Name Hour Date. 2. A positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu is called a. (neutron or proton)
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1 Name Hour Date CHAPTER 12 INTRODUCTION TO ATOMS Chapter 12 Test USING VOCABULARY To complete the following sentences, choose the correct term from each pair of terms listed, and write the term in the blank. 1. A beehive with bees buzzing around it could be used as a rough of the atom. (model or theory) 2. A positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu is called a. (neutron or proton) 3. Different of an element have different numbers of neutrons. (electrons or isotopes) 4. The region in an atom that contains most of the mass is called the. (nucleus or electron cloud) 5. The number of protons in an atom determines its. (atomic number or mass number) CHAPTER TESTS 6. The weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element is called the. (mass number or atomic mass) UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer. 7. What did Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr all have in common? a. They each identified new elements. b. They each identified new isotopes of atoms. c. They each contributed to the development of the atomic theory. d. They each conducted experiments in which particles collided. 8. In Thomson s plum-pudding model of the atom, the plums represent a. atoms. c. neutrons. b. protons. d. electrons. 9. An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons would have a mass number of a. 39. c b d Which of the following has the least mass? a. nucleus c. neutron b. proton d. electron CHAPTER TESTS WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT 45
2 Chapter 12 Test, continued 11. The isotope of uranium used in nuclear reactors, uranium-235, contains 92 protons. Another isotope, uranium-238, contains electrons. a. 92 c. 143 b. 95 d. 146 Short Answer 12. a. How was Bohr s theory of atomic structure similar to the current theory? b. How was Bohr s theory of atomic structure different from the current theory? 13. Describe the difference between atomic number and mass number. 14. How are protons in the nucleus of an atom able to stay close to one another even though they have the same charge? 46 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
3 Chapter 12 Test, continued CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING 15. Long ago, people tried to change inexpensive metals, such as lead, into gold. What fundamental principle of matter did these people fail to understand? 16. The ionosphere is a region of the Earth s upper atmosphere. From the name ionosphere, what can you conclude about the gases that make up this region? CHAPTER TESTS MATH IN SCIENCE 17. The approximate composition of naturally occurring magnesium is as follows: 79% magnesium-24, 10% magnesium-25, and 11% magnesium-26. Calculate the atomic mass of magnesium. Show your work. CHAPTER TESTS WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT 47
4 Chapter 12 Test, continued CONCEPT MAPPING 18. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: charges, density, strong force, neutrons, electromagnetic force. Atoms are composed of neutrons protons electrons which make up the which are held in place by the which have equal but opposite nucleus which is the central area of great density strong force charges that result in the electromagnetic force 48 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
5 Name Date Class CHAPTER 12 INTRODUCTION TO ATOMS Chapter 12 Test USING VOCABULARY (Recommended 3 pts. each) To complete the following sentences, choose the correct term from each pair of terms listed, and write the term in the blank. 1. A beehive with bees buzzing around it could be used as a rough model of the atom. (model or theory) 2. A positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu is called a proton. (neutron or proton) 3. Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons. (electrons or isotopes) 4. The region in an atom that contains most of the mass is called the nucleus. (nucleus or electron cloud) 5. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number. (atomic number or mass number) CHAPTER TESTS 6. The weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element is called the atomic mass. (mass number or atomic mass) UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS Multiple Choice (Recommended 5 pts. each) Circle the correct answer. 7. What did Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr all have in common? a. They each identified new elements. b. They each identified new isotopes of atoms. c. They each contributed to the development of the atomic theory. d. They each conducted experiments in which particles collided. 8. In Thomson s plum-pudding model of the atom, the plums represent a. atoms. c. neutrons. b. protons. d. electrons. 9. An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons would have a mass number of a. 39. c b d Which of the following has the least mass? a. nucleus c. neutron b. proton d. electron CHAPTER TESTS WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT 45
6 Name Date Class Chapter 12 Test, continued 11. The isotope of uranium used in nuclear reactors, uranium-235, contains 92 protons. Another isotope, uranium-238, contains electrons. a. 92 c. 143 b. 95 d. 146 Short Answer (Recommended 8 pts. each) 12. a. How was Bohr s theory of atomic structure similar to the current theory? Bohr s theory and the current theory both have electrons traveling in orbits around a central nucleus. b. How was Bohr s theory of atomic structure different from the current theory? In Bohr s theory, the electrons move only in definite paths. Current atomic theory expresses the position of electrons in terms of the probability that electrons will be found in regions of the atom called electron clouds. 13. Describe the difference between atomic number and mass number. The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. The mass number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the atoms of a particular isotope. 14. How are protons in the nucleus of an atom able to stay close to one another even though they have the same charge? Protons can stay close to one another inside the nucleus of an atom due to the strong force. Although the electromagnetic force causes particles with the same charge to repel each other, the strong force is greater than the electromagnetic force at close distances. 46 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
7 Name Date Class Chapter 12 Test, continued CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING (Recommended 8 pts. each) 15. Long ago, people tried to change inexpensive metals, such as lead, into gold. What fundamental principle of matter did these people fail to understand? These people did not understand that elements, such as lead and gold, are divided into smaller particles called atoms. Each atom of an element is composed of a unique number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms cannot be created, or destroyed. Therefore, it is not possible to simply convert one metal into another. 16. The ionosphere is a region of the Earth s upper atmosphere. From the name ionosphere, what can you conclude about the gases that make up this region? CHAPTER TESTS The ionosphere must contain ions, which are electrically charged particles. To be charged, the numbers of electrons and protons in the particles must not be equal. MATH IN SCIENCE (Recommended 7 pts.) 17. The approximate composition of naturally occurring magnesium is as follows: 79% magnesium-24, 10% magnesium-25, and 11% magnesium-26. Calculate the atomic mass of magnesium. Show your work. ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = amu CHAPTER TESTS WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT 47
8 Name Date Class Chapter 12 Test, continued CONCEPT MAPPING (Recommended 2 pts. each) 18. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: charges, density, strong force, neutrons, electromagnetic force. Atoms are composed of neutrons protons electrons which make up the which are held in place by the which have equal but opposite nucleus which is the central area of great density strong force charges that result in the electromagnetic force 48 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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