Australian Islamic College. Holiday homework. Biological science Term Natural building blocks cells. Yr. 8

Transcription

1 Australian Islamic College Holiday homework Biological science Term Natural building blocks cells Yr. 8

2 Assessment type: extended response Conditions Period allowed for completion of the task: term 4 holidays Task weighting: 10% Cells Cells are the basic building blocks of all animals and plants. They are so small, you need to use a light microscope to see them. Animal cells and plant cells Animal cells usually have an irregular shape, and plant cells usually have a regular shape. Cells are made up of different parts. Animal cells and plant cells both contain: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Plant cells also contain these parts, which are not found in animal cells: Cell wall Vacuoles Chloroplasts 1

3 It is easier to describe these parts by using diagrams: The table summarises the functions of these parts: Cells and their functions Humans are multicellular. That means we are made of lots of cells, not just one cell. The cells in many multicellular animals and plants are specialised, so that they can share out the processes of life. They work together like a team to support the different processes in an organism. 2

4 Specialised cells The diagrams show examples of some specialised animal cells. Notice that they look very different from one another. 3

5 The tables show examples of some specialised animal and plant cells, with their functions and special features: 4

6 Cells, tissues, organs and systems Multicellular organisms are organised into increasingly complex parts. In order, from least complex to most complex: cells tissues organs organ systems organism Tissues Animal cells and plant cells can form tissues, such as muscle tissue in animals. A living tissue is made from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of tissues: muscle the lining of the intestine the lining of the lungs xylem (tubes that carry water in a plant) Organs An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of organs: heart lung stomach brain leaf root Organ systems An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of organ systems: circulatory system respiratory system digestive system nervous system reproductive system 5

7 Section A: Short answer questions: (28 marks) Read the above passage carefully and answer the following questions: 1) Name the basic building blocks of all plants and animals. (1 mark) 2) Explain what are cell organelles? Name four main organelles found in the animal cell (3 marks) 3) Outline two differences between an animal and a plant cell. (2 marks) 4) Complete the following sentences: (5 marks) a. is part of the cell is found in both plant and animal and it is a jelly like substance where all the chemical reactions take place. b. is the main part of the cell that controls what happens inside the cell and carries all the genetic material. c. allows only selective material to enter and exit the cell. d. Respiration, which provides energy to all the cells occurs in e. is only found in plant cell and provides support to the cell. 6

8 5) Label the animal cell below. (4 marks) 6) Explain the purpose of specialised cells in the human body. Name any two specialised cell in the human body. (2 marks) 7) Name the specialised reproductive cells found in the body of: (1 mark) a. Men b. Women 7

9 8) Name the part of the plant that has the most chloroplasts. Explain why this part has the most chloroplasts. (2 marks) 9) Examine the nerve cell below and outline three special features of this cell. (3 mark) 10) Name the only cell found in the human body that does not have nucleus. What is the purpose of this cell in the human body? (2 marks) 8

10 11) Classify the following as tissues, organs or organ system. (3 marks) Item Classification Xylem tubes that carry water in the plant Heart Digestive system Lung Lining of lungs Respiratory system 12) Complete the table below with accurate information. One row has been done for you. (5 marks) System name Main organ/s Main function Skeletal system Bones or skeleton Support or framework Circulatory system Digestive system Respiratory system Nervous system Reproductive system 9

11 Marking key Criteria Max marks 1) Building blocks of plants and animals 1 Marks obtained 2) Explain organelles and Name 4 animal cell organelles 1 2 3) Two differences between plant and animal 1 1 4) Fill in the blanks 5 5) Labelling of animal cell 4 6) Specialised cell and Examples 1 1 7) Male and female reproductive cells 1 8) Chloroplasts 2 9) Nerve cells and features 3 10) Specialised cell and purpose 2 11) Classification 3 12) System and functions 5 TOTAL 33 Weighting 10% Teacher comments: 10