Iran Low Particulate Emissions

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1 1 Jorge Soria Galvarro, M.Sc Senior Technical Adviser Vehicle Regulations Scania R&D David Raymand, PhD Senior Development Engineer Catalytic converter and particulate filter performance Scania R&D

2 SCANIA since

3 EU Emissions Regulation successively lower emissions in European legislation 3 Particle number g/kwh NOx Euro IV Euro III Euro III Euro VI 2 Euro V Regulated Fuel quality 1 Euro VI Particulate mass g/kwh 0.10 Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI 300 ppm S 50 ppm S 10 ppm S

4 EU Emissions Regulation successively lower emissions in European legislation 4 Particle number g/kwh NOx Euro III + Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI Particulate mass g/kwh Euro III Euro VI Euro III+ Regulated Fuel quality Euro III 300 ppms S Euro IV 50 ppm S Euro V 10 ppm S Euro VI

5 Challenges for EuVI 5 Stricter limits as presented in previous slides Stronger requirements on on-board diagnostics (two examples): Correct on-board monitoring of NO X by continuous measurement of NO X using vehicle sensors Euro VI step C adds continuous monitoring of PM-emissions (technology neutral may be with soot sensor or otherwise equivalent method) All components affecting emissions have to be monitored by OBD Both increases in engine emissions and decreases aftertreatment capability must be diagnosed and handled

6 OBD NO X -sensor Tempsensor 6 VGT Tempsensor Tempsensor UDS NO X -sensor charge air DOC EGR valve dp-sensor High pressure fuel pump MAF Throttle Coolant temp Fuel pressure All components affecting emissions have to be monitored by OBD

7 Scania Proposal for approval of new type exhaust aftertreatment 7 Euro VI regulation is the first regulation in the world to regulate PN emissions. The PN measurement method was developed in Europe after eight years research program. The PN measurement test procedure for Euro VI regulation is described in UNECE R49 rev 6 Annex 4 paragraph 10. The PN measurement equipments requirements for Euro VI regulation is described in UNECE R49 rev 6 Annex 4 Appendix 8. The test condition for engine with exhaust aftertreatment system described in R49 Rev. 4 Annex 4 section 6.6 shall be used. Test cycles according to R49 Rev 5 Annex 4A for Euro IV The method is so far the most robust method for PN measurement, with sufficient sensitivity and reliability. We recommend that Iran adapt the R49 PN measurement method for a national PN related regulation, the same method will be used in a later stage when Iran will enforce Euro VI level regulations. Base on the corresponding engine and aftertreatment technology and actual test cycle we propose particle number emission limit of 8x10e12

8 8 What does Scania stand for? Low emissions Low fuel consumption High reliability High uptime Scania was the world s first manufacturer to introduce serial production of Euro VI trucks and buses in 2011, the toughest environmental norm to this date. Resources corresponding to more than 5000 man years of development where invested in this achievement, ensuring the lowest fuel consumption and highest reliability ever measured on our product range The Scania Eu VI system offers passive regeneration and regenerates the while in service

9 9 Scania Solutions Developing fully integrated engine + after treatment is part of Scanias core competence Scania has proved several times that we are able to meet stricter emissions regulation while improving customer business case => Lower emissions and lower operating cost We currently have on-going collaborations with all of the principal catalyst suppliers We are actively monitoring new technology to be able to supply our customers with the best possible solution

10 10 Main technical challenge for Iran Solution must perform with current fuel quality and projected fuel quality Secondhand value rely on that the used vehicle is competitive with newer offerings Solution must be fully integrated There is no need to tamper with a EuVI system: It just works! System must be fully integrated with vehicle diagnostics with clear driver alerts

11 11 Driver alerts for EuVI -system The driver gets clear advice on what to do to protect the vehicle from low performance or damage. The indications cannot be ignored since they are presented directly in front of the driver.

