Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
|
|
- Timothy Arnold
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released from this conversion will be used to produce ATP
2
3
4
5 Mitochondria structure Similar in arrangement to the chloroplast 1. It is a double membrane organelle Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration 2. The intermembrane space is bounded by the outer membrane & the inner membrane 3. The inner membrane encloses a central space called the matrix. The transition reaction & Krebs cycle occur within matrix 4.The inner membrane is folded into cristae. The electron transport system is located in the inner membrane or cristae.
6 Glycolysis Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Aerobic cell respiration begins with glycolysis 1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm 2. Reactants = glucose, 2 NAD +, 2 ATP, 4 ADP, 4 P i 3. Products = 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 4 ATP (Net 2 ATP), 2 H 2 O NAD + = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide a co-enzyme necessary for the reaction to go forward, H+ donator in the electron transport chain During glycolysis NAD + is reduced to NADH. Since it s being reduced, are other molecules being oxidized? What kind of a reaction is the conversion of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) & water (H 2 O)? Anabolic or catabolic? Does this reaction require an input of energy to get it going?
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 1. Occurs in the matrix 2. Reactants = 2 pyruvates, 2 co-enzyme A (CoA), 2 NAD + 3. Products = 2 acetyl CoA, 2 NADH + H +, 2 CO 2
14
15 Krebs Cycle 1. Occurs in the matrix Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration 2. Reactants = 2 acetyl CoA, 2 ADP, 2 P i, 6 NAD +, 2 FAD 3. Products = 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH 2, 4 CO 2 4. For every acetyl-coa that enters the Krebs cycle, the cycle turns once. For every glucose molecule that starts cell respiration, 2 pyruvates are formed, forming 2 acetyl CoAs, thus turning the Krebs cycle twice FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide co-enzyme necessary for the reaction as well as an electron donor in the electron transport chain During Krebs cycle both NAD + & FAD are reduced to NADH & FADH 2 respectively If both of these molecules are being reduced, are other molecules being oxidized?
16
17 Electron Transport System (ETS) Arnold s comparison with ETS in chloroplasts
18 Electron transport System 1. Occurs in within the inner membrane 2. Reactants = 6 NADH, 2 FADH 2, 6 O 2, ADP + P i 3. Products = approximately ATPs, 4 H 2 O, ATP
19 Electrons enter ETS from NADH & FADH 2 As the electrons are passed from carrier to carrier, H + are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a huge concentration gradient for the H + to flow down The H + flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, thus creating ATP from ADP & P i The electrons jump off the last carrier & combine with O 2 to form H 2 O This process of producing ATP in the presence of O 2 is called oxidative phosphorylation & the overall process of utilizing a concentration gradient to produce ATP is called chemiosmosis or chemiosmotic phosphorylation The direct transfer of a P i from one molecule to ADP (glycolysis & Krebs) substrate level phosphorylation
20
21
22 Energy yield from glucose metabolism ATP produced via substrate level phosphorylation Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ATP produced via chemiosmosis 2 NADH from glycolysis 4 ATP 2 NADH from transition step 6 ATP 6 NADH from Krebs Cycle 18 ATP 2 FADH 2 from Krebs Cycle 4 ATP TOTAL 36 ATP Efficiency 36 ATP = 263 kcal 1 glucose = 686 kcal 39% of the energy in glucose is converted to ATP, the rest is lost as HEAT
23
24 How do we utilize other molecules in the cellular respiration pathway?
25 Fermentation Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Ability to produce ATP when oxygen is NOT available Phases 1. Glycolysis 2. Reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid or alcohol Reduction step 1. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid or alcohol via the oxidation of NADH back to NAD + 2. Once NAD + is regenerated it can go back to the glycolytic pathway & be reduced again, thus enabling glycolysis to keep on running Details 1. Only produces 2 ATPs per glucose 2. Lactic acid buildup will eventually change the ph in the muscle, leading to. Efficiency = 14.6 kcal / 686 kcal = 2.1%
26
27 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration 1. What are the 4 steps of aerobic cellular respiration & where do they specifically occur in the cell or mitochondria? 2. Describe the structure of a mitochondria 3. What goes in & comes out of glycolysis, the transition reaction, & Krebs? 4. What is NADH? 5. How many times does Krebs cycle turn with every glucose metabolized? 6. Describe how ATP is synthesized in the ETS? 7. How does this compare with ATP synthesized in glycolysis? 8. What are the 2 possible products of fermentation? 9. What do your muscles start to hurt when they are going through fermentation?
