Unit 5: Non-Traditional Environment
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1 Unit 5: Non-Traditional Environment How do we sustain life in a non-traditional environment? Illustrating the ways organisms get and use the matter and energy needed to live and grow. 1
2 Outcome: Develop understanding of cellular structure. Warm-up: List at least 5 things you know about plants and animal cells.
3 Unit 5 Project: Non-Traditional Environment Design a man made habitat in a non-traditional environment which can support human life. Project Requirements: Maintain a design notebook that explains your design choices, providing justifications and scientific support. Create a prototype, either a 3D scale model or floor plan of your nontraditional environment. Develop a flow map which shows the flow of carbon through your NT environment. Needs to be addressed: Protection from the environment Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Waste Removal Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs (Sleeping, Food, Water, Comfort, any other needs, specific to your environment, that humans may have) 3
4 Unit 5: Non-Traditional Environment Possible Environments to Choose From: Antarctica Mariana Trench Atacama Desert Mars Cueva de los Cristales Mono Lake Upper Atmosphere
5 Cell structure Complete the gizmo activity 15 minutes Cells- basic unit of life Review Levels of Organization
6 Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
7 Prokaryotes Prokaryotes: simple, single-celled organisms Earliest & most primitive forms of life on earth Lack a nucleus, DNA floats in cytoplasm. Includes bacteria and archaea. 7
8 Eukaryotes More recently evolved than prokaryotes DNA housed in nucleus Membrane bound organelles with unique functions Includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists 8
9 Evolution of Eukaryotes A prokaryotic host cell incorporates another prokaryotic cell. Each prokaryote has its own set of DNA molecules (a genome). The genome of the incorporated cell remains separate (curved blue line) from the host cell genome (curved purple line). The incorporated cell may continue to replicate as it exists within the host cell. Over time, during errors of replication or perhaps when the incorporated cell lyses and loses its membrane separation from the host, genetic material becomes separated from the incorporated cell and merges with the host cell genome. Eventually, the host genome becomes a mixture of both genomes, and it ultimately becomes enclosed in an endomembrane, a membrane within the cell that creates a separate compartment. This compartment eventually evolves into a nucleus. 9
10 - Plant Eukaryotes and some Prokaryotes - Rigid, made of cellulose - Tough gives the plant added stability and protection from harm. Cell Wall
11 Cell Membrane - Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes - A barrier between the cellular materials and the outside. - Regulates what gets into and out of the cell.
12 Cellular Functions Cellular Boundaries Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell Wall Shapes, supports, and protects the cell Animal Plant Cell Membrane Regulate materials entering and exiting the cell; support and protect 12
13 Nucleus - Stores the cells genetic material in strands of DNA. - In eukaroytes only
14 Cellular Functions Cellular Control Center Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote Nucleus Contains DNA DNA is stored in the cytoplasm Animal Plant 14
15 Plant eukaryotes Large liquid filled storage container. Stores water, nutrients, waste, pigments. Vacuoles
16 Lysosomes Small membrane bound packages of acidic enzymes that digest compounds and worn out cellular components. Eukaryotes
17 Cellular Functions Organelles that Store, Clean Up, and Support Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote Vacuoles and Vesicles Lysosomes Store materials Break down and recycle macro-molecules Animal Plant Cytoskeleton Centrioles Maintains cell shape; moves cell parts, helps cells to move Organize cell division Protein filaments act as cytoskeleton 17
18 Ribosomes - Synthesize proteins in the cell. - Can be on the endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in the cytoplasm. - Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
19 Endoplasmic Reticulum - Assembles proteins and lipids - Eukaryotes
20 Golgi Complex Packages proteins into vesicles for secretion from the cell. Eukaryotes
21 Cellular Functions Organelles that Build Proteins Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Synthesize Proteins Assembles proteins and lipids Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage and transport out of cell Animal Plant 21
22 Chloroplasts Found in plant eukaryotes only Site of photosynthesis synthesize glucose using sunlight
23 Mitochondria - Where cellular respiration energy is produced in the form of ATP - Found in Eukaryotes
24 Cellular Functions Organelles that Capture and Release Energy Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote Chloroplasts Mitochondria Convert solar energy to chemical energy to store as sugar Convert chemical energy stored in food into usable energy Photosynthesis occurs in membranes These rxns occur in the cytoplasm Animal Plant 24
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