Biogas from Municipal Organic Waste

Transcription

1 Biogas from Municipal Organic Waste Industry Overview BANZ Workshop Christchurch, 13 May 2010 by Guenter Wabnitz

2 Anaerobic Bacteria the most efficient converters of biosolids into useful energy Page 2

3 Sustainability: Energy + Water + Earth + Air = Life BANZ Biogas Committee NZ / international progress landfills waste water treatment recycling trends NZ potential benefits the way forward role of communities Watercare: Mangare Waste Water Treatment Plant with NZ s largest biogas plant producing max 18 MW ( thermal) or 7 MW (el.) Page 3

4 BANZ Biogas Interest Group inauguration July 2008 Committee started Nov 2008 reviewed market assisted BANZ on strategy organised workshops point of contact provision of information biogas website BANZ Biogas Workshop Hamilton July 2008 Fonterra s pond digester in Tirau NZ s largest pond digester with a maximum rating of 6000 kw (thermal) Page 4

5 International Comparison: EU Biomass Page 5

6 Biogas Consumption by Different Economies in 2008 Energy Statistics at about 2008 EU 25 Germany UK NZ Population in Million Land in 1000 km2 4, Land per person in ha Consumer Energy Mtoe 1, Consumer Energy PJ 48,468 8,805 6, Consumer Energy GJ/Person Biogas Use in PJ GDP per Capita PPP 2008 USD * $29,729 $35,613 $37,000 $27,300 Biogas / Energy usage 0.51% 1.13% 1.10% 0.79% PPP=Purchasing Power Parity * World Bank Figures Page 6

7 Annual Biogas Use in GJ/ Person by Country 2007/ EU25 (2007) GJ/person Germany GJ/person UK GJ/person NZ (2008) GJ/person Landfill Sewage Rural Total Page 7

8 CNG The Role of Biogas in the NZ Bioenergy Industry Biogas Page 8

9 Landfill Gas Extraction in NZ starting in the early 1990s Novagas LFG Flares Wellington Landfill 2008 innovation: biosolids composting Page 9

10 Landfill Gas Utilisation Today power generation modular units grid connected Todd Energy s LFG Generator on Wellington Landfill 2008 Page 10

11 Waste Water Treatment Plants Sewage Gas mature technology (early 1900s) anaerobic digestion of biosolids incineration of remaining biosolids vitrification of ash utilised in construction Waste Water Treatment Plant Hamburg 2008 Page 11

12 Sludge Technologies ongoing research improved technologies reduced emissions reduced plant sizes improved flexibility reduced costs IFAT Munich 2008 Page 12

13 MBT Mechanical Biological Treatment Waste segregation: MBT Plant Lübeck, Germany Page 13

14 Maximum Recycling MBT Plant Lübeck, Germany Inputs: Restmüll remaining waste Outputs: energy recyclable materials compost digestate and non-recyclable to landfill Page 14

15 Sustainable Communities: Waste to Energy Key Benefits holistic infrastructure concepts recycling of materials reduced emissions to air, water and land support of local economy carbon neutral energy reduced dependency from fuel imports local market choices optimised land use reduced landfill space local use of power and heat appreciation of local ecology application of appropriate, proven technology Page 15

16 Biogas Utilisation in New Zealand Today: power generation CNG in Dhaka, Bangladesh Tomorrow: co-generation of power and heat high value biogas utilisation, e.g. CNG heat utilisation in waste processing combination with industrial processes, e.g. wood drying biogas upgrading to natural gas specification Page 16

17 Remaining Reserves PJ Years of Reserves at Current Production Rate Annual Production PJ Reserves PJ ,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Strategic New Zealand Biogas Developments 0 NZ Gas Production and Reserves Year Year NZ Gas Reserves ,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Page 17 Production Reserves Reserves Years of Reserve current natural gas demand 150 PJ current communal biogas production 4 PJ a) improved communal biosolids management b) co-digestion of communal, industrial and rural waste c) tail-end rural biogas d) front-end biogas from energy crops e) mix with wood gas f) connection to gas transmission system g) storage in exploited gas reservoirs

18 Conclusion: Rural and Communal Biogas BIRO, near Hannover, Germany: 2.5 MW (thermal) biogas treatment for local grid connection holistic infrastructure planning landfills turning into recycling and energy centres larger scale better economics better utilisation of communal digesters co-digestion of communal, industrial and rural organic waste treatment of biogas to natural gas specification syngas from local wood waste supplementing biogas Page 18