Photosynthesis January 23 Feb 1, 2013 WARM-UP JAN 23/24. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1
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1 WARM-UP JAN 23/24 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1
2 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration What is the connection between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? Energy Production Inorganic Molecules Specialized Cells Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 2
3 How do we define photosynthesis? Photosynthesis the production of organic compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, using light energy and simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water Or the conversion of light energy into chemical energy CC 2 + H 2 O + LLLLL Chlllllhlll & EEEEEEE CH 2 O + O 2 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 3
4 Location of Photosynthesis Where do photosynthetic reactions occur within plant cells? Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 4
5 Endosymbiosis Theory Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 5
6 What are the photosynthetic structures common to all Chloroplasts? Double membrane forming outer Chloroplast Envelope Extensive system of internal membranes called Thylakoids (an intense green color) Small fluid filled spaces inside the thylakoids Colorless fluid around the thylakoids called Stroma (contains many different enzymes) Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 6
7 Most chloroplast contain stacks of thylakoids, called Grana. Starch grains or Lipid droplets are present in the stroma of chloroplasts that have been photosynthesizing rapidly. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 7
8 Photosynthetic Pigments How do we quantify the amount of light energy used during photosynthesis? Light is a form of Radiant Energy Complete range of radiant energy is Electromagnetic Spectrum Photons are measurable-individual packets of radiant energy An object s color results from the visible light photons it reflects Leaves absorb mostly photons of blue and red light and reflect mostly photons of green light, making them appear green to us. When a photon is absorbed it strikes an atom, then energy in the photon boosts one of the atom s electrons to a higher energy state. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 8
9 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 9
10 What is the relationship between the action spectrum and the absorption of photosynthetic pigments in green plants? Pigments Chlorophyll Carotenoids Photosystem Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 10
11 Photosynthesis January 23 Feb 1, 2013 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 11
12 HOMEWORK READ TEXTBOOK pages Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 12
13 WARM-UP JAN 29/30 In Your Own Words: Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Include in your response: The symbiotic relationship of Animals and Plants The major structures involved in each process The reactants and products of each process Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 13
14 Photosynthesis: The Major Stages What are the three major stages of photosynthesis? 1. Energy is captured from sunlight 2. Light energy is converted to chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) 3. Chemical energy is stored in organic molecules Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 14
15 Summation of Photosynthesis Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 15
16 The Light Dependent Stage What are the reactions of the Light Dependent Stage of Photosynthesis? Photosystem II Electron Transport Chain Photophosphorylation Photosystem I Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 16
17 Photosystem II Light Absorption Electron Capture Plastoquinone Splitting of H 2 O/Releasing O 2 Photolysis 2H 2 O O 2 + 4H + + 4e Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 17
18 Photosystem II uses ETC to make ATP ETC accepts e - from Photosystem II ETC pumps protons into Thylakoid Protons leave thylakoid via ATP Synthase Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 18
19 Photophosphorylation Definition: Structure: Thylakoid Specific Enzyme: ATP synthase Location of Enzyme: Inner Membrane Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 19
20 Photosystem I e - enter photosystem Chlorophyll is excited e - capture Plastocyanin NADP + NADPH Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 20
21 Big Picture: Photosystem II and Photosystem I Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 21
22 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 22
23 HOMEWORK READ TEXTBOOK pages Define: Chemiosmotic Theory Photosynthesis Chloroplasts Thylakoid Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoid Photosystem Plastoquinone Photolysis Calvin Cycle Photophosphorylation Absorption Spectrum Action Spectrum Limiting Factors for Photosynthesis Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 23
24 WARM-UP JAN 31/FEB 1 In Your Own Words: Give a summary of the light dependent stage of photosynthesis. Include in your answer the terms: Reductase Photosystem Photophosphorylation Oxidation Photolysis Plastoquinone Thylakoid Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 24
25 Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation in Light-Dependent Stage Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 25
26 Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation Specific Mechanism: Chemiosmosis H+ accumulation in Chloroplasts Proton gradient created across Thylakoid membranes ph gradient created across Thylakoid membranes Voltage gradient created across Thylakoid membranes First Step: reduced Plastoquinone carries e - Last Step: reduced Plastocyanin has accepted e - Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 26
27 Cyclic Photophosphorylation in Light-Dependent Stage Produces ATP via ETC & Redox Reactions Does NOT involve Photosystem II Does NOT produce NAPH Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 27
28 The Light Independent Stage What are the reactions of the Light Independent Stage of Photosynthesis? Light Independent Reactions are collectively referred to as the Calvin Cycle A series of Four Reactions In Stroma of the Chloroplast Driven by ATP, NADPH, & H + (produced during the LDS) Three CO 2 molecules are combined to form Glucose Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 28
29 The Calvin Cycle Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 29
30 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 30
31 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 31
32 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 32
33 Group Practice: Create a Diagram illustrating the structures and functions of each component of the Chloroplast. Include a description of each Light Dependent and each Light Independent reaction in your explanation of functions. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 33
34 The Concept of Limiting Factors How does each limiting factor affect photosynthetic rate when the factor is below the optimal level? Light Intensity Temperature Carbon Dioxide Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 34
35 The effect of CO 2 Concentration on Photosynthesis At low CO 2 concentrations As CO 2, Photosynthetic Rate At high CO 2 concentrations As CO 2, Photosynthetic Rate is unaffected by Co 2 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 35
36 The effects of Lights Intensity & Temperature on Photosynthesis Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 36
37 HOMEWORK WRITE AT HOME NOTES READ TEXTBOOK pages Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 37
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