Photosynthesis takes place in three stages:
Photosynthesis takes place in three stages: Light-dependent reactions Light-independent reactions The Calvin cycle 1. Capturing energy from sunlight 2. Using energy to make ATP and NADPH 3. Using ATP and
More informationAP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline
AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline I. How cells get energy. A. Cellular Respiration 1. Cellular respiration includes the various metabolic pathways that break down carbohydrates and other
More informationHarvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration. Chapter 8
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Overview of Glucose Breakdown The overall equation for the complete breakdown of glucose is: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP The
More informationCellular Respiration An Overview
Why? Cellular Respiration An Overview What are the phases of cellular respiration? All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain 2006-2007 Cellular respiration What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP ATP accounting so far Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb s cycle 2 ATP Life takes
More informationChapter 7 Active Reading Guide Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 7 Active Reading Guide Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take a second
More informationThe correct answer is d C. Answer c is incorrect. Reliance on the energy produced by others is a characteristic of heterotrophs.
1. An autotroph is an organism that a. extracts energy from organic sources b. converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy c. relies on the energy produced by other organisms as an energy source
More information1. Explain the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration.
: Harvesting Chemical Energy Name Period Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take a second to look at the big picture. Photosynthesis and cellular
More informationEnergy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)
Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need
More information* Is chemical energy potential or kinetic energy? The position of what is storing energy?
Biology 1406 Exam 2 - Metabolism Chs. 5, 6 and 7 energy - capacity to do work 5.10 kinetic energy - energy of motion : light, electrical, thermal, mechanical potential energy - energy of position or stored
More information008 Chapter 8. Student:
008 Chapter 8 Student: 1. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of
More informationChapter 14- RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
Chapter 14- RESPIRATION IN PLANTS Living cells require a continuous supply of energy for maintaining various life activities. This energy is obtained by oxidizing the organic compounds (carbohydrates,
More informationSummary of Metabolism. Mechanism of Enzyme Action
Summary of Metabolism Mechanism of Enzyme Action 1. The substrate contacts the active site 2. The enzyme-substrate complex is formed. 3. The substrate molecule is altered (atoms are rearranged, or the
More informationWhat affects an enzyme s activity? General environmental factors, such as temperature and ph. Chemicals that specifically influence the enzyme.
CH s 8-9 Respiration & Metabolism Metabolism A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. An enzyme is a catalytic protein. Hydrolysis of sucrose by
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
More informationChapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondrion Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Cytoplasm Mitochondrion
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways Photoautotrophs make ATP during photosynthesis and use it to synthesize glucose and other carbohydrates
More informationCellular Respiration & Metabolism. Metabolism. Coupled Reactions: Bioenergetics. Cellular Respiration: ATP is the cell s rechargable battery
Cellular Respiration & Metabolism Metabolic Pathways: a summary Metabolism Bioenergetics Flow of energy in living systems obeys: 1 st law of thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed, but it cannot be
More informationBiology I. Chapter 8/9
Biology I Chapter 8/9 NOTEBOOK #1 Interest Grabber Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank
More informationAP Bio Photosynthesis & Respiration
AP Bio Photosynthesis & Respiration Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which
More information-Loss of energy -Loss of hydrogen from carbons. -Gain of energy -Gain of hydrogen to carbons
Cellular Respiration- Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H20 and energy -The energy is released from the chemical bonds in the complex organic molecules -The catabolic process of releasing energy from food
More informationATP accounting so far ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN & CHEMIOSMOSIS. The Essence of ETC: The Electron Transport Chain O 2
accounting so far The final stage of cellular respiration: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN & CHEMIOSMOSIS Glycolysis 2 Kreb s cycle 2 Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4! There
More informationChapter 9 Review Worksheet Cellular Respiration
1 of 5 11/9/2011 8:11 PM Name: Hour: Chapter 9 Review Worksheet Cellular Respiration Energy in General 1. Differentiate an autotroph from a hetertroph as it relates to obtaining energy and the processes
More informationSOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman An Introduction to Metabolism Most biochemical processes occur as biochemical pathways, each individual reaction of which is catalyzed
More informationAnabolic and Catabolic Reactions are Linked by ATP in Living Organisms
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism Microbial Metabolism Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that occur within a living a living organism. These chemical reactions are generally of two types: Catabolic:
More information1. Enzymes. Biochemical Reactions. Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism. 1. Enzymes. 2. ATP Production. 3. Autotrophic Processes
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism 1. Enzymes 2. ATP Production 3. Autotrophic Processes 1. Enzymes Biochemical Reactions All living cells depend on biochemical reactions to maintain homeostasis. All of the
More informationBiology 20 Cellular Respiration Review NG Know the process of Cellular Respiration (use this picture if it helps):
Biology 20 Cellular Respiration Review NG Know the process of Cellular Respiration (use this picture if it helps): 1) How many ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule used in fermentation?
