Battery Energy Storage

Transcription

1 CIGRE TNC Technical Seminar Future Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technologies Battery Energy Storage 6/20/2014 Kenji Takeda Hitachi Research Laboratory, Battery Research Div., Hitachi, Ltd.

2 Presentation overview 1. Storage Systems 1-1 Trend of energy storage 1-2 Japan s experiences 1-3 R&D of battery cells 2. Energy Storage Solution 2-1 Hybrid BESS 2-2 Smart grid simulation 3. EGAT Hitachi Joint Study 1

3 1. Storage Systems 1-1 Trend of energy storage 1-2 Japan s experiences 1-3 R&D of battery cells 2

4 Storage capacity [GW] 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage -Trend- Electricity storage capacity and needs DS China India EU US Region Energy Technology Perspectives 2 Scenario of IEA Source: IEA Technology Roadmap (Energy Storage)

5 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage -Installed capacity- Current global installed grid-connected electricity storage capacity 100% Other, 976 PSH, [MW] 100% 0.7% 0.7% Redox-flow, 10 Flywheel, 25 Nickel-cadmium, 27 Lead-acid, 70 thium-ion, 100 Sodium-sulphur, 304 CAES, 440 0% 0% PSH: Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity CAES: Compressed Air Energy Storage Source: IEC white paper (2011) 4

6 Rated Power 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage -Comparison of batteries- BESS technologies and characteristics 100MW 10MW Duration: 1sec 1min 1hour -ion Sodium-sulfur 1MW 1day 100kW 10kW 1kW Source: IEC white paper (2011) Redox-flow Lead-acid 1kWh 1MWh 1GWh Energy 5

7 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage -Comparison of applications- Energy Storage Application Size [MW] Duration Time Response Time Voltage support s-1min ms to s Frequency regulation min-15min 1min Demand shifting and peak reduction min-H <15min -ion Variable supply resource integration min-H <15min Spinning reserve min-2H <15min Non-spinning reserve Min-2H <15min Load following min-1day <15min Black start H-4H <1hour Transmission and Distribution (T&D) H-4H >1hour congestion relief T&D infrastructure investment H-5H Lead- >1hour deferral acid Off-grid H-5H <1hour Arbitrage H-24H >1 hour Seasonal storage Day-Months Day Source: IEA Technology Roadmap (Energy Storage)

8 Power 1-2 Japan s experiences -Wind Farm Power Stabilization- Shiura Wind Farm in Aomori, Japan ( In operation since February, 2010 ) Housing of PCSs and Batteries -Wind turbine output: 15.4MW (1.9MW x 8) -Battery capacity: 10.4MWh (LL1500-W type) *: Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc., "Technical requirement for dealing with frequency fluctuation", 2006 PCS and Battery Array Wind turbine s power Smoothed power 20 minutes Grid Code * Less than 10% of wind farm rated power Time 7

9 Fluctuation in 20 min. Power (kw) 1-2 Japan s experiences -Wind Farm Power Stabilization- Power measurements on March 30 th, WT without power limiting estimated from wind speed WT Total (stabilized) Battery storage (100%=15.44 MW) Without control (estimated) With control Time (clock time) Proposed control reduces fluctuations to under 10%. 8

10 1-2 Japan s experiences -DC Railway system- Energy storage for traction power supply system (B-CHOP) Stabilizes feeder voltage by charge/discharge of battery Regeneration 820V,1650V Brake DC Feeder 3MWmax DC/DC Battery Acceleration Assisting 346V,692V 19~114kWh slowdown Station Speed up Source: 日 立 評 論 (2012) Projects Kobe subway ( East Japan Railway ( Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit ( Macau ght Rail Transit ( 10

11 1. Storage Systems 1-1 Trend of energy storage 1-2 Japan s experiences 1-3 R&D of battery cells 11

12 1-3 R&D of battery cells -Lead acid battery- Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery (VRLA) for Grid Use View of LL series Unit for 12kWh (4 cells) Valve for gas escaping Features a. Cycling use (repeated charge & discharge cycles) b. Long life: up to 17 years, or 4500 Cycles c. Large energy capacity: up to 1500Ah / cell d. Wide range suited to a variety of applications e. No special auxiliary such as heaters nor controllers f. Established recycle system for LAB (in Japan) g. Affordable price for large scale integration Anode Cathode Separator Typical Applications Wind Farms and Photovoltaic Plants Stabilization of power grid Smart grid EMS for homes and buildings EV charging stations Power load leveling LAB Cell 12

13 1-3 R&D of battery cells -thium ion battery- thium-ion Battery Module for Grid Use View of CH75-6 Module Controller Cylindrical Cells -Monitoring Cell voltage Cell temperature -Alarm -Cell balancing Item 1 Nominal Capacity 75Ah/0.2CA 2 Nominal Voltage 3 Voltage Range Discharging 4 Current Charging Current 5 Operation Temp. 6 Expected fetime Specifications 22.2V(3.7V/cell 6 cells in Series) 16.2 ~ 25.2V(2.7 ~ 4.2V/cell) 225 A(3CA) Short Period Max.300A (Battery temperature may not exceed 50 C ) 225 A(3CA) -20 ~ 40 C (Capacity will decline below 0 C ) 6000 cycles (Operation condition- DOD : 100%, 25 C ) 13

