Introduction-UNIT OBJECTIVES. Cytology-UNIT OBJECTIVES. Histology-UNIT OBJECTIVES. After completing this unit, you should be able to:

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1 Introduction-UNIT OBJECTIVES Distinguish between anatomy and physiology Describe the location of the major body cavities List the organs located in each of the body cavities Name the major systems of the body List the organs associated with each system Describe the general functions of each system Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions Demonstrate the directional and regional terms Name and describe the structural levels of living things Cytology-UNIT OBJECTIVES Describe the general characteristics of a cell List the major organelles of a cell Describe the structure and function of each organelle Explain how substances move through the cell membrane Describe the life cycle of a cell and explain how a cell reproduces State the meanings of the prefixes, suffixes, and root words of this unit Histology-UNIT OBJECTIVES Name the four basic tissues, and cite one example of each Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissues Name the major types of epithelium and identify an organ in which each is found Describe the general characteristics and functions of connective tissues List the major types of connective tissues that occur within the body Distinguish between the three types of muscle tissue Describe the general characteristics and functions of nerve tissue Distinguish all types of tissues and their characteristics from a slide

2 Skeletal-UNIT OBJECTIVES List the functions of the skeleton Describe the general structure of a bone and list the functions of its parts List and define the major kinds of bones in the human skeleton Name and describe the general types of fractures Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons and name the major parts of each Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that comprise the skull, arms, legs, pectoral and pelvic girdles List the major types of joints, describe their characteristics and give an example of each Distinguish between the various types of body movements, giving examples of each Discuss the various diseases and/or conditions associated with the skeletal system State the meanings of the prefixes, suffixes, and root words of this unit Muscular-UNIT OBJECTIVES Name the major differences between the three types of muscles Name the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber and describe the function of each part Explain the functions of myosin and actin in the muscle contraction Explain how oxygen debt develops and how a muscle may become fatigued Explain what is meant when muscles are called prime movers, antagonists, or synergists Describe the types of movements that occur at freely movable joints Identify and describe the location of the major skeletal muscles of each body region Identify muscular diseases, causes and symptoms State the meanings of the prefixes, suffixes and root words of this unit

3 Nervous-UNIT OBJECTIVES Describe the general structure of a neuron Name four types of neurological cells and describe the functions of each Name the divisions of the nervous system Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another Name the parts of a reflex arc and describe the function of each Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord Describe the structure of the spinal cord and its major functions Name the major parts of the brain and describe the functions of each Name the cranial nerves and list their major functions Name and describe five kinds of receptors Describe the anatomy of the various special senses, including how we smell and taste Name and describe the functions of the parts of the ear, explaining how equilibrium is maintained Name and describe the functions of the parts of the eye Perform various tests of the eye Identify nervous/sense disease, causes and symptoms Give the meanings for the prefixes, suffixes and root words of this unit Endocrine-UNIT OBJECTIVES Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands Explain how hormones are thought to exert influences on target tissues Name and Describe the location of the major endocrine glands of the body List the hormones that each major endocrine gland secretes Describe the general Functions of these hormones Locate the target tissues of each hormone Distinguish between too much or too little of a particular hormone for certain human diseases Distinguish between physical and psychological stress Describe the general stress response

4 Cardiovascular-UNIT OBJECTIVES Name the organs of the cardiovascular system and discuss their functions Name and describe the location of the major parts of the heart Discuss the function of each major part of the heart Trace the pathway of blood through the heart and the vessels of the coronary circulation Discuss the cardiac cycle and explain how it is controlled Define cardiac output and discuss the interrelationship of heart rate and stroke volume Discuss the effect of exercise on cardiac function Explain the causes of the normal heart sounds Describe four functions of the blood Explain how blood pressure is measured, created and controlled Genetically, describe the four basic blood types and how they are determined Explain the process of blood clotting Identify and describe the location of the major arteries and veins of he pulmonary and systemic circuits Describe the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries Identify the diseases, causes and symptoms of the cardiovascular system Immune-UNIT OBJECTIVES After completing this unit, you will know: The general functions of the lymphatic system The components of the immune system How the immune system protects us against disesase. How lymphatic circulation flows throughout the body and how it is different from normal blood flow The parts of a lymph node and the major functions Differences between B and T cells, how they fight invasion, and the types of immunity they produce What happens when a pathogen invades our body How allergies affect our immune system The ways vaccinations protect us against certain invaders The ways that one gets and prevents AIDS How AIDS invades the body and affects the immune system

5 Nutrition-UNIT OBJECTIVES Define nutrients and essential nutrients List the major sources of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins Describe how carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids are utilized by cells Explain how various factors affect and individual's energy needs List the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins Describe the general functions of each vitamin Distinguish between a vitamin and a mineral List the major minerals and trace elements and list their general functions Evaluate the consumption requirements and functions of a vitamin and/or mineral in your diet Describe an adequate diet Compare daily diet charts with an ideal diet Evaluate your general nutrition through a research portfolio Identify the nutritional diseases, causes and symptoms Digestive-UNIT OBJECTIVES Define and understand the general vocabulary terms used in conjunction with the digestive system List organs of digestion and their functions Diagram organs and parts of organs with the digestive system Name the major components of the organs of digestion, their characteristics and/or functions Discuss how different foods are digested, include the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism Distinguish between various diseases and/or conditions associated with the digestive system

6 Excretory-UNIT OBJECTIVES List the general functions of the respiratory system Name and describe the location of the organs of the respiratory system Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system Explain how inspiration and expiration are accomplished Name and define each of the respiratory air volumes Locate the respiratory center and explain how it controls normal breathing Discuss how various factors affect the respiratory center Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood Explain the effects of smoking on the lungs and the entire body Name the organs of the urinary system and list their general functions Describe the locations of the kidneys Describe the structure of a kidney Describe a nephron and explain the functions of its parts Explain how glomerular filtrate is produced Discuss the process of micturition and explain how it is controlled List factors necessary to be an organ donor List the steps in organ transplantation Identify the excretory diseases, causes and symptoms Reproductive-UNIT OBJECTIVES State the chief functions of the reproductive system List the essential and accessory organs of the male reproductive system and give the generalized function of each Trace in sequence the passage of an individual sperm cll from its point of formation through the genital ducts to the exterior of the body Compare the structure, location and function of the accessory reproductive glands in the male and identify the components of the external genitals. Discuss the reproductive process, including fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth List the essential and accessory sex organs of the female reproductive system and give the generalized function of each Describe the structure of the female gonads and explain the steps in the development of mature ova from ovarian follicles Describe the stages of fetal development Make an educated"reproductive" decision Identify the reproductive diseases/conditions, causes and symptom