An expanding and expansive view of computing, and the human-technology frontier

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1 An expanding and expansive view of computing, and the human-technology frontier Jim Kurose Assistant Director, NSF Computer & Information Science & Engineering IEEE 1st International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies: CHASE-SEARCH 2016 June 2016 Image Credit: Exploratorium.

2 Overview NSF/CISE overview An expanding and expansive view of computing NSF Big Ideas Smart and connected health Conclusion

3 National Science Foundation s Mission To promote the progress of science; to advance the na5onal health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the na5onal defense...

4 Computing Frontiers, National Priorities Image Credit: CCC and SIGACT CATCS Big Data R&D White House Ini-a-ves Image Credit: Texas Advanced Compu-ng Center Na;onal Strategic Compu;ng Ini;a;ve Image Credit: Eliza Grinnell/Harvard SEAS Image Credit: ThinkStock Image Credit: US Ignite Image Credit: Calvin Lin, Professor of Computer Science, University of Texas, Aus;n Manufacturing, Robo;cs, & Smart Systems Understanding the Brain Smart Ci;es Computer Science Educa;on

5 CISE Organization CISE Directorate Jim Kurose, AD Erwin Gianchandani, DAD Senior Advisor for Research Cyberinfrastructure Peter Arzberger Senior Advisor for Data Science Chaitan Baru Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (ACI) Computing and Communication Foundations (CCF) Computer and Network Systems (CNS) Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS) Irene Qualters, DD Rao Kosaraju, DD Ken Calvert, DD Lynne Parker, DD Data Algorithmic Founda;ons Computer Systems Research Cyber Human Systems High Performance Compu;ng Communica;on and Informa;on Founda;ons Networking Technology and Systems Informa;on Integra;on and Informa;cs Networking/ Cybersecurity SoNware and Hardware Founda;ons Educa;on and Workforce Development Robust Intelligence SoNware

6 CISE by the Numbers: FY 2015 $933 M FY 2015 research budget 23% success rate 1,887 awards 7,302 senior researchers 1,278 other professionals 8,039 proposals 498 postdoctoral associates 342 panels 17,868 people supported 6,423 graduate students 2,367 undergraduate students

7 NSF Support of Academic Basic Research (as a percentage of total federal support) All Science and Engineering Fields 24% Physical Sciences Engineering 40% 41% Environmental Sciences Mathematics Social Sciences Biology 59% 61% 67% 68% Computer Science 82% Source: NSF/NCSES, Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development, FY 2014

8 From Federally-funded Motorola Research AMD Intel Qualcomm HP Symantec Juniper Texas Instruments to Billion Dollar Industries nvidia Apple iphone Dell ebay Akamai Yahoo! Facebook Twitter Microsoft Cisco Amazon Google V Personal Computing Internet & Web Advances in computing, communications and information technologies, and cyberinfrastructure: drive U.S. competiveness, (e.g., IT accounts for 25% of economic growth since 1995), and have profound impacts on our daily lives Industry Product ($B,$10B) From Continuing Innovation in Information Technology, NRC, Software Technologies University Networking

9 . across many industries Motorola Qualcomm Texas Instruments nvidia iphone AMD Intel HP Symantec Apple Dell ebay Akamai Yahoo! IBM Electronic Arts Juniper Facebook Twitter VMware HP Adobe Autodesk Microsoft XBox Cisco Amazon Oracle nvidia Pixar Google ipod Nuance irobot Intuitive Surgical Broadband & Mobile Microprocessors Personal Computing Internet & Web Cloud Computing Enterprise Systems Entertainment & Design Robotics & Assistive Technologies Digital Communications Computer Architecture Software Technologies Networking Parallel & Distributed Systems Databases Computer Graphics AI & Robotics 1965

10 and this impact will con;nue Top twelve economically disrup-ve technologies (by 2025) Available at: h[p:// func-ons/ business- technology/our- insights/disrup-ve- technologies

11 Many STEM jobs are in computing Physical sciences Social sciences Math Life sciences Engineers Computer occupa-ons Job Openings (growth and replacement) US Bureau of Labor Sta-s-cs Data from the spreadsheet linked at h[p:// occ- matrix/occupa-on.xlsx

12 Growth in CS Undergrad Majors Number of students 30K 20K Newly declared undergrad CS/CE majors 30K 10K Year Source: 2015 CRA Taulbee Survey

13 An amazing time to be in CISE! Ubiquity Computing is everywhere across all of science and engineering, and all of society Engagement Computing intertwines with many communities Urgency Computing is rapidly expanding and evolving. There is tremendous opportunity now!