More informationAP BIOLOGY 2015 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP BIOLOGY 2015 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 Figure 1. Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation Figure 2. Krebs cycle Figure 3. Electron transport chain Cellular respiration includes the metabolic pathways of
More informationTodays Outline. Metabolism. Why do cells need energy? How do cells acquire energy? Metabolism. Concepts & Processes. The cells capacity to:
and Work Metabolic Pathways Enzymes Features Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Membrane Transport Diffusion Osmosis Passive Transport Active Transport Bulk Transport Todays Outline -Releasing Pathways
More informationThe amount of cellular adenine is constant. -It exists as either ATP, ADP, or AMP (the concentration of these vary)
Electron transport chain Final stage of aerobic oxidation! Also known as: -oxidative phosphorylation(when coupled to ATP synthase) -respiration (when coupled to ATP synthase) Purpose: -Recycle reduced
More informationBCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004
BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004 Name: Section: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. According to the first law of thermodynamics, A. the universe
More informationLactic Acid Dehydrogenase
Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase Pyruvic Acid Dehydrogenase Complex Pyruvate to ACETYL coa CC CoA + CO 2 Mitochondria 3 carbon Pyruvate to 2 carbon ACETYL Coenzyme A Pyruvate Acetyl CoA + CO 2 + NADH + H + CO2
More informationElectron Transport System. May 16, 2014 Hagop Atamian hatamian@ucdavis.edu
Electron Transport System May 16, 2014 Hagop Atamian hatamian@ucdavis.edu What did We learn so far? Glucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis. The process generates two ATPs. Pyruvate is taken into
More information- Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.2, p. 90 / 4th: 6.1] - lungs provide oxygen to blood, blood brings oxygen to the cells.
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy - Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration [OVERHEAD, fig. 6.2, p. 90 / 4th: 6.1] - ATP - this is provided by the lungs - lungs provide oxygen to blood, blood
More informationIs ATP worth the investment?
Is ATP worth the investment? ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) can be thought of as the currency of the cell. Most cellular metabolic processes cost a certain amount of ATP in order to happen. Furthermore,
More informationPhotosynthesis (CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 )
The vital role of A This is the energy-rich compound that is the source of energy for all living things. It is a nucleotide, comprising a 5C sugar (ribose); an organic base (adenosine); and 3 phosphate
More informationCELL/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION Test 2011 ANSWER 250 POINTS ANY WAY IN WHICH YOU WANT
CELL/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION Test 2011 ANSWER 250 POINTS ANY WAY IN WHICH YOU WANT Completion: complete each statement. (1 point each) 1. All cells arise from. 2. The basic unit of structure
More informationChapter 9 Mitochondrial Structure and Function
Chapter 9 Mitochondrial Structure and Function 1 2 3 Structure and function Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP Synthesis Peroxisome Overview 2 Mitochondria have characteristic morphologies despite variable
More informationEvolution of Metabolism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 & 8
How ells Harvest Energy hapter 7 & 8 Evolution of Metabolism A hypothetical timeline for the evolution of metabolism - all in prokaryotic cells!: 1. ability to store chemical energy in ATP 2. evolution
More informationRESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES. Bio 171 Week 6
RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES Bio 171 Week 6 Procedure Label test tubes well, including group name 1) Add solutions listed to small test tubes 2) For
More informationCellular Respiration Worksheet 1. 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. 2. Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular
More informationFigure 5. Energy of activation with and without an enzyme.
