Energy Storage: From Compressed air Energy Storage to E-Mobility

Transcription

1 Energy Storage: From Compressed air Energy Storage to E-Mobility Energiespeicher: Von Druckluftspeichern und Elektroautos Dr. Peter Radgen, E.ON Energie AG, Technology Policy, New Technologies, Munich, Germany User Forum Power Plant Technology, Tuesday 21. April 2009, Hannover Messe

2 Integration of Wind power by Energy Storage Feed-in [MW] Example Variation of wind power: Maximum daily wind power feed into the E.ON grid Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Max MW Min. 99 MW In some cases wind power can not be taken by the grid due to grid congestion and wind power plants has to be shut off Actually energy storage (pumped hydro) and wind power feed not geographically co-located 2

3 High Voltage Transmission Lines in Germany During high wind, parts of the high voltage transmission lines are already overloaded. Grid extension or large scale energy storage is required to remove grid congestion and to avoid shut off of wind power plants. 3

4 Expected Impact of Wind Capacity Extension until

5 Energy Storage Value Chains Possible Value Chains for Energy Storage Demand Fluctuations Transmission Congestion Stochastic Supply Baseload Arbitrage 5

6 Overview of Installed Storage Systems Worldwide Type of Storage Installed Capacity Share of capacity Specific cost Pumped hydro MW el 99.29% 600 Euro/kW el Compressed Air Energy Storage 477 MW el 0.43% Euro/kW el (diabatic- adiabatic) Sodium-Sulfur-Batteries 150 MW el 0.14% 1500 Euro/kW el Lead-acid Batteries 125 MW el 0.11% 180 Euro/kW el Redoxflow Batteries 38 MW el 0.03% 800 Euro/kW el Lithium Ion Batteries 2000 Euro/kW el 6

7 What is needed for work? Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant Renewable Wind Energy Methan 7

8 First of it s kind CAES Power Plant Huntorf 8

9 Schematic Plant Layout CAES Plant Huntorf Sliding pressure concept (before retrofit) Charging mode: 8 h with 2.5 bar/h 46 to 66 bar, max. 72 bar 108 kg/s Discharging mode: 2 h with 10 bar/h 66 to 46 bar 417 kg/s 1 Air-storage cavern 2 HP combustion chamber 3 HP turbine 4 LP combustion chamber 5 LP turbine 6 Generator/motor 7 LP compressor (axial 20 stages) 8 Intercooler 9 HP compressor (centrifugal 6 stages) 10 Aftercooler 11 Gearbox 12 Coupling Caverns: 2x m 3 usable volume Originally 290 MW single shaft concept Actual rating after revamp in 2007 is 321 MW 9

10 Number of Starts totalling more than 8300 in 30 Years 10

11 Challenges Use Driver Electric Mobility Low emissions at point of use (Fine particles) CO 2 Emission reduction compared to internal combustion engine; 88 g CO2 /km for E.ON Electricity Mix 2006 Possibility to use broad variety of fuels 90% of driving distances of private cars below 25 km Driving distance secondary cars around 30 km/day, 11,000 km/year Annual electricity consumption of secondary car would be around 2000 kwh, equal to half the average consumption of a 4 person household Infrastructure for charging to be installed (Charging Stations / Battery exchange service) Use of vehicle batteries for control power and backup services possible Charging during nighttime enables low cost electricity tariff for mobility Source: 1st electric car (G. Trouvé, France, 1881) 11

12 Vehicle to Grid Concepts Renewable Energies Conventional Power Supply Status Quo: (controlled) charging Use of vehicles connected to the grid: controlled charging/discharging Vehicle Loading Station Battery Smart Zähler Meter/ Load Management Household 12

13 Load curve based on charging of electric vehicles Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So Power Requirement Leistungsbedarf 7 GW 6 GW 5 GW 4 GW 3 GW 2 GW Market Markteinführung entry City Stadtverkehr traffic Assumptions Charging directly after use Majority of cars charged with 3 kw 1 GW 0 GW Mon Tue Di Wed Mi Thu Do Fri Sat Sun So Energy consumption 20 kwh / 100 km Control of charging times required from the viewpoint of the supply system Source: Study of Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft e.v on behalf of E.ON Energie 13

14 Relevance of Plugin-hybrid and electric vehicles as storage option for wind power in the northern part of Germany Total number of cars: 5 Mio. For the market penetration scenario the following storage capacity can be expected: In 2030: 0,07 TWh In 2050: 0,3 TWh Possible storage volume limited For Back-up Power and Control Energy (actually positive Back-up and Control Energy + 6,9 GW, negative Back-up and Control Energy 6,1 GW) is the storage capacity of electric vehicles sufficient. Source: Fraunhofer ISI 14

15 Electric vehicles at the electricity spot market ct/kwh EEX-Preis Akkuladestand kwh Assumptions 25 kwh-battery 11 kw 3 phase charging Minimum battery capacity 1 5 level of 10 kwh % Availability Revenue of 0.88 at the date shown above Possible revenues in the range of 100 to 300 per year Technology cost to be paid from these revenues Increased charging cycles may reduce the lifetime of the battery 15

16 Realization of 2 Fleet tests for Demonstration 20 Cars VW Twindrive Duration: Location: Wolfsburg and Potsdam Test of 4 Typs of Li-Ion Batteries Plug-In Hybrid with range extender (TDi) Electric travel distance ~50 km Connection of smart meter technology and on board battery management 15 Cars BMW Mini E Duration: Location: Munich Full electric vehicle Electric travel distance ~150 km Installation and operation of public charging stations 16