14 Overview NSF/CISE overview An expanding and expansive view of computing NSF Big Ideas Smart and connected health Conclusion

15 An expanding, expansive view of computing Theore-cal founda-ons Algorithms Programming languages Learning Systems: networks, OS, DB Data to knowledge to ac-on Societal impacts CISE founda,ons Computa-onal science Sogware Security Intelligence Computa-onal neuroscience Informa-on sys Communica-on, control

16 An expanding, expansive view of computing Human- centered compu,ng Assistive technologies, affective computing, social informatics, mind/machine interface, brain beyond HCI beyond electrical Nano, quantum, molecular, optical, neuromorphic human computer interfaces CISE technology building blocks: electrical, CMOS Changing physicalness of compu,ng Science, societal applica,ons S&E, humanities, health, security, environment, energy, transport, commerce, education stove- piped applica-ons plajorms, systems: PCs, servers integrated, resilient applica-ons beyond the box Smart vehicles & buildings, cyber-physical systems, swarms, mobile/cloud Compu,ng embedded around us

17 The Internet of Things (IoT) Building on the foundations of advances in cyber-physical systems and wireless technologies Integration of networked computing systems, physical devices, embedded sensors, data sources, and infrastructure IoT technical foundations: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) research pioneered by NSF more than a decade ago and continuing today Wireless communications research and development including crossagency efforts for advanced wireless Important research considerations: resiliency, robustness, security, safety, privacy Builds on previous investments in NSF/Intel Partnership on CPS Security and Privacy Image Credit: NSF

18 Overview NSF/CISE overview An expanding and expansive view of computing NSF Big Ideas Smart and connected health Conclusion

19 NSF Big Ideas RESEARCH IDEAS Harnessing Data for 21 st Century Science and Engineering Shaping the New Human Technology Fron-er Understanding the Rules of Life: Predic-ng Phenotype The Quantum Leap: Leading the Next Quantum Revolu-on Naviga-ng the New Arc-c Windows on the Universe: The Era of Mul-- messenger Astrophysics PROCESS IDEAS Growing Convergent Research at NSF Mid- scale Research Infrastructure NSF 2050 *Video of NSB presenta-on and discussion is at: h[p:// gsid=2957&type=flv&test=0&live=0 (Big Ideas are discussed star-ng about 20 minutes into this video) *Also see Science ar-cle by Jeffrey Mervis (May 10, 2016) at: h[p:// director- unveils- big- ideas- eye- next- president- and- congress.

20 Harnessing the Data Revolu;on Embodiment of innova5ons in robust, comprehensive, open, science- driven, CI ecosystem: accelera-ng data- intensive research, including large- scale facili-es Fundamental research: mathema5cs, sta5s5cs, computer & computa5onal science Fundamental research: algorithms, systems data discovery, integra-on; predic-ve analy-cs, data mining, machine learning; data seman-cs; open data- centric architectures, systems; data integrity, access; benchmark data sets; privacy, human- data interface Data- intensive domain research: use advances in data science and CI to further research Development, evalua5on of innova5ve learning opportuni5es, educa5onal pathways: grounded in an educa-on- research- based framework

21 Human- Technology Fron;ers Compu,ng will be embedded around, on, and in us. These engineered systems will be more pervasive, more personal, more in,mate. Humans are shaping technology, and at the same,me, technology is shaping human interac,on. Individuals, organiza,ons, society The combined strengths of humans and computers can achieve a wide range of individual and societal benefits, including improved health and well- being, increased safety and security, and enhanced learning, educa,on, and training.