Biology 20 Laboratory ENZYMES & CELLULAR RESPIRATION OBJECTIVE To be able to list the general characteristics of enzymes. To study the effects of enzymes on the rate of chemical reactions. To demonstrate
More informationChem 306 Chapter 21 Bioenergetics Lecture Outline III
Chem 306 Chapter 21 Bioenergetics Lecture Outline III I. HOW IS ATP GENERATED IN THE FINAL STAGE CATABOLISM? A. OVERVIEW 1. At the end of the citric acid cycle, all six carbons of glucose have been oxidized
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Text, Diagrams, Assessments, and Link to Standards Focus Questions 1) What is cellular respiration? 2) How is cellular respiration connected to breathing? 3) If
More informationChapter 4. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets. 63 www.ck12.org
Chapter 4 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets (Opening image copyright by Derek Ramsey, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:monarch_butterfly_ Danaus_plexippus_Feeding_Down_3008px.jpg, and
More informationElectron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. Joško Ivica
Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems Joško Ivica Electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation collects e - & -H Oxidation of foodstuffs oxidizes
More informationCHAPTER 15: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 15: ANSWERS T SELECTED PRBLEMS SAMPLE PRBLEMS ( Try it yourself ) 15.1 ur bodies can carry out the second reaction, because it requires less energy than we get from breaking down a molecule of
More informationMetabolism Poster Questions
Metabolism Poster Questions Answer the following questions concerning respiration. 1. Consider the mitochondrial electron transport chain. a. How many hydrogen ions can be pumped for every NADH? b. How
More informationBioenergetics Module A Anchor 3
Bioenergetics Module A Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - ATP can easily release and store energy by breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups. This characteristic of ATP makes it exceptionally
More informationCellular Respiration
CONCEPTUAL UFE SCIENCE Cellular Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation
More informationChapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is not true of the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? A) Biotin participates in the decarboxylation.
More informationCopyright 2000-2003 Mark Brandt, Ph.D. 54
Pyruvate Oxidation Overview of pyruvate metabolism Pyruvate can be produced in a variety of ways. It is an end product of glycolysis, and can be derived from lactate taken up from the environment (or,
More informationCellular Respiration. Chapter Outline. Before You Begin
8 Cellular Respiration Triathlete racing past photosynthesizing trees and vegetation. A triathlete racing a bike, a bacterium with undulating flagella, an ocelot climbing a tree, or a snail moving slowly
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
reflect Wind turbines shown in the photo on the right are large structures with blades that move in response to air movement. When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is
More informationCell. (1) This is the most basic unit of life inside of our bodies.
Cytology Overview Cell (1) This is the most basic unit of life inside of our bodies. ATP (2) Each of our cell s requires energy in order to carry out its day to day func>ons. This is the energy all cells
More informationMicrobial Metabolism. Biochemical diversity
Microbial Metabolism Biochemical diversity Metabolism Define Requirements Energy Enzymes Rate Limiting step Reaction time Types Anabolic Endergonic Dehydration Catabolic Exergonic Hydrolytic Metabolism
More informationChapter 19a Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation. Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 19a Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Multiple Choice Questions 1. Electron-transfer reactions in mitochondria Page: 707 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E Almost all of the oxygen (O 2 ) one
More informationMicrobial Metabolism. Chapter 5. Enzymes. Enzyme Components. Mechanism of Enzymatic Action
Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism, including anabolic (biosynthetic) reactions and catabolic (degradative) reactions. Anabolism is
More informationName Date Class. energy phosphate adenine charged ATP chemical bonds work ribose
Energy in a Cell Reinforcement and Study Guide Section.1 The Need for Energy In your textbook, read about cell energy. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. energy phosphate adenine
More informationUnit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Advanced Concepts What is the abbreviated name of this molecule? What is its purpose? What are the three parts of this molecule? Label each part with the
More informationElectron Transport Generates a Proton Gradient Across the Membrane
Electron Transport Generates a Proton Gradient Across the Membrane Each of respiratory enzyme complexes couples the energy released by electron transfer across it to an uptake of protons from water in
More informationb. What is/are the overall function(s) of photosystem II?