14 1-3 R&D of battery cells -Chemical Reaction - Lead-acid Process: Oxidation- Reduction Electrolyte: Aqueous (-) Current Load (+) (-) Current Load Charge PbSO 4 PbSO 4 H 2 O SO4 2- H 2 O SO 2-4 Discharge H + H + H + H + SO 2- H + 4 (+) Pb PbO 2 Pb PbO 2 thium-ion Process : Insertion- Extraction Electrolyte: Organic (-) Load (+) Charge Discharge (-) Load (+) C X MO Y X C MO Y 14

15 Capacity Fade [%] 1-3 R&D of battery cells - fetime forecasting - Forecasting Testing Forecasting method Calendar fe Cycle fe Year fetime calculation for user s demand Margin design Source: 日 立 評 論 (2012) 16

16 2. Energy Storage Solution 2-1 Hybrid BESS 2-2 Smart grid simulation 17

17 2-1 Hybrid BESS(HBESS) - Overview - Wind Farm Grid PV Power Distribution Control PCS PCS PCS Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System Lead-acid Battery HBESS enables: Optimized Energy / Power ratio Size reduction Long life time thium-ion Battery (B) (compared to single-type) thium-ion Capacitor (C) 18

18 Maximum Power [MW] 2-1 Hybrid BESS(HBESS) - Design Concept - B Too much power Minimum Structure Too much capacity Hybrid User Demand Maximum Capacity [MWh] 19

19 Power [kw] 2-1 Hybrid BESS(HBESS) - Examination of hybrid control - Power Simulator DC PCS DC AC200V PCS System output Power A Power B Hybrid control Fluctuation mitigation Power distribution Battery management Hybrid system : 200kW, 55kWh Capacity type : Power type : Power type 60kW, 30kWh 140kW, 55kWh V, I, etc. V, I, etc. Common interface Capacity type thium-ion Capacity type thium-ion Power type Time[min] 21

20 2. Energy Storage Solution 2-1 Hybrid BESS 2-2 Smart grid simulation 22

21 2-2 Smart grid simulation - Background - Past Power flow is one way Distribution substation Distribution line transformer Equipment planning depending on electricity use for consumer Future Power flow changes depending on weather conditions Distribution substation Wind power generation Distribution line EV PV generation transformer Battery Heat Pump Prediction of Power Flow and Reverse Power Flow Equipment planning for the stabilization of power fluctuation Need for Smart Grid Simulator 23

22 2-2 Smart grid simulation - Functions of SG simulator - Input Simulation Output Power System Configuration Weather Data Sensor Data Actual Past Data Operation Parameter Power Plant Weather Transmission Power Grid EV Mega Solar Wind Farm Consumer Distribution Battery PV Electric Water Heater State prediction of power grid Variation simulation and prediction of Power Grid (V, P, I...) - Simulation and prediction of fluctuation in output of renewable energy Effect of distribution control Effect of introducing power system stabilizer (SVC, Battery) Effect of introducing DSM Prediction of demand fluctuation for consumer Scheduling of EV charging DSM : Demand Side Management PV : Photovoltaic power generation 24

23 2-2 Smart grid simulation - GUI of SG simulator - Simulate movement of cloud Display of electric power flow Map mode System diagram mode Voltage deviation area Behavior of SVR Voltage profile 25

24 2-2 Smart grid simulation - Voltage analysis of distribution line - Only the existing facilities The influence of RES With climate change After system control (SVR, SVC) 26

25 2-2 Smart grid simulation - Voltage analysis with BESS control - without BESS (overvoltage) BESS with BESS BESS 27

26 3. EGAT Hitachi Joint Study 28

27 Monthly capacity (GW) 3 EGAT-Hitachi Joint Study - Objectives - EGAT Hitachi Joint Study (2014/3/31 4/4) Objectives To jointly explore the opportunities in introduction of battery storage in connection with wind power and solar power generation in North East region of Thailand. Hydro Battery Energy Storage Grid Solar Power Steam Turbine GAS Turbine Time 29

28 Relative output (-) Wind Speed (m/s) Capacities (GW) Capacities (GW) Relative load (-) Capacities (GW) Capacities (GW) 3 EGAT-Hitachi Joint Study - Simulation - A. Hourly power demand Input Time B. Power generation Mix Data Predicted Simulation Output D. Power output of Generators 600 Daily Balance in May 600 Daily Balance in May Middle 400 WindMiddle 400 PV 200 Wind PV 200 Base Base 0 Change of Middle Load Supply 200 Change Upward of Excess Middle Load Supply 100 Upward Excess 100 E. Operation Curve of Middle Load 1.0 Fine Cloudy 0.8 Rainy 0.6 C. Climate for PV and Wind Power Solar Radiation by Weather Wind Speed Downward Excess Downward 18 Excess24 0 Time Time F. Fluctuation which middle load could not catch up Time Time 30

29 Conclusion 34

30 Conclusion 1 Advanced Materials from R&D 2 Products Designed for Industrial Use (Batteries, PCS etc.) 3 Systems Integration Capability Hitachi established Complete Quality Assurance System from materials through final integrated storage systems. Long fe Electrodes Electrode Factory Hitachi Group s Material Products Battery Cell Production ne Applications Materials Products Integration 35

31 Questions? Crystal + Energy Crystal of Hitachi s state-of-art technology All-in one, container-type energy storage system as a core energy product for ensuring the stable use of renewable energy. CrystEna - Trademark Registration In progress 36

32