22 Human- Technology Fron;ers Inter- disciplinary, convergent research will be required:

23 Science and engineering challenges Human- technology interac5on: improving human perceptual, cogni-ve, physical, and collabora-ve capabili-es. Intelligent reasoning sogware: from data to knowledge to ac-on (personal, community, commercial). Energy efficiency, 5ed to computa5onal cloud: embedded edge device, neuromorphic compu-ng. Educa5on, workforce: lifelong learning in technology- rich spaces. Robustness, reliability, and scalability: hardware, sogware architectures. Security, privacy, trust: by design. New algorithms, approaches. Testbeds: living labs for human- centered evalua-on. Smart and connected communi-es, INFEWS. Societal: changing nature of work, human- technology autonomy. Broad, mul,- disciplinary sociotechnical challenges across all disciplines

24 Overview NSF/CISE overview An expanding and expansive view of computing NSF Big Ideas Smart and connected health Conclusion

25 Smart and Connected Health (SCH) Accelerating development of innovative approaches to transform healthcare & enhance health Supports fundamental technical and scientific challenges: preventive, proactive, evidence-based, personalized, personcentered and focused on health and well-being. Cross-Directorate and CrossAgency Solicitation: NSF CISE, ENG, SBE with 6 NIH institutes, offices Image Credit: Cockrell School of Engineering

26 Smart and Connected Health (SCH) Use-inspired fundamental research: Data: Automated and augmented insight, discovery, evidence-based decision support and health services Data, information systems enabling people to play substantial role in their own health, treatment Monitoring and enhancing health: Assisting individuals with intelligent systems, including sensors, devices, robotics : function, independence Quest for Basic Understanding Neils Bohr Luis Pasteur Thomas Edison Applica-on Inspired Donald E. Stokes, Pasteur's Quadrant Basic Science and Technological Innova,on, Brookings Ins,tu,on Press, 1997

27 Smart and Connected Health Research Areas Digital Health Infrastructure Informa5cs and Infrastructure Integra-on of EHR, clinical and pa-ent data Access to informa-on, data harmoniza-on Seman-c representa-on, fusion, visualiza-on Data to Knowledge to Decision Reasoning under uncertainty Data- mining and machine learning Inference, cogni-ve decision support system Bringing raw image data to clinical prac-ce Empowered Individuals Energized, enabled, educated Sensors, Devices, and Robo;cs Sensor- based actua5on Systems for empowering pa-ents Models of readiness to change State assessment from images and video Assis-ve technologies embodying computa-onal intelligence Medical devices, co- robots, cogni-ve ortho-cs, rehab coaches

28 SCH Portfolio 156 awards 104 projects

29 CyberCardia : Virtual-heart platform to improve cardiac therapies CPS Fron-er award: $1.2M over 5 years to improve and accelerate medical- device development and tes-ng for cardiac care PIs: Smolka, Grosu, Glimm (SUNY at Stony Brook), Clarke (Carnegie Mellon University), Cherry (Rochester Ins-tute of Technology), Cleaveland (University of Maryland), Fenton (Georgia Tech), Mangharam (University of Pennsylvania), Dixit (University of Pennsylvania), Ray (Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Sogware Engineering)

30 Smart biosensor to predict sickle cell disease crises CISE Research Ini-a-on Ini-a-ve (CRII) SCH award to develop a point- of- care solu-on to monitor abnormal blood ac-vi-es in sickle cell disease. Monitoring of cell sickling events in sickle cell disease Project is developing and tes-ng a unique portable plajorm that senses, analyzes, and transmits informa-on from blood samples to providers through smartphones for diagnos-cs and customized therapeu-cs. PI: E Sarah Du, Florida Atlan-c University

31 Convergence and Healthcare Convergence signifies a broad rethinking of how scien-fic research can be conducted in order to capitalize on a range of knowledge bases, from microbiology to computer science to engineering and design. In other words, the Convergence Revolu-on does not rest on a par-cular scien-fic advance but on a new integrated approach for achieving advances. Recent reports from NRC, MIT outline how convergence research strategies can impact life sciences and healthcare Connected health: the convergence of computing and health/clinical research Effective SCH solutions demand multidisciplinary teams ready to leverage expertise of technical, behavioral and clinical issues Convergence: The Future of Health Convergence Convergence: The Future of Health. June 2016, Cambridge, Massachuse[s. Available at: h[p:// report/. I

32 An amazing time to be in CISE! Ubiquity Computing is everywhere across all of science and engineering, and all of society Engagement Computing intertwines with many communities Urgency Computing is rapidly expanding and evolving. There is tremendous opportunity now!

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