Pump Storage Technology

Transcription

1 Energy Pump Storage Technology The Situation in Germany Dr. Albert Ruprecht Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinery University of Stuttgart, Germany

2 Contents Pump storage power plants Storage demand in Germany Status quo in Germany Comparison to alternative storage technologies Technical concepts New PSP projects The planed power plant Atdorf Conclusions

3 Typical Pump Storage Scheme Power: P g HQ

4 Turbine mode Typical Pump Storage Scheme

5 Pump mode Typical Pump Storage Scheme

6 Requirement of regulative power from PSP Electrical grid Consumption Production Increasing fluctuating production from renewable energy sources (e. g. wind, PV)

7 Renewable production in MW Year 2010 Renewable production in the 50hertz grid (north east Germany) Short term fluctuations Long term fluctuations

8 Wind power in MW Short term fluctuations, wind prognosis Production Prognosis January 2009

9 Prognosis error in MW Wind prognosis error January 2009

10 Difference to the average production in % Renewable production in the 50hertz grid (north east Germany) High production Low production High production Year 2010

11 Accumulated Difference to the average production in % Accumulated difference to averaged production Needed Storage volume: 7% of the yearly electricity production D: ~600 TWh => 40 TWh Year 2010

12 Leistung [MW] Stromerzeugung [TWh] Development of wind energy and PV in Germany Leistung Onshore Leistung Offshore Stromerzeugung gesamt Wind PV

13 Required regulating power Strong increase of positive and negative regulating power Increase by a factor of 2 until 2020 Power plants with very flexible operation power regulation in pump mode Quelle: Dena-Studie

14 Requirements Fast short term regulating power negative regulating power positive regulating power Long term storage

15 Pump mode Turbine mode Consequences to the operation Number of starts Duration of operation Quelle: Schluchseewerk AG

16 Consequences to the operation % Number of operation mode changes Zunahme von Betriebsartenwechseln Jahr Increase of load to the turbines structures => Monitoring, Condition based monitoring

17 Installed power in MW No of Power Plants Installed PSP in Germany

18 Installed PSP

19 Alternative storage technologies Source: Vennemann, RWE Pump storage is the only available technology with large power and large capacity

20 Storage costs Source: Vennemann, RWE

21 Efficiency Source: Vennemann, RWE

22 Energie [%] Losses in a pump storage power plant ,5 0,5 1, ,5 0 0,5 5 1,5 0,5 0, , ,5 88, ,5 82, , Verluste Energie Energieeinspeisung Transformator Eigenverbrauch Motor Pumpe Rohrleitung Speicher Rohrleitung Turbine Generator Eigenverbrauch Transformator Energieabgabe

23 Technologies Separate turbines and pumps Pump turbines (fixed speed) Pump turbines (variable speed)

24 Example PSP Kops II Example Kops II: New power plant between existing reservoirs Fully flexible operation, hydraulic short circuit Pelton turbine below tailwater 3-stage storage pump

25 Hydraulic short circuit Simultaneous operation of pump and turbine Example: required negative power 100 MW Pump power: 150 MW Turbine power: 50 MW Bild: VIW

26 Regelbereich Operation range Full operation range from max. turbine power to max pump power

27 Example PSP Goldisthal Drehzahlvariable Maschinen 4 Pump turbines with 265 MW each 2 Synchronous motor/generators (fixed speed) 2 double-feed asynchronous motor/generators (variable speed) (speed range: ,4 U/min, => 100 MW regulating power in pump mode)

28 Operation range of one unit 100% 0-60% max. turbine power -100% max. pump power By combining the four units nearly the whole operation range can be used as regulating power (except very small gaps) Positive effects of variable speed pump turbines: - Power control in pump mode - Higher power control quality in turbine mode - Higher efficiency at high head variations

29 Power Power quality Verhalten im Leistungsregelbetrieb Assumed requirement: linear Increase of power demand Turbine governor opens to turbine By inertia of the water passage the power increase at synchronous machines increases very slow. The asynchronous machines follow the demand accurately, the bridge the gap by their inertia. Speed

30 New pump storage projects in Germany

31 The project Atdorf Quelle: Schluchseewerk AG Power: MW Head: 600 m Reservoir: 10 mio m 3 Source: Schluchseewerk AG

32 The project Atdorf Animation of head water basin Source: Schluchseewerk AG

33 The project Atdorf Animation of tail water basin Source: Schluchseewerk AG

34 The project Atdorf No of units 6 Operation range, turbine mode Operation range, pump mode Discharge (Pump / Turbine) Motor/generator (asynchronous) 60 to 1400 MW 160 bis 1400 MW 200 / 270 m³/s 280 MVA per unit Total storage efficiency ca. 80 % Modes of operation pump, turbine, phase shifting

35 The project Atdorf Machine caverne: length 220 m, width 27 m; height 52 Trafo caverne: length 160 m lang Tail racee tunnel: length 8,6 km 2 penstocks: length 730 m each, vertical Access tunnel: length 3,2 km Power cable tunnel: length 1,4 km Source: Schluchseewerk AG

36 The project Atdorf Surge tank Caverns Tail water Access tunnel Source: Schluchseewerk AG

37 The project Atdorf Caverne length width height 219 m 27 m 52 m Motor/generator Pump turbine Valves Source: Schluchseewerk AG

38 Conclusions There is a strongly increasing demand on storage and on regulating power. Pump storage power plants are the only available large scale technology which is most cost effective. In Germany has an installed PSP with 6.4 GW power and 38 GWh capacity. There are projects for another 4.4 GW power and 40 GWh capacity.

39 Thank you for your attention