ANAT 5. Lecture Topic: TISSUES. Reading: Chapter 5
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1 ANAT 5 Lecture Topic: TISSUES Reading: Chapter 5 1
2 TISSUES Tissue = group of cells working together for a common function 4 tissue types: 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous **Learn characteristics & main functions** 2
3 Histology Hist = greek for tissue 3
4 1) EPITHELIAL TISSUE a) Characteristics -free surface -densely packed cells -avascular (no blood vessels) -highly regenerative b) Functions - barrier/protection 4
5 c) Classification of epithelial tissues 1) Cell shape (at the free surface) 2) Cell layers/arrangement 5
6 c) Classification of epithelial tissues 1) Cell shape (at free surface) a) squamous - flat cells b) cuboidal - cube shaped c) columnar - column shaped Reminders: -histology = thin section of a 3D object -there are MANY tissues on each slide 6
7 c) Classification of epithelial tissues 2) Cell layers/arrangement a) simple - a single layer b) stratified - multiple layers 7
8 c) Classification of epithelial tissues 2) Cell layers/arrangement a) simple - a single layer b) stratified - multiple layers 8
9 Name this epithelial tissue: Cell arrangement/layers.shape of cells at surface 9
10 Name this epithelial tissue: Cell arrangement/layers.shape of cells at surface 10
11 Name this epithelial tissue: Cell arrangement/layers.shape of cells at surface 11
12 Name this epithelial tissue: Cell arrangement/layers.shape of cells at surface 12
13 Name this epithelial tissue: Cell arrangement/layers.shape of cells at surface 13
14 Special Types of Epithelia: Transitional: -only in urinary tract Pseudostratified Columnar: -respiratory tract -look for cilia 14
15 2) CONNECTIVE TISSUES a) Characteristics - cells widely spaced - matrix between cells MATRIX = fibers + ground substance FIBERS = collagen (thick, strong & flexible) elastic (thin & very stretchy) GROUND SUBSTANCE = fluid, solid, or semi-solid material - blood vessels are common 15
16 2) CONNECTIVE TISSUES b) Functions 1. You should be able to think of MANY!
17 c) Classification of connective tissues (7 types) 1) Adipose Tissue Functions:
18 Adipose Tissue 18
19 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 2) Areolar (loose) -lots of elastin (stretchy) & collagen (strong) -fibroblast cells (cells that make fibers) Blast = to make 19
20 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 3) Dense Regular C.T. (white fibrous) -very strong collagen fibers -poor blood supply tendons (muscle/bone) -ligaments (bone/bone) 20
21 Dense Regular Connective Found in: Tendons Ligaments Tissue 21
22 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 4) Dense Irregular C.T. (skip reticular c.t.) -wavy collagen fibers -dermis layer of skin 22
23 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 5) Cartilage (3 types) a) hyaline cartilage: most common, costal cartilage b) elastic cartilage: lots of elastin, in ear & epiglottis c) fibrocartilage: lots of collagen, intervertebral disks All have chondrocytes within lacunae. Chondro = cartilage 23
24 Cartilage 24
25 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 6) Bone - most rigid connective tissue - has osteocytes (cells) in lacunae osteo = bone 25
26 c) Classification of connective tissues (con t) 7) Blood - red & white blood cells in plasma - plasma = matrix
27 3) MUSCLE TISSUE a) Key Characteristic can contract b) Functions - movement c) Classification (3 types): 1) skeletal - attached to the skeleton 2) smooth - in viscera & blood vessels 3) cardiac - in heart 27
28 Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal Smooth Cardiac 28
29 4) NERVOUS TISSUE a) Key Characteristic - conducts electrical impulses b) Function - controls body 29
30 Thyroxine GLANDS 1) Introduction - tissues that secrete fluid or products 2) Types of glands a) Endocrine - NO ducts - secrete into 30
31 GLANDS 2) Types of glands b) Exocrine - have ducts to exterior/interior surface - Examples: 1) sebacious - secrete oil for skin 2) sweat glands 3) mammary 4) salivary 31
32 MEMBRANES 1) Introduction - combination of two + tissues - cover a body surface - made of epithelial & C.T. 32
33 2) Types of membranes: a) mucous - line body cavities that open to outside - respiratory, digestive, reproductive - produce b) serous - line body cavities that do NOT open to outside - dorsal and ventral cavities - produce a thin serous fluid c) synovial - line joint cavities - produce fluid d) cutaneous 33
34 TUMORS 1) Introduction - abnormal accumulation of tissue 2) Types a) benign b) malignant - cancerous 34
35 End of Tissues 35
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