Use your model and the information in Chapter 10 of Biology, 7th edition, to answer the questions. 1. The various reactions in photosynthesis are spatially segregated from each other within the chloroplast.
More informationChapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle Multiple Choice Questions 1. Production of acetyl-coa (activated acetate) Page: 603 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A Which of the following is not true of the reaction catalyzed by
More information21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle The carbon atoms from the first two stages of catabolism are carried into the third stage as acetyl groups bonded to coenzyme A. Like the phosphoryl groups in ATP molecules,
More informationChloroplasts and Mitochondria
Name: KEY Period: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some Algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process
More informationBio 101 Section 001: Practice Questions for First Exam
Do the Practice Exam under exam conditions. Time yourself! MULTIPLE CHOICE: 1. The substrate fits in the of an enzyme: (A) allosteric site (B) active site (C) reaction groove (D) Golgi body (E) inhibitor
More informationVisualizing Cell Processes
Visualizing Cell Processes A Series of Five Programs produced by BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Content Guide for Program 3 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Copyright 2001, BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES www.ebiomedia.com
More informationRespiration Worksheet. Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food. Types of Respiration. Aerobic Respiration
Respiration Worksheet Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food The food involved in respiration is usually Internal respiration is controlled by which allow energy to be released in The
More informationCarbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
Concept 1 - Thinking Practice 1. If the following molecules were to undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, what molecules would result? Circle the parts of each amino acid that will interact and draw
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
AP bio fall 2014 final exam prep Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. According to the first law of thermodynamics, a. the energy of a system
More information1. f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: 1.
More informationChapter 10: Photosynthesis
Name Period Chapter 10: Photosynthesis This chapter is as challenging as the one you just finished on cellular respiration. However, conceptually it will be a little easier because the concepts learned
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Twenty Three 1
23.2 Glucose Metabolism: An Overview When glucose enters a cell from the bloodstream, it is immediately converted to glucose 6- phosphate. Once this phosphate is formed, glucose is trapped within the cell
More informationElectron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
CHM333 LECTURES 37 & 38: 4/27 29/13 SPRING 2013 Professor Christine Hrycyna Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Final stages of aerobic oxidation of biomolecules in eukaryotes occur in the
More informationOxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation NADH from Glycolysis must be transported into the mitochondrion to be oxidized by the respiratory electron transport chain. Only the electrons from NADH are transported, these
More informationCitric Acid Cycle. Cycle Overview. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle. Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle Cycle Overview Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle The Amphibolic Nature of the Citric Acid Cycle Cycle Overview
More informationCELLULAR RESPIRATION. Chapter 19 & 20. Biochemistry by Campbell and Farell (7 th Edition) By Prof M A Mogale
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 19 & 20 Biochemistry by Campbell and Farell (7 th Edition) By Prof M A Mogale 1. Cellular respiration (energy capture) The enzymatic breakdown of food stuffs in the presence
More informationThe chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP.
4.1 CHEMICAL ENERGY AND ATP Study Guide KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. VOCABULARY ATP ADP chemosynthesis MAIN IDEA: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. 1. What
More informationPRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY
Name PRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Cell Structure Identify animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cell ultrastructure and know the structures functions. Plant cell Animal cell
More informationChapter 8: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism 1. Discuss energy conversions and the 1 st and 2 nd law of thermodynamics. Be sure to use the terms work, potential energy, kinetic energy, and entropy. 2. What are Joules
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch23_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except A) The major physical
More informationPhotosynthesis. Name. Light reactions Calvin cycle Oxidation Reduction Electronegativity Photosystem Electron carrier NADP+ Concentration gradient
Vocabulary Terms Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph Electromagnetic spectrum Wavelength Chloroplast Thylakoid Stroma Chlorophyll Absorption spectrum Photosynthesis Light reactions Calvin cycle Oxidation Reduction
More informationBioenergetics. Free Energy Change
Bioenergetics Energy is the capacity or ability to do work All organisms need a constant supply of energy for functions such as motion, transport across membrane barriers, synthesis of biomolecules, information
More informationpathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step. C.
