same job as the definite parecle the in. Misi.se

5 Indefinite arhcles The indefinite arecles serve the same funceon as a/an in. They are easy to use, as long as you know what gender a nouns is. Simply place en before a common noun, and es before a neuter. Example: En- noun (common) ES- noun (neuter) Sing. A car A train En bil E' tåg Definite suffixes When en and es are used as suffixes asached to the end of the noun, they take on slightly different forms depending on whether the noun they are asached to is in the plural or the singular: Common (en) noun, singular: Add - en or - n, e.g. sko (shoe) - > skon (the shoe) bil (car) - > bilen (the car) Neuter (e') noun, singular: Add - et or - t, e.g. äpple (apple) - > äpplet (the apple) hus (house) - > huset (the house) Common (en) and neuter (e') nouns, plural: Add - na, - a or - en to the end of the pluralized noun. Which suffix you use, depends on the plural ending (declension): pennor + na hundar + na gardiner + na äpplen + a zero plurals + en GeniHve The genieve in if formed by adding - s at the end of the noun. The genieve s always comes at the end, aoer definite/indefinite and plural infleceons. Example: Hundarnas (The dogs ) Dog Hund ar na s Noun stem + (plural inflec=on) + (definite inflec=on) + geni=ve s Singular Plural Indef. A dog s food Dogs food En hunds mat Hundars mat Def. The dog s food The Dogs food Hundens mat Hundarnas mat Misi.se

6 V + N/ProN + N? As meneoned in the last episode, making a statement into a queseon is someemes a simple maser of just moving the verb in front of the subject and adding a queseon mark at the end. Example: (the subject has been underlined) Am named I MarHn? (Am I MarHn?) Heter jag MarHn? Verb ProN. Noun Eats the dog the food? (Does the dog eat the food?) Äter hunden maten? Verb Noun Noun N/ProN. + V + kanske + N/ProN. In this episode, we introduced the word kanske (maybe/perhaps). You can easily create sentences with kanske using this sentence structure: Noun or Pronoun + Verb + kanske + Noun or Pronoun. Example: You are named maybe MarHn (Maybe you are MarHn) Du heter kanske MarHn. ProN. Verb Adv. Noun The dog eats perhaps the food (Perhaps the dog eats the food) Hunden äter kanske maten. Noun Verb Adv. Noun Reading the Vocab. Lists Noun Vocabulary Lists We re preseneng three noun vocabulary lists with this episode. Here is how you read the items on the lists: plural noun ending noun (dict. form) (en) advokat (- en, - er) (a) lawyer gender (en/es) definite noun ending In some cases, the definite and plural noun endings replace lesers in the diceonary form of the noun, instead of being asached to the end. Whenever this happens, the word stem has been marked: diceonary form ending (en) report er (- ern, - rar) word stem plural noun ending (asaches to the word stem) (a) reporter definite noun ending (asaches to the word stem) - ø signifies no infleceonal change. Hus (house), for instance, is a zero- plural, which means that its singular and plural forms are idenecal. In the vocabulary list, it is listed as: (es) hus (- et, - ø), with the - ø telling us that there is no change in the plural. Misi.se

7 Noun Vocabulary List: Professions (en) advokat (- en, - er) (ej) affärsbiträde (- t, - n) (en) bibliotekarie (- n, - r) (en) brandman (- en, brandmän) (en) doktor (- n, - er) (en) elev (- en, - er) (en) hjält e (- en, - ar) (en) ingenjör (- en, - er) (en) kock (- en, - ar) (en) lärare (- n, - ø) (en) polis (- en, - er) (en) polihker (- n, - ø) (en) report er (- ern, - rar) (en) servitör (- en, - er) (en) sjukskötersk a (- an, - or) (en) student (- en, - er) (en) tandläkare (- en, - ø) (en) tjuv (- en, - ar) (a) lawyer (a) shop clerk (a) librarian (a) firefighter (a) doctor (a) pupil, student (a) hero (an) engineer (a) cook, chef (a) teacher (a) police officer (a) poli=cian (a) reporter, i.e. for a news paper or tv show. (a) waiter (a) nurse (a) student (at University) (a) den=st (a) thief Noun Vocabulary List: In the City (en) affär (- en, - er) sko affär bok affär (ej) apotek (- et, - ø) (en) bank (- en, - er) (ej) bibliotek (- et, - ø) (en) biograf (- en, - er) [Usage note: In casual speech oxen referred to simply as 'bio' (- n). The short form version does not have a plural form and can therefore not be used when referring to more than one 'bio'. (a) 1. store, shop shoe store bookstore 2. business deal 3. [roman=c] affair (a) chemist s (AmE. drugstore) (a) bank (a) library (a) cinema, the movies Misi.se

8 (en) buhk (- en, - er) (ej) fik (- et, - ø) also café/kafe (- et, - er) (en) klubb (- en, - ar) naj klubb fotbolls klubb idrojs klubb (ej) konserthus (- et, - ø) (ej) muse um (- et, - er) (ej) operahus (- et, - ø) [Usage note: In casual speech, the Gothenburg opera house is commonly referred to simply as 'operan'] (en) park (- en, - er) (ej) postkontor (- et, - ø) (en) restaurang (- en, - er) (ej) sjukhus (- et, - en) (en) skol a (- an, - or) systembolaget [Usage note. In casual speech, commonly 'systemet'] (en) teat er (- ern, - rar) (ej) torg (- et, - ø) (a) store, shop [Usage note: Usually a small or middle- sized local store or shop carrying a defined assortment of wares, e.g. corner store] (a) café (a) club nightclub football club sports club (a) concert hall (a) museum (a) opera house (a) park (a) post office (a) restaurant (a) hospital (a) school name of the government- approved stores selling alcohol. In Sweden, this is the only place allowed to sell alcohol. (a) theatre (a) square Noun Vocabulary List: TransportaHon & Travel bensin (- en) [Usage note: Does not have a plural form. To quan=fy, use the a measurement quan=fier like 'liter' (litre).] (en) bil (- en, - ar) (en) buss (- en, - ar) (en) by (- n, - ar) (en) cyk el (- eln, - lar) (en) färj a (- an, - or) (en) flygbuss (- en, - ar) (en) flygplats (- en, - er) (en) hållplats (- en, - er) buss hållplats spårvagns hållplats (a) car (a) bus petrol (AmE. gas) (a) village (a) bicycle (a) ferry (an) airport bus (an) airport (a) stop bus stop tram stop Misi.se

9 (en) hamn (- en, - ar) (ej) hav (- et, - en) (ej) hotel (- et, - len) (ej) hotelrum (- et, - ø) (en) matsal (- en, - ar) (ej) pendeltåg (- et, - ø) (en) perrong (- en, - ar) (en) recephon (- en, - er) hotel recep=on (en) sjö (- n, - ar) (en) spårvagn (- en, - ar) (en) stad (- en, städer) (en) stahon (- en, - er) tåg sta=on polis sta=on (ej) tåg (- et, - ø) (en) taxi (- n, see note) [Usage note: To for the plural, ajach the plural form av 'bil' (car) at the end, i.e. taxi bilar. This can also be done in the singular using the singular form of 'bil' (car).] (en) terminal (- en, - er) Älvsnabben (a) harbour (a) sea (a) hotel (a) hotel room (a) dining area (a) commuter train (a) plaeorm (at a train sta=on) (a) recep=on area hotel recep=on (a) lake (a) tram (a) city, town (a) sta=on train sta=on police sta=on (a) train (a) taxi (a) terminal (e.g. at an airport) Name of a small ferry service that goes between the island Hisingen and mainland Gothenburg. Misi.se