MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Cell Membrane, Transport, Tonicity, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by A) proteins. B) glycolipids. C) phospholipids. D) cholesterol. 1) 2) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that 2) A) glucose cannot enter the cell. B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. C) plasma membranes must be very thick. D) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy. 3) Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false? 3) A) The plasma membrane has receptors for chemical messages. B) The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell. C) The plasma membrane plays a role in signal transduction. D) The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell. 4) All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane that is similar in and. 4) A) structure... function B) permeability... content C) lucidity... texture D) thickness... composition 5) Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by 5) A) osmosis. B) passive transport. C) pinocytosis. D) active transport. 6) Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of 6) A) endocytosis. B) active transport. C) passive transport. D) exocytosis. 7) Osmosis can be defined as 7) A) the diffusion of a solute. B) the diffusion of water. C) active transport. D) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules. 8) In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water, but not sucrose, to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur? A) Sucrose will leave the balloon. B) Water will leave the balloon. C) Water will enter the balloon. D) Sucrose will enter the balloon. 9) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment A) contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan. B) is hypertonic to the protozoan. C) is isotonic to the protozoan. D) is hypotonic to the protozoan. 8) 9) 1

2 10) A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution must be 10) A) isotonic to its environment. B) hypotonic to its environment. C) metabolically inactive. D) hypertonic to its environment. 11) In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will 11) A) shrivel. B) neither gain nor lose water. C) experience turgor. D) lyse. 12) You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean, and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result, 12) A) your cells become turgid. B) you dehydrate yourself. C) you quench your thirst. D) your cells lyse from excessive water intake. 13) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires and moves a substance its concentration gradient. A) transport proteins... down B) transport proteins... against C) energy and transport proteins... against D) energy and transport proteins... down 13) 14) The molecules responsible for membrane transport are 14) A) carbohydrates. B) steroids. C) proteins. D) phospholipids. 15) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive transport? 15) A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) Ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. D) The concentration gradient is the driving force. 16) Aquaporins 16) A) allow for the active transport of water. B) allow water to cross the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient. C) are found in all cells. D) allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion. 17) Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient? 17) A) active transport B) passive transport C) osmosis D) facilitated diffusion 18) The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is 18) A) pinocytosis. B) receptor-mediated endocytosis. C) osmosis. D) phagocytosis. 19) Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to 19) A) osmosis. B) drinking. C) lysis. D) chewing. 20) What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms? A) synthesizers B) heterotrophs C) chemotrophs D) autotrophs 20) 2

3 21) Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are 21) A) heterotrophs. B) fungi. C) chemosynthetic autotrophs. D) photoautotrophs. 22) What is the likely origin of chloroplasts? 22) A) prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria B) eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi C) photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells D) mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis 23) CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via 23) A) stomata. B) stroma. C) grana. D) thylakoids. 24) Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called 24) A) thylakoids. B) cristae. C) grana. D) vacuoles. 25) Plasma membranes are permeable to 25) A) large hydrophilic molecules such as starch. B) hydrophilic molecules such as glucose. C) small ions such as Na+. D) nonpolar molecules such as CO2. 26) In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads 26) A) are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water B) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water C) are hydrophobic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane D) are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane 27) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have and. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have. A) chloroplasts... cell walls... a nucleus B) centrioles... cell walls... large central vacuoles C) chloroplasts... cell walls... centrioles D) centrioles... chloroplasts... cell walls 27) 28) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits? 28) A) cytoplasm B) endoplasmic reticulum C) plasma membrane D) nuclear envelope 29) The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of 29) A) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. C) ribosomes and steroid hormones. D) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell. 3

4 30) The Golgi apparatus 30) A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. B) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown. C) stores, modifies, and packages proteins. D) strings together amino acids to produce proteins. 31) The function of mitochondria is 31) A) photosynthesis. B) intracellular digestion. C) cellular respiration. D) lipid synthesis. 32) According to this figure, which of the following is large enough to see in the light microscope? 32) 4

5 A) atoms B) proteins C) mitochondria D) viruses 33) What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis? 33) A) cellular respiration B) ATP C) electromagnetism D) light 34) The light reactions occur in the, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the. 34) A) stroma... nucleus B) stroma... thylakoid membranes C) thylakoid membranes... stroma D) cytoplasm... thylakoid membrane 35) Which of the following colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis? 35) A) green B) red C) blue D) orange 36) A packet of light energy is called a 36) A) photon. B) pigment. C) phaser. D) quantum. 37) Mitochondria transfer energy from to ATP; chloroplasts transform energy into the chemical energy of ATP. A) chemical... food... light B) food... light... nuclear C) light... food... kinetic D) food... light... chemical 37) 38) Photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from 38) A) carbon monoxide. B) carbon dioxide. C) methane. D) hydrocarbons. 39) The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is 39) A) anaerobic metabolism. B) cellular respiration. C) glycolysis. D) photosynthesis. 40) Plant cells 40) A) lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. B) lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts. C) have mitochondria and chloroplasts. D) have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts. 5

6 41) In this drawing of a chloroplast, which structure represents the thylakoid membrane? 41) A) structure A B) structure B C) structure C D) structure D 42) Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? 42) A) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts. B) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria. C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts. D) Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts. 43) How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? 43) A) They produce ATP. B) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. C) They produce glucose. D) The energy is coupled to oxygen. 44) The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is A) destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. B) lost in the form of heat. C) saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2 and O2. D) used to create light. 44) 45) Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? 45) A) oxygen and energy to make ATP B) oxygen and glucose C) oxygen and carbon dioxide D) energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide 46) Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is false? 46) A) Cellular respiration produces water. B) Cellular respiration releases heat. C) Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. D) Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step. 6

7 47) The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is 47) A) C6H12O6 + energy 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2. B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. D) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. 48) Humans use the calories they obtain from as their source of energy. 48) A) minerals B) food C) sunlight D) water 49) Which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell? 49) A) cell A B) cell B C) cell C D) cell D 50) Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy? 50) A) part A B) part B C) part C D) part D 7