Study Island Cell Energy Keystone Review 1. Cells obtain energy by either capturing light energy through photosynthesis or by breaking down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. In both photosynthesis
More informationCitric Acid Cycle Review Activity
Citric Acid Cycle Review Activity Goals Students will be able to appreciate the details of steps within the Kreb s Cycle. Students will be able to understand the steps of the Kreb s Cycle at functional
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. Stored Energy
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Stored Energy What is Photosynthesis? plants convert the energy of sunlight into the energy in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates sugars and starches. SUMMARY EQUATION:
More informationPhotosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reactions
Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reactions Photosynthesis: The BIG Picture Photosynthesis is the process by which PHOTOAUTOTROPHS convert the energy in SUNLIGHT into the energy stored
More informationRegulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
Regulation of the itric Acid ycle I. hanges in Free Energy February 17, 2003 Bryant Miles kj/mol 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 Reaction DGo' DG TA Free Energy hanges 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.) itrate Synthase 2.) Aconitase
More informationCellular Energy: ATP & Enzymes. What is it? Where do organism s get it? How do they use it?
Cellular Energy: ATP & Enzymes What is it? Where do organism s get it? How do they use it? Where does Energy come from? Ultimately, from the sun. It is transferred between organisms in the earth s lithosphere,
More informationWhat are the similarities between this equation for burning glucose and the equation for cellular respiration of glucose when oxygen is available?
Cellular Respiration in Yeast Adapted from Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast Investigation in the School District of Philadelphia Biology Core Curriculum 2009 by Dr. Jennifer Doherty and Dr. Ingrid Waldron,
More informationPhotosynthesis January 23 Feb 1, 2013 WARM-UP JAN 23/24. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1
WARM-UP JAN 23/24 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration What is the connection between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? Energy Production Inorganic Molecules Specialized
More informationChapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism
Chapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism Educational Goals 1. Define the terms metabolism, metabolic pathway, catabolism, and anabolism. 2. Understand how ATP is formed from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P
More informationCellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1
Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 1. Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction? A. Energy is being stored as a result of aerobic respiration. B. Fermentation
More informationInhibitors & Uncouplers
Inhibitors & Uncouplers February 24, 2003 Bryant Miles The electron transport chain was determined by studying the effects of particular inhibitors. 2 3 3 Rotenone 3 Rotenone is a common insecticide that
More informationMethods of Grading S/N Style of grading Percentage Score 1 Attendance, class work and assignment 10 2 Test 20 3 Examination 70 Total 100
COURSE: MIB 303 Microbial Physiology and Metabolism (3 Units- Compulsory) Course Duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks (45 hours). Lecturer: Jimoh, S.O. B.Sc., M.Sc, Ph.D Microbiology (ABU, Zaria)
More informationPhotosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). photons SUN
More informationATP Synthesis. Lecture 13. Dr. Neil Docherty
PG1005 The Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis Lecture 13 Dr. Neil Docherty My Teaching Objectives Define and describe the electron transport chain Explain how electron transfer couples to proton
More informationPhotosynthesis Practice. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best.
Photosynthesis Practice Fill in the blanks. Name Date Period 1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best. 3. _C is the main
More informationCITRIC ACID (KREB S, TCA) CYCLE
ITRI AID (KREB S, TA) YLE Date: September 2, 2005 * Time: 10:40 am 11:30 am * Room: G202 Biomolecular Building Lecturer: Steve haney 515A Mary Ellen Jones Building stephen_chaney@med.unc.edu 9663286 *Please
More informationAdvanced Subsidiary GCE Biology
Advanced Subsidiary GCE Biology Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy - High banded OCR has produced these candidate style answers to support teachers in interpreting the assessment criteria
More information