Mobilità sostenibile: la trazione elettrica, un opportunità? Nevio Di Giusto Centro Ricerche Fiat & ELASIS

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1 Nevio Di Giusto Centro Ricerche Fiat & ELASIS

2 Environment generates Changes 2

3 Technology generates changes FIAT mod. 3 1/2 HP (1899) Bravo (2007) 500 (2007) Delta (2008) Mito (2008) 3

4 Adaptation to survive It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent but the one most responsive to change Charles Darwin 4

5 Global Warming Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007 (AR4) 5

6 Carbon Dioxide Concentration Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007 (AR4) 6

7 Perception and Reality on CO 2 Emissions 7

8 Critical Factors for the Automotive Industry 8

9 Expectations from Technology Technology Acceleration Technology Level Threat Perceived Risk Time 9

10 Fiat Brand Positioning in CO 2 Emissions Brand Average CO 2 (g/km) 2008 FIAT PEUGEOT CITROEN RENAULT TOYOTA FORD OPEL/VAUXHALL VOLKSWAGEN BMW MERCEDES

11 Important international acknowledgements Recently, Chrysler reached out and found what could be a potential partner -- the international car company Fiat, where the current management team has executed an impressive turnaround. Fiat is prepared to transfer its cutting-edge technology to Chrysler and, after working closely with my team, has committed to build -- building new fuelefficient cars and engines right here in the United States. Source: The White House 11

12 Ecological manifestos Gasoline or a Methane-Hydrogen mixture powered Diesel powered 12

13 Engine Technologies THERMAL MANAGEMENT ADVANCED HIGH PRESSURE MULTIPLE DIESEL INJECTION ENGINE DOWNSIZING ELECTRONIC VALVE CONTROL NEW GEN. TURBOCHARGING ADVANCED ENGINE CONTROL DIRECT GASOLINE INJECTION HIGH EFFICIENCY AUTOMATED & DCT TRANSMISSION ELECTRICALLY ASSISTED HYBRID PROPULSION 13

14 Electric Vehicle Evolution 100 P el /P tot [%] Pure electric: battery (BEV) fuel cell (FCEV) EV 50 Hybrid Vehicle ICE / electric assisted Hybrid Vehicle ICE / electric plug-in PHEV Improved ICE - aux HEV 0 ICEV Today Short term Medium term Long term 14

15 Fiat Hybrid Systems GASOLINE HYBRID ADVANCED CNG HYBRID DIESEL HYBRID 15

16 Electric Vehicle Prototypes Vanzic Multipla Hybrid Power Qubo elettrico Panda Elettra 16

17 Enabling Technologies for the clean forthcoming Electrical Mobility Batteries And Supercaps Fuel based Catalytic Range extenders Electrical Motors Power electronics Smart Silicon and Thin Film solar panels Lightweight and flexible lighting systems with integrated PV, Batteries, RF link and Photodiode. Thermoeletric materials for heating and cooling All other sensors and electronics Green low rolling resistance tyres Light weight and fire resistant composites 17

18 IVECO Hybrid Technology MISSION: Urban Freight Transport (3,5 12 t) Urban Passenger Transport (5,5 t) SYSTEM: Reduced Displacement Internal Combustion Engine Automatic transmission Hybrid Architecture Parallel Diesel-Elettric in-line Configuration mild hybrid MAIN FEATURES: Stop & Start Electric Mode in Traffic Queues Regenerative Braking Electric Launch OBJECTIVES: Consumption & CO 2 Reduction: up to 30% Zero Emission Mode: available 18

19 Daily Hybrid and Eurocargo Hybrid DAILY HYBRID GVW: 3,5 t (van) - 5,5 t (minibus) Internal Combustion Engine: Iveco F1A 4cil/2,3l Power: 85 kw Torque: 270 Nm Electric Motor: Power: 32 kw Torque: 280 Nm Transmission: Automatic ZF 6 AS400 Batteries: NiMH Daily Van 3.5 t EUROCARGO HYBRID GVW: Internal Combustion Engine: Electric Motor: Transmission : Batteries: 7,5 12 t (urban missions) Iveco Tector 4cil/3,9l - 6cil/5,8l Power: kw Torque: Nm Power: 44 kw Torque: 420 Nm Automatic Eaton Lithium-Ion Daily Minibus 5.5 t Eurocargo t 19

20 Field-test with customers Daily Hybrid FedEx Eurocargo Hybrid Coca Cola 20

21 Daily Electric: lay-out High Energy Density Batteries Drive Motor Reduction Gear 21

22 Daily Electric: performances DAILY 35 S DAILY 50 C Vehicle Range Full load Urban Mission 90 km 120 km 100 km 130 km 2 BATTERIES 3 BATTERIES 4 BATTERIES Gradeability 16% Max Speed 70 km/h 22

