Cells Composite. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Cells Composite Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Homeostasis is the regulation of body processes to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. On hot days, dogs will pant at increased rates because they have few sweat glands. Dogs pant in order to a. decrease their internal temperature b. increase their internal temperature c. maintain their internal salt balance d. maintain their internal water balance 2. The diagram below shows a plant cell during the four stages of mitosis, but the stages are out of order. What is the correct order for the stages of mitosis shown above? a b c d What kinds of molecules carry the instructions for protein synthesis? a. DNA and RNA b. amino acids c. lipids and carbohydrates d. enzymes 4. A student was looking at different kinds of cells through a microscope. He noticed that plant cells and animal cells have many structures in common, but the cells are also very different. Which of the following statements identifies one of the differences between plant cells and animal cells? a. Plant cells have cell walls but animal cells do not. b. Plant cells have cell membranes but animal cells do not. c. Plant cells have ribosomes but animal cells do not. d. Plant cells have vacuoles but animal cells do not. 5. In muscle cells, calcium ions are pumped through channels into the endoplasmic reticulum. These ions move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This is an example of a. osmosis b. diffusion 1

2 c. active transport d. passive transport 6. What organic compound is shown in the diagram shown below? a. lipid b. DNA c. protein d. RNA 7. Three substances were tested for three properties. The results are shown in the chart below. Unknown substance Dissolves in water? Stains dark with iodine? Leaves clear spot on brown paper, letting light through? Substance 1 Yes No No Substance 2 Yes Yes No Substance 3 No No Yes The results show that Substance 2 may be a a. lipid b. mineral c. starch d. protein 8. Sea lettuce is a green algae that lives in the ocean. Which of these statements best describes what would happen if sea lettuce cells were placed in distilled water? a. Salt would move into the cells. b. Salt would move out of the cells. c. Water would move into the cells. d. Water would move out of the cells. 9. It is important for snakes to maintain homeostasis, a steady state of internal conditions. One reason for a snake to move between shady and sunny areas is to maintain a. a relatively constant fluid level b. a relatively constant body temperature c. a salt balance equal to the environment d. a fluid level equal to the environment 10. The plant cell below contains two nuclei and is about to complete its division into two separate cells. 2

3 The arrow is pointing to a structure in the middle of the parent cell. What is this structure? a. a centriole b. a cell plate c. a chromosome d. a cleavage furrow 11. The basic structure of an organic molecule is shown below. What type of molecule is this? a. a lipid b. a protein c. a nucleic acid d. a carbohydrate 3

4 12. Which of these features would not be found in an animal cell. a. the nucleus b. chloroplasts c. the cytoplasm d. mitochondria 13. Food, water, and cellular wastes are stored primarily in the a. nucleus b. vacuole c. chloroplasts d. mitochondria 14. Which of these statements is true about plant and animal cells that are in the process of cell division? a. Most animal and plant cells develop a cell plate. b. Most animal and plant cells develop a cleavage furrow. c. Plant cells develop a cell plate and animal cells develop a cleavage furrow. d. Animal cells develop a cell plate and plant cells develop a cleavage furrow. 15. A cell requires energy to move materials from an area of low concentration, across the cell membrane, to an area of high concentration. This process is called a. osmosis b. active transport c. passive transport d. facilitated diffusion 16. Study the animal cell below. 4

5 In animal cells, the endoplasmic reticulum serves as a channel for the transport of materials through the cell. The outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum may be smooth or rough. Which cell structures cause the outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum to appear rough? a. ribosomes b. transport proteins c. mitochondria d. Golgi bodies 17. Which of these organelles modifies cell products and then packages them for distribution? a. the nucleus b. the cell membrane c. the mitochondrion d. the Golgi apparatus 18. Which two structures are not present in animal cells? a. a vacuole and a nucleus b. a cell wall and chloroplasts c. a Golgi apparatus and mitochondria d. an endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm 19. The diagram below shows the semipermeable membrane of a cell and the concentration of solutions inside and outside the cell. 5

6 Which of the following statements best describes how the molecules will move? a. Water molecules will move out of the cell. b. Water molecules will move into the cell. c. Solute molecules and water molecules will move out of the cell. d. Solute molecules and water molecules will move into the cell. 20. A student performed a test on two unknown samples. When she added Benedict's solution and heated each sample, only Sample B turned brick-red. 6

7 The color change the student observed in Sample B indicates the presence of a. a sugar b. an acid c. a starch d. an enzyme 21. Which of these is a substance that controls a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product? a. sugar b. starch c. a lipid d. an enzyme 22. Homeostasis is the tendency of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment. Kidneys help to maintain homeostasis by removing wastes and water from the blood. Which of these is most likely to occur if a person's kidneys suddenly stop functioning? a. an increase in stomach volume b. an increase in urine production c. a decrease in urine production d. a decrease in blood volume 23. The diagram below shows the phase of mitosis when the centrioles are at opposite poles of the cell and the chromosomes are lined up halfway between the centrioles. Which diagram shows the next phase of mitosis? a. c. 7

