SNC 2P Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Review

Transcription

1 SNC 2P Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Review 1. State the three points of the cell theory. 2. Draw a diagram of the cell hierarchy. Explain your diagram. 3. State seven characteristics of living things. 4. State three reasons why cells divide. 5. Explain what a biopsy is and how it can be used to diagnose cancer. 6. State the four components of blood and the function of each.

2 7. Label the following animal cell. 8. Match the cell organelle to its function. Double layered structure covering entire cell that controls the a) Chromosomes movement of materials in and out of the cell. An organelle involved in packaging proteins and producing lysosomes. b) Nucleus Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system. c) Cell Membrane A thick, rigid layer surrounding cell membrane, protects and supports d) Cell Wall plant cells. Controls and directs all of the cell s activities. e) Mitochondria A fluid-filled sac storing food and water for the cell. f) Lysosome Sac like structure full of digestive enzymes g) Vacuole A jelly-like fluid giving the cell shape and stores wastes. h) Ribosome Contains green pigment which helps the plant make its own food through photosynthesis. i) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system. Covered in ribosomes. j) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Tiny spheres in the cytoplasm or on endoplasmic reticulum. k) Cytoplasm Provides the cell with energy (ATP) through respiration. l) Chloroplast Long, twisted strands of DNA in the nucleus. m) Golgi Apparatus Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm. n) Nuclear Membrane 9. Write the six phases of the cell cycle in order. (Be familiar with what each stage looks like) 10. State which phase of the cell cycle (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase or cytokinesis) each of the following is happening in: The chromatids separate. The membrane around the nucleus dissolves. The cytoplasm divides. The chromosomes thicken and become visible. The chromosomes replicate. A new membrane begins to form around the nucleus at each end of the cell. The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. There are two daughter cells. The first phase of mitosis. The cell grows.

3 11. Fill in the missing information in the table about specialized cells. Cell Name White Blood Cell Function Contains hemoglobin that carries oxygen in the blood Muscle Cells Fat Cells Fit tightly together to reduce water loss Sperm Cell Collect calcium to allow growth and repair of the body s skeleton Photosynthetic cell Conduct electrical impulses to coordinate body activities 12. Fill in the following table based on the four types of tissues. Tissue Description Function Examples epithelial nerve connective 13. What is cancer?

4 14. Fill in the missing information in the following table Organ Organ system it is part of Function Liver Produces bile to digest fats (chemical digestion) Pancreas Digestive Lungs Respiratory Heart Esophagus Digestive Muscular organ that pumps forcing blood throughout the body Trachea Alveoli Connect mouth to lungs Arteries Veins Capillaries Circulatory Bring blood TO the heart Small Intestine Digestive Large Intestine Spinal Cord Absorb water from food/fluid into body Brain Nervous Salivary glands Produce saliva to breakdown food (chemical digestion) and to help move food through the digestive system 15. State the function of each of the organ systems covered (respiratory, circulatory, digestive, nervous, reproductive). 16. State five ways to help prevent diseases.

5 17. State the organ system of each diagram and label it. Organ System: Organ System: Organ System: Organ System: 18. Compare an X-ray, CT Scan, MRI and Ultrasound. 19. What is a vaccine?

6 20. Explain each the following: a. How the respiratory and circulatory system work together b. How the circulatory system and digestive system work together c. The process of gas exchange 21. Pick a disease studied in class and: a. state the organ system involved b. how it affects the organ system c. the cause d. how to prevent it 22. Explain the difference between the following: a. A tissue stem cell and an embryonic stem cell b. Asexual and sexual reproduction c. Benign and malignant tumour d. Osmosis and diffusion e. Disease and infection f. Pandemic and epidemic g. Chemical and mechanical digestion