Topic Self-Quiz. from the plant provided what was needed by the animal s cellular respiration Cellular respiration in the animal provided CO 2

Transcription

1 Introduction 1. A plant weighing 300 g (planted in watered soil with no other organisms) and a herbivore animal weighing 80g are placed together in a sealed container. What what must be added to keep both organisms alive longer than a few hours? a) H 2 O b) CO 2 c) light d) food 2. In the same hypothetical experiment as above, the animal nibbles on the plant for many days. How is it possible for both plant and animal to survive in a sealed container this long? a) Enough light energy must have been added to maintain photosynthesis during the experiment b) c) he flow of O 2 from the plant provided what was needed by the animal s cellular respiration Cellular respiration in the animal provided CO 2 for the plant s Calvin cycle d) he animal ate the plant, but did not eat so much as to cut the plant s O 2 production to levels below that needed by the animal. e) All of the above 3. he organism(s) that recycle(s) CO 2 are: a) plants b) micro-algae c) cyanobacteria d) macro-algae e) all of the above f) none of the above

2 Catabolic Pathways 1. When something is phosphorylated it has: a) an amino group added b) a phosphate group added c) a phosphoryl group added d) a phosphate group removed 2. Glycolysis is a step in: a) fermentation b) photosynthesis c) cellular respiration d) the Kreb s cycle e) both a) and c) are correct 3. Cellular respiration differs from fermentation because: a) fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen b) oxygen acts as an electron acceptor in cellular respiration and not in fementation c) fermentation uses glycolysis but not other energy-yielding catabolic steps d) all of the above

3 Glycolysis/ 1. What makes scientists believe that glycolysis is an ancient process? a) it still happens in grain cells that have been found in ancient pyramids b) it takes place in the cell s cytosol, not in special organelles c) it happens in all cells d) it occurs in fermentation and cellular respiration pathways e) both b) and c) are correct 2. he pyruvate created by glycolysis can: a) be converted to a 2- or 3-carbon compound and excreted out of the cell b) be added to the cell s stockpile of energy carrier molecules c) enter mitochondria and be further broken down d) enter the nucleus and be used to make DNA e) both a) and c) are correct f) both b) and c) are correct

4 Glycolysis/ 1. he energy-investment phase is so called because: a) these molecules like to invest in the energy market b) two AP molecules are produced in the first four steps c) two AP molecules are used up in the first four steps d) none of the above 2. Once the glucose molecule enters the cell, the first step of glycolysis prevents it from leaving because: a) the new intermediate s electric charge prevents it from crossing the membrane again b) the intermedidate formed with a phosphate is too large to cross the membrane c) it is bound to the mitochondrion membrane d) the enzyme holds on and won t let it go 3. P-GAL is created during glycolysis when: a) a molecule of fructose is phosphorylated to make P-GAL b) isomerase splits glucose into two P-GALs c) a 6-carbon intermediate sugar is split into two, 3-carbon sugars, one of which is P-GAL d) isomerase changes a 3-carbon compound into its isomer, P-GAL e) both c) and d) are correct

5 Glycolysis/ 1. In a redox-reaction, when a molecule is oxidized by a oxidizing agent it and when it is reduced by an reducing agent it : a) gains electrons, loses electrons G b) loses electrons, gains electrons 2. In one step of glycolysis, a sugar intermediate is oxidized by producing the reduced compound. a) AP, H 2 O b) NAD +, NADH c) pyruvate, NADH d) NAD +, pyruvate e) NADH, NAD +

6 Fermentation 1. Fermentation is a form of: a) catabolic pathway b) aerobic respiration c) anaerobic respiration d) anabolic pathway 2. Fermentation serves the following function in cells: a) produces alchohol to get the cell drunk b) removes pyruvate that would otherwise build up and inhibit glycolysis c) provides the cell with energy d) cycles materials back into glycolysis 3. Lactic acid fermentation differs from alcohol fermentation because: a) it starts with pyruvate b) it produces CO 2 c) it does not break down pyruvate to the 2-carbon level d) it produces no extra useable energy

7 More Energy with Oxygen/ 1. A reducing atmosphere is one that: a) has gases that tend to donate electrons to other molecules in the environment b) is highly reactive G c) is high in oxygen d) has gases that tend to grab electrons from molecules in the environment e) none of the above 2. Catabolic reactions with oxygen harvest as much as times more energy when breaking down food molecules, than without oxygen. a) 20 b) 100 c) 2 d) Oxygen is highly so that it has a affinity for electrons. a) positive, low b) electronegative, high c) electronegative, low d) reactive, low