8 b. d. 24. Karen, a famous botanist, propagates thousands of spider plants in her greenhouses. She uses a small cluster of plant cells and grows them first in a nutrient base. Just a few cells eventually grow into a new plant. Which explanation BEST describes how this type of asexual reproduction can occur in many plants? a. Plants can grow in a nutrient medium and animal cells cannot. b. Plant cells go through the cell cycle a a much faster rate than any other types of cells. c. Plant cells are undifferentiated and under certain conditions, can differentiate into all three plants tissues. d. Plant cells differentiate immediately after fertilization; a small clump will contain all the cell types needed to grow a new plant. 25. Many plant cells have a single, large that is filled with fluid. a. central vacuole b. Golgi apparatus c. lateral attachment d. endoplasmic reticulum 26. You have an unknown solution you believe to contain a saturated fat, like the compound illustrated here. To be sure of your hunch, you should use an indicator known as to test the solution. a. Sudan red b. phenolphthalein c. Biuret solution d. Benedict s solution 27. What is the function of the cell s selectively permeable plasma membrane? a. It helps the cell to manufacture proteins. b. It regulates the amount of ATP the cell produces. c. It regulates what materials enter and leave the cell. d. It packages and stores most of the material in a cell. 8

9 28. A red blood cell placed in pure water will. 29. a. collapse b. lyse c. shrink d. remain the same size Identify which organelle is represented by G in the picture: a. nucleus b. vacuole c. ribosome d. Golgi apparatus 30. Which process MUST occur before mitosis and meiosis, produces two identical DNA strands from one original template, and uses DNA polymerase enzyme to produce the copy? a. DNA translation b. DNA replication c. DNA conjugation d. DNA transcription 31. Which of these organic molecules functions to help speed up biological chemical reactions? a. lipids b. proteins c. nucleic acids d. carbohydrates 32. A plant cell remains unchanged in shape or size when it is kept in a solution. What kind of solution is it? a. distilled water b. isotonic solution c. hypotonic solution d. hypertonic solution 33. 9

10 During the cell cycle, specifically G 1 interphase, a cell must reach a sufficient size and produce enough ATP in order to a. undergo mitosis b. undergo cytokinesis c. produce 2 daughter cells d. replicate its chromosomes 34. Reusable, complex proteins that promote chemical reactions within cells are called a. enzymes b. ihnibitors c. regulators d. steroids. 35. What type of biomolecule is being produced at the ribosome? a. lipid b. protein 10

11 c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acid 36. In some freshwater organisms there is a structure called a contractile vacuole (CV) that regulates water movement into and out of the cell. What explains the existence of the CV? a. The CV prevents the organism from drying out. b. The CV assists the organism in capturing prey. c. The CV helps the organism move through the water. d. The CV helps the organism maintain osmotic pressure. 37. Both DNA and RNA nucleotides contain three basic components. Nucleotides contain all of the components listed EXCEPT a. amino acids b. a 5-carbon sugar c. nitrogenous bases d. a phosphate group 38. As a cell grows, the surface area to volume (SA:V) decreases and the cell must divide or die. The decreased SA:V ratio would affect all BUT a. osmosis into and out of the cell. b. the efficiency of signaling proteins. c. the number of stages involved in cell division. d. the functioning of the cytoskeleton transport system. 39. Active Enzyme + (1) (2) + (3) a. (1) Product (2) Substrate (3) Active Enzyme b. (1) Substrate (2) Product (3) Active Enzyme c. (1) Substrate (2) Product (3) Inactive Enzyme d. (1) Product (2) Substrate (3) Inactive Enzyme 40. Karen is working with an unknown organic substance. She mixes a sample of the substance with Benedict's solution and heats it. The mixture changes from blue to a orange/red color. Based on the test results, Karen can conclude that the unknown substance is a a. lipid b. protein c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acid 41. Molecule Energy Released Glucose 4 kcal/gram 11

12 Sucrose 4 kcal/gram Lipid Protein 9 kcal/gram 4 kcal/gram 42. If you ate a jelly doughnut for breakfast, the largest component of the energy would come from the a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. sugars 43. The figure shows a classic experiment that demonstrates the principle of osmosis. The left side of the U- tube is filled half-way with 10% red sugar water. Into the tube on the right, distilled water is poured until it is even with the red sugar water. A semi-permeable membrane is placed in the brown area. Predict what will happen in the U-tube after several hours. a. The membrane in the middle will melt away and both sides will mix. b. Both sides will become 5% red sugar water, and will be at equal marks on the U- tube given enough time. c. The left side of the tube will remain red, but rise in volume, as the right side of the tube falls in volume. The distilled water will dilute the sugar water. d. The left side will remain red, but it will fall. The right side will remain clear, but it will rise, as water moves from the 10% sugar water to the distilled water. 12

13 Students in Mr. Johnson s class were using the microscope to study organisms found in a sample of pond water. One student found this specimen: stentor. This protist is relatively large. According to the scale, we would expect stentor to be about a. 2 centimeters b. 200 micrometers (microns) c. 400 millimeters d. 600 micrometers (microns) 13