23 Technology Roadmap for BEV s 23

24 Batteries Energy density [Wh/kg] Pb NiCd NiMeH Li-ions phosphate Li-Mn 2 O 4 Li-ions Co years 24

25 Batteries Source: SAFT 25

26 Supercapacitors Source: Maxwell 26

27 Solar Cells Source: NREL

28 High-Priority Challanges In Europe Greening of surface transport Encouraging modal shift and decongesting transport corridors Ensuring sustainable urban mobility Improving safety and security To promote safe, efficient and environmentally friendly mobility BUT WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE? 28

29 NETWORKED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INSIDE ORGANIZATION THROUGH ORGANIZATION PROJECT LEADER HIERARCHICAL ACTIVATION AND EXECUTION Add-on Function Complexity adds on top of Complexity with the risk of loosing the control Performance Requirements Constraints Trade-offs LOCAL OPTIMISATION Needs People Components System DIRECT ACTIVATION AND EXECUTION GLOBAL OPTIMISATION Distributed intelligence Complexity is pervasive and becomes manageable PROJECT LEADER 29

30 Synchronising Product and Technology Evolution By completely re-engineering the whole product it is possible to anticipate the adoption of the ultimate technologies Technology Acceleration Technology Performance Product Re-Engineering Product Evolution Time 30

31 Energy used and dissipated Vehicle Energy Demand 4% through higher efficency Loss of Energy ~ 84% 6% more useable energy through an overall energy management Average values for a medium-class passenger car in urban areas Useable Energy ~ 16% Wasted Energy Drive Train 3% Engine Heat and Exhaust Gases 84% Auxiliaries 3% Aerodynamic Resistance 3% Rolling Friction 4% Brake Energy 3% EE-VERT Concept: - Higher efficiency - Smart components - Overall energy management EE-VERT Benefit: Reduction of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by 10% Source: EUCAR EE-VERT Project 31

32 Hypothesis of BEV Evolution Today Regenerative Braking Aerodynamics Rolling Efficiency Weight Reduction PV Cells 32

33 Power Supply TODAY: Energy from Fuel pump FUTURE: Energy recover from the vehicle, from the infrastructure, from the environment (solar, wind,.) ENERGY CAPTURE SYSTEMS BATTERY INVERTER Electric Engine Generator Tank ICE 33

34 Vehicle Handling Siemens ecorner Energy Recovery Damper Source: Tuft University TODAY: Passive and active solutions, energy absorbing FUTURE: New active systems, to maximise efficiency and recover energy 34

35 Wheels Max Knight Walking Bike TODAY: passive solutions, compromise rolling resistance/handling/comfort FUTURE: active solutions, to zeroing the rolling resistance 35

36 New vehicles: new Issues but also new Opportunities New Green Vehicles will have a lower Carbon Footprint through: Eco-design Green Manufacturing Lean logistics Use of natural and recycled materials Natural Resources Eco-design, Design for Recycling Design for Recovery Design Reuse, Recycling Recovery NEW GREEN VEHICLES Green Manufacturing Manufacturing/ Product Collection Use 36

37 Breakthrough Concepts and Prototypes Source: MIT Source: Bombardier BRP Enable the possibility to design and develop new mobility solutions Source: PSA 37

38 Multi-stakeholders Integrated approach 38

39 THE NETWORK PUBLIC ADM. CONSORTIUM RESEARCH ENTERPRISE 39

40 TECHNOLOGICAL LAB This project is a sort of Technological Lab for testing innovative solutions for a sustainable urban mobility, endowed with the following technical and technological characteristics: ELECTRIC EFFICIENT AND TOTALLY RECYCLABLE FLEXIBLE MULTI-USE, FLEXIBLE IN USE AND CUSTOMIZATION 40

41 TECHNOLOGICAL SCOUTING AND BENCHMARKING CO2 ENERGY CONSUMPTION OIL DEPENDENCY NOISE POLLUTION TRAFFIC CONGESTION 1. MICRO & NANO TECHNOLOGIES 2. TELEMATICS 3. BIONICS 4. BIO-MATERIALS 5. PHOTOVOLTAIC 6. MECCATRONICS 7. HYDROGEN 41

42 VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE Upper body Split-frame architecture Aluminium Chassis and body construction in metal-plastic hybrid Powertrain Propulsion: Electric Transmission: 4WD Nominal Output: 27 kw Peak output: 54 kw Chassis Suspension Front/Rear: Double Wishbone push rod Breaking System: 4 discs regenerative breaking Stability active control: 4 independent wheels Differential: Electronic Tyres Front: 175/55/R15 ultra green Rear: 195/50/R15 ultra green Technologies Photovoltaic cells: 340W (on-board generated power) Fuel Cell system: 1kW (on-board generated power) Batteries: Lithium Ion or Lithium Polymers Headlamps: Chip-led 42

43 The name Phylla - meaning leaf in ancient Greek - aims to communicate the capacity to convert solar light into energy, and is the synthesis of all the different skills and competences, the result of the synergic cooperation of all the partners involved 43

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46 THANK YOU