8 More Energy with Oxygen/ 1. On ancient earth, the result of oxygen becoming the electron acceptor in respiration was: a) all anaerobic organisms died b) the pace of evolution picked up c) multicellular organisms evolved d) new metabolic pathways evolved e) all of the above f) only a) is incorrect 2. he reason scientists believe that glycolysis was adopted in the earliest prokaryotes is: a) it is shown by fossil evidence b) glycolysis doesn t require oxygen c) archea exhibit glycolysis but bacteria don t d) it is a metabolic pathway common to all modern organisms

9 Mitochondrion Structure 1. he infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are: a) krista b) protein nodules c) cristae d) grana 2. In the diagram to the right, identify the following: a) site of AP synthesis b) location of the Krebs cycle reactions c) location where H+ ions build up d) relic of host cell s food vacuole e) relic of symbiont s cell membrane

10 Krebs Cycle/ 1. In the transfer of pyruvate through the mitochondrial membranes: a) CO 2 is released b) pyruvate is oxidized c) Coenzyme A reacts with an intermediate d) Acetyl Co A becomes available to the Krebs cycle e) all of the above 2. he Krebs cycle requires and. a) lactate, oxygen b) acetyl Co A, oxygen c) pyruvic acid, CO 2 d) oxygen, NAD + 3. Which of the following is NO oxidized during the Krebs cycle: a) alpha-ketogluterate b) succinate G c) fumarate d) isocitrate e) malate

11 Krebs Cycle/, Krebs Cycle/ - Cycle est est your knowledge of the Kreb s cycle intermediates listed randomly below, and then check your answers by clicking the buttons. G a) succinate b) malate c) fumarate d) isocitrate e) oxaloacetate f) pyruvate g) succinyl CoA h) citrate i) acetyl CoA j) alpha-ketogluterate O - C C CH 3 O O NAD + NADH + H+ NADH + H + CO O S C CH 3 CoA O C CoA-SH HO H O HO NAD + NADH + H + C O CO CoA-SH C HC CH CO CH2 NAD + NADH + H + NAD + CH2 HO CH C S O CoA CH2 CoA-SH GDP H O CH HC GP AP ADP FADH FAD

12 Krebs Cycle/ 1. What makes the Krebs cycle more productive than glycolysis, even though they both produce only 2 AP directly from one sugar molecule? a) only the Krebs cycle requires oxygen b) the Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion so the energy is contained, rather than dispersed throughout the cytoplasm c) the types of sugars that enter each cycle are different d) the Krebs cycle produces the energy carrier molecules NADH and FADH 2 3. he difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involves: a) the products are different b) they occur in different organelles c) one requires the linking of the electron transport chain to redox reactions d) one occurs only in glycolysis

13 Electron ransport Chain 1. Cristae provide the surface area to hold thousands of copies of the: a) Krebs cycle b) electron transport chain c) photosystems d) energy carriers 2. he proteins in the electron transport chain have prosthetic groups that alter between the and state as they accept and donate electrons. a) reduced, oxidized b) open, closed c) positive, negative d) oxidized, reduced 3. he electron transport chain allows energy produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to be released: a) quickly b) all at once c) over a period of years d) gradually

14 Oxidative Phosphorylation 1. he ion grandient between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space is created by: a) passive transport of Na + ions b) active transport of H + ions coupled to electron transport chain redox reactions c) pinocytosis d) positive ion flow 2. Chemiosmosis is: a) the formation of chemical bonds by crossing the cell membrane b) osmosis that requires chemical energy c) diffusion of water across a semipermiable membrane d) a coupling of chemical reactions and transport across a membrane. 3. It is believed that many early prokaryotes lived in habitats with very high acidity, since they constantly pumped out organic acids to help digest organic material around them. What adaptation in such cells would have the greatest likelihood to increase their chances for success? a) ability to excrete something to neutralize the acids b) coupling the transport of hydrogen ions back into the cell with the phosphorylation of ADP c) thicker cell membrane, with more lipids to keep out the acid d) using the electron transport chain to pump even more H+ into the environment