12 Timeplan for new Aftertreatment System Lead time for a completely new AT-system Research Product industrialisation Launch New AT-system Finding and optimizing catalysts for available fuel Control strategy Service methods Field trials - verification Optimization of production tooling Final calibration of engines for optimal fuel consumption Parts available in the market 18 months of concept development ~3.5 yrs needed for industrialization For a new after treatment system specifically for Eu III/IV with Final product could have similar performance as current offerings 12

13 Timeplan for adapted Aftertreatment System Lead time for a adapted AT-system Research Product industrialisation Launch Adapted Scania AT-system for Eu III/IV Iran Finding and optimizing catalysts for available fuel Control strategy Service methods Field trials - verification Optimization of production tooling Final calibration of engines for optimal fuel consumption Parts available in the market ~ 1 yrs of research ~1.5 yrs needed for development and durability testing For a modified Scania system modified for Eu III/IV with Final product would have similar performance as current offerings Final product would not affect load carrying capacity or chassi flexibilty 13

14 15 Exhaust treatment components DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Oxidizes hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to water and CO 2 Diesel Particulate Filter Removes particles from the exhaust. Breaks down PM to CO 2 UDS Urea Dosing System Injects liquid Urea to exhaust module Turns liquid Urea to gaseous ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Catalyst that breaks down NO X using ammonia ASC Ammonia Slip Catalyst Removes excess ammonia from emissions

15 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance 16 DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 Module 2 Volume A ASC A ASC Volume B Volume C

16 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Euro III 17 DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 Module 2 Volume A ASC A ASC Volume B Volume C

17 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Euro IV 18 DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 Module 2 Volume A ASC A ASC Volume B Volume C

18 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Euro V 19 DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 Module 2 Volume A ASC A ASC Volume B Volume C

19 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Euro VI 20 DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 Module 2 Volume A ASC ASC Volume B Volume C

20 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Possible new additions Euro IV (S tolerant) 21 Burner unit DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 DOC (S tolerant) Module 2 Volume A ASC Volume B Volume C ASC A New demands require new additions to toolbox

21 Scania Aftertreatment toolbox Components with verified performance Euro IV + (S tolerant) 22 Burner unit DOC (max 10ppm S) (max 10 ppm S) Module 1 DOC (S tolerant) Module 2 Volume A ASC A ASC Volume B Volume C

22 Development method for adding catalyst to Toolbox 23 Weeks Design of experiment Sample manufacture of prototype catalyst Test Engine/Lab. reactor Analysis Aftertreatment development yrs Research J F M A M J J A S O N Project definition Catalyst development iteration #1 Concept FMEA Service FMEA New legislation communicated Control strategy % Diagnostics Development Catalyst development iteration #2 D 2016 typical 2 year lead time Catalyst development iteration #3 1.5 yrs Industrialisation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Verification Optimization Industrialization New legislation into effect

23 Development method for adding catalyst to Toolbox 24 Weeks Design of experiment Sample manufacture of prototype catalyst Test Engine/Lab. reactor Aftertreatment development 1 yrs Research 015 J F M A M J J A S O N Project definition Catalyst development iteration #1 amount of time as component development Concept FMEA Service FMEA Control strategy % Diagnostics Development Catalyst development iteration #2 D 2016 Catalyst development iteration #3 Analysis The majority of the time is spent in industrialisation and verification New legislation communicated Software development takes the same typical 2 year lead time 1.5 yrs Industrialisation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Verification Optimization Industrialization New legislation into effect

24 25 Retro-fit solutions as factory option? All components Scania delivers with the vehicle covered by warranty must meet our demands All components on a Scania vehicle has passed our verification process. -> Retro-fit solutions is not necessarily a quicker path. Retro-fit solutions must be verified like any other component. Modifying an existing Scania system usually saves time since the majority of the verification is already finished, e.g. shake tests

25 Essential verifications 26 Emissions performance Must meet legislation regardless the configuration. Functional performance Must work as an integrated component. OBD and other software functionality must be thoroughly tested. Mechanical durability Structural integrity must be guaranteed, even for very tough conditions e.g. high speeds on bumpy roads Climate durability 1 year is required to perform one winter test and one summer test. Typical it requires two cycles, one for development and one for verification. Verification of factory-fit equipment is necessary regardless of whether system is retro-fit based or original equipment

26 27 Main message Legislation should be technology neutral to allow for best possible solution for the customer. Therefore the test method in the legislation should be base on the regulation UNECE R49 R49 rev 6 Annex 4 paragraph 10 R49 rev 6 Annex 4 Appendix 8 R49 Rev. 4 Annex 4 section 6.6 R49 Rev 5 Annex 4A for Euro IV Base on the corresponding engine and aftertreatment technology and actual test cycle we propose particle number emission limit of 8x10e12 ( Please note that the PN number level of 8x10e11 correspond to Euro VI engine technology and Euro VI test cycles) Scania actively evaluates new advanced filtration concepts looking for superior s. Development work already started to expand SCANIA modular toolbox Best solution may change as technology develops.