1. 01/20/15 Ch 8: Muscular System /09/15 Ch 9: Nervous System 16

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1 Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 1. 01/20/15 Ch 8: Muscular System /09/15 Ch 9: Nervous System 16 i 1

2 Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Ch 9 Nervous System.notebook 02/09/15 Ch. 9 Nervous System 16 distinguish between the 2 types of cells that comprise the nervous tissue in order to describe how nervous system functions. Structure of System Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerves leading to/from CNS and body General Functions of Nervous System Sensory Receive information at end of peripheral nerves, gather the information, and convert it to nerve impulses--send to brain or spinal cord Integrative Sensory impulses "perceived" in the brain Motor Decisions (conscious ( somatic)or subconscious (autonomic)) in CNS lead to impulse down an effector, causing a change autonomic division is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems 2 Cell Types Neuron Transmits impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons Neuroglia Fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis Only Schwann cells are in the PNS, rest in CNS (Insert Handout: Nervous Tissue Cell Types) 2

3 02/10/15 Ch. 9 Nervous System 33 describe the actions that lead to a nerve impulse, and how information is passed from one neuron to another. Lab Side of Notebook Go to the following website: animations/actionpotential_short.swf (Insert handout on Action Potentials) (Insert handouts: ABC DVD: Synaptic Transmission and Action Potential) 3

4 02/10/15 Ch. 9 Nervous System 26 The nervous system provides 3 general functions: sensory, integrative, and motor. What are two types of motor functions in the PNS? What is the relationship between myelin and the white and gray matter of the brain? Based on the reading last night, which type of neuroglial cell did I NOT mention in class yesterday? What is its function? Most capillaries in the body are "leaky", allowing small molecules to enter and leave the bloodstream. This is not the case in the CNS. What is this specialized architecture called? What benefits does this provide the CNS? What could be a detriment to having this? For years and years we taught that nervous tissue could not regenerate. How is this statement both true and false? (insert handout: functional classification of neurons) 4

5 02/27/13 Ch. 9 Nervous System 26 distinguish between the 2 types of cells that comprise the nervous tissue and describe the structures of both. (Insert handout: Organization of the Nervous System) Complete Practice Questions 1-13, pp

6 02/28/13 Ch. 9 Nervous System 33 describe the actions that lead to a nerve impulse, and how information is passed from one neuron to another. (Insert handout: Synapse) (Insert handouts: ABC DVD: Synaptic Transmission and Action Potential) 6

7 02/12/15 Ch. 9: Nervous System 23 Objective: Students will be able to describe the actions that lead to a nerve impulse, and how information is passed from one neuron to another. Nervous System Summary: Action Potential Propagation Resting Potential (+ outside, - inside) Threshold stimulus received Sodium channels open, sodium enters cell--depolarizing the membrane Potassium channels open--repolarizing the membrane Together, these cause an action potential that triggers the part of the membrane next to it, all the way across the membrane (local bioelectric current) A wave of action potentials travels down the axon=nerve Impulse The Synapse Action potential passes along an axon over synaptic knob. Synaptic knob membrane becomes permeable to calcium With calcium, synaptic vesicles fuse to synaptic knob membrane Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft-- either excitatory or inhibitory Synaptic vesicles reenter cytoplasm of axon and pick up more neurotransmitter 7