Scientific Revolution
|
|
- Emma Ward
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Scientific Revolution Learning Objective Students will be able to: * define the Scientific Revolution * identify the historical roots of modern science. (a historical root is the start of something)
2 The Birth of Modern Science Building Background: In the 1500s, Europe was undergoing dramatic changes. The Renaissance was well under way. During the Renaissance, great advances were made in: art writing education The stage was set for another revolution in thinking. For interactive Europe map go to: During the 1500s and 1600s, a handful of brilliant individuals laid the foundations for science as we know it today. Some historians consider the development of modern science the most important event in the intellectual history of humankind.
3 Between 1500 and 1700, modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the world. Galileo tested his ideas about gravity by dropping two balls of different sizes and weights from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Before this time, Europeans relied on two main sources for their understanding of nature: The Bible and religious teachings. The work of classical thinkers, especially the philosopher Aristotle.
4 The Scientific Revolution
5 Pair / Share Ques-on What two things did Europeans rely on to help them understand nature? 1. Europeans relied on the Bible. 2. The works of Classical thinkers, particularly Aristotle.
6 Roots of the Scientific Revolution During the Renaissance, many thinkers began to question the conclusions of earlier thinkers. For example, Renaissance scholars rediscovered the cultures of ancient - Greece and Rome. Muslim, Christian, and Jewish scholars in the Muslim Arab world translated many classical works. They also made advances of their own in such fields as medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.
7 Many European philosophers were influenced by Greek rationalism. A philosopher is a person who studies ideas about knowledge, truth, and the nature and meaning of life. Rationalism is the belief that reason, or logical thought, can be used to discover basic truths about the world. Renaissance thinkers also observed nature directly. The Renaissance physician Vesalius dissected corpses to test ancient ideas about the body. A key part of modern science is based on: Reason Observation
8 Pair / Share Ques-on Which three groups in the Muslim world translated ancient texts? 1. Muslim 2. Chris-an 3. Jewish
9 Pair / Share What two things became a key part of modern science during this time? 1. Reason 2. Observa-on
10 During the Scientific Revolution, scientists challenged traditional teachings about nature. They asked fresh questions, and they answered them in new ways. A good example is Aristotle s description of falling objects. Aristotle had said that heavier objects fall to the ground faster than lighter ones. This idea seemed logical, but the Italian scientist Galileo questioned it. Galileo performed a demonstration in the city of Pisa, where he was teaching. He dropped two balls of different weights from the city s Leaning Tower. The results shocked the crowd of students and professors. They expected the heavier ball to land first. Instead, the two balls landed at the same time. Galileo s demonstration is an application of the scientific method. He disproved Aristotle s old theory through observation.
11 End sec-on
12 Learning Objective part 2 Students will be able to describe the contributions of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton to the Scientific Revolution.
13 (Geocentric Theory. Geo=Earth, centric= centered.) For nearly two thousand years, most people believed that Earth was the center of the universe. Aristotle had taught this theory. The Bible seemed to support it, as well. Unfortunately, this belief made it hard to explain the observed movements of planets, such as Mars and Jupiter.
14 (Heliocentric Theory. Helio=sun, centric= centered.) In the early 1500s, Copernicus tackled these problems using observations and mathematics, he proposed a very different idea. According to his heliocentric theory, Earth and the other planets travel in orbits around the sun. The sun is at the center of this solar system. Earth also turns on its own axis every 24 hours.
15 Then, in the early 1600s, German scientist Johannes Kepler expanded on Copernicus s theory. After studying detailed observations, Kepler figured out that the orbits of the planets were ovals, not circles. With this insight, he wrote precise mathematical laws describing the planets movements around the sun. Kepler s laws agreed with actual observations. This agreement was evidence that the theory of Copernicus was correct. Once the theory took hold, people would never again hold the same view of Earth s place in the universe.
16 Pair / Share Question 1. Why do people often think of Copernicus and Kepler together? A. Both men put forth a geocentric theory. B. Both men discovered the law of gravity. C. Kepler's work built on Copernicus work. D. Copernicus's work contradicted Kepler's. C. Kepler s work built on Copernicus work.
17 Galileo Galilei lived at the same time as Johannes Kepler. He disproved Aristotle s theory that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones. He made other discoveries about motion, as well. Galileo s biggest discoveries came in 1609 when he decided to build his own telescope. He figured out how telescopes worked. He learned how to grind glass for lenses. Soon he was building more and more powerful telescopes.
18 Galileo s discoveries contradicted the traditional view of the universe. For example, Aristotle had taught that the moon was perfectly smooth. Galileo saw that it wasn t. Aristotle had said that Earth was the only center of motion in the universe. Galileo saw moons moving around Jupiter.
19 Pair / Share Ques-on What did Galileo invent / develop? Ans: He developed the telescope How did this invention affect the the theory of Copernicus? Ans: His observations supported Copernicus's heliocentric theory
20 Galileo's discoveries supported the Copernican heliocentric theory and led him into a bitter conflict with the Catholic Church. Church officials feared that attacks on the geocentric theory could lead people to doubt the Church s teachings. In 1616, the Catholic Church warned Galileo not to teach the Copernican theory. Galileo refused to be silenced. In 1632, he published a book called, Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems. Galileo s Dialogue caused an uproar. In 1633, the pope called Galileo to Rome to face the Catholic court, known as the Inquisition.
21 At Galileo s trial, Church leaders accused him of heresy. They demanded that he confess his error. At first Galileo resisted. In the end, the court forced him to swear that the geocentric theory was true. He was forbidden to write again about the Copernican theory. However, the Church s opposition could not stop the spread of Galileo s ideas. Scientists across Europe read his Dialogue. Galileo s studies of motion also advanced the Scientific Revolution. Like Kepler, he used observation and mathematics to solve scientific problems.
22 Pair / Share Question In response to Galileo's discoveries, the Church A. Asked Galileo to explain his theories to the pope. B. Asked Galileo to explain his theories more clearly. C. Made Galileo a saint. D. Made Galileo say he was wrong. D. Made Galileo say he was wrong.
23 Isaac Newton and the Law of Gravity Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642, the same year Galileo died. Newton was a brilliant scientist and mathematician. His greatest discovery was the law of gravity. Gravity: the force of attraction between all masses in the universe. Newton told a story about his discovery. He was trying to figure out what kept the moon traveling in its orbit around Earth. Since the moon was in motion, why didn t it fly off into space in a straight line?
24 Then Newton saw an apple fall from a tree and hit the ground. Newton realized that when objects fall, they fall toward the center of Earth. He wondered if the same force that pulled the apple to the ground was tugging on the moon. The difference was that the moon was far away, and Newton reasoned that the force was just strong enough to bend the moon s motion into an oval orbit around Earth.
25 Pair / Share Question What is Gravity? Ans: The force of attraction between all masses in the universe. Does gravity affect the movement of the moon and planets? Ans: Newton reasoned that in fact it did.
26 The Scientific Method A key outcome of the Scientific Revolution was the development of the scientific method. Scientific method: a step-by-step method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific assumptions. Two philosophers who influenced this development were Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes (reh-nay dey-kahrt). Francis Bacon was born in England in He outlined a method of scientific investigation that depended on close observation.
27 Rene Descartes was born in France in the year To gain knowledge that was certain, he said, people should doubt every statement until logic proved it to be true. Descartes also saw the physical universe as obeying universal mathematical laws. These ideas helped create a new approach to science. Over time, scientists developed this approach into the scientific method. The scientific method combines logic, mathematics, and observation. It has five basic steps:
28
29 Pair / Share Question What is the scientific method? scientific method: a step-by-step method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific assumptions
4. Discuss the information as a class (transparency key)
Teacher: Sherry Tipps-Holder Grade: 8 Subject: World History/ Lesson designed for inclusion in unit on Scientific Revolution Essential Question: What were the major contributions/innovations of the who
More informationWORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT. Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek
WORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek Scientists Philosophes Enlightenment Spreads Terms Thnkers 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300
More informationELEMENTS OF PHYSICS MOTION, FORCE, AND GRAVITY
1 Pre-Test Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of motion before you begin this lesson. Answer the following true or false. 1. Aristotle believed that all objects fell
More informationThe Solar System. Unit 4 covers the following framework standards: ES 10 and PS 11. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 4 The Solar System Chapter 7 ~ The History of the Solar System o Section 1 ~ The Formation of the Solar System o Section 2 ~ Observing the Solar System Chapter 8 ~ The Parts the Solar System o Section
More informationChapter 3 The Science of Astronomy
Chapter 3 The Science of Astronomy Days of the week were named for Sun, Moon, and visible planets. What did ancient civilizations achieve in astronomy? Daily timekeeping Tracking the seasons and calendar
More informationAE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics. Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre
AE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre A bit of history the beginning Astronomy: Science of heavens. (Ancient Greeks). Astronomy existed several thousand years BC Perfect universe (like circles
More informationIsaac Newton & the Newtonian Age
Newton By William Blake ~1800 Ch 5 pg. 91-95 ++ Lecture 3 Isaac Newton & the Newtonian Age If I have ever made any valuable discoveries, it has been owing more to patient attention, than to any other talent.
More informationFrom Aristotle to Newton
From Aristotle to Newton The history of the Solar System (and the universe to some extent) from ancient Greek times through to the beginnings of modern physics. The Geocentric Model Ancient Greek astronomers
More informationChapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System
Chapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System Objectives: Compare & Contrast geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar sytem. Describe the orbits of planets explain how gravity and inertia keep the planets
More informationAristotelian Physics. Aristotle's physics agrees with most people's common sense, but modern scientists discard it. So what went wrong?
Aristotelian Physics Aristotle's physics agrees with most people's common sense, but modern scientists discard it. So what went wrong? Here's what Aristotle said: Aristotelian Physics Aristotle s classification
More informationScience and Religion
1 Science and Religion Scripture: Colossians 1:15-20 By Pastor John H. Noordhof Williamsburg Christian Reformed Church October 21, 2012 Morning Service People of God: Today we will deal with the troubling
More information2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 780L
2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 780L ISAAC NEWTON PHYSICS, GRAVITY & LAWS OF MOTION Born January 4, 1643 Lincolnshire, England Died March 31, 1727 London, England By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Sir
More informationThe Holy Office v Galileo Galilei: BASIC INFO
The Holy Office v Galileo Galilei: BASIC INFO STIPULATED FACTS (BACKGROUND) Born in 1564 in Italy, Galileo Galilei became a brilliant scientist and lecturer. He made several inventions, including the telescope.
More informationName: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015
Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015 Why are celestial motions and forces important? They explain the world around
More informationAstronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review
Astronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review Prof. Pradhan September 15, 2015 What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. (a) Astrology: nonscience using zodiac sign to predict the future/personality
More informationEducator Guide to S LAR SYSTEM. 1875 El Prado, San Diego CA 92101 (619) 238-1233 www.rhfleet.org
Educator Guide to S LAR SYSTEM 1875 El Prado, San Diego CA 92101 (619) 238-1233 www.rhfleet.org Pre-Visit Activity: Orbital Paths Materials: Plastic Plate Marble Scissors To Do: 1. Put the plate on a flat
More information1 SCIENCE AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY BEFORE THE 17 TH CENTURY
1 SCIENCE AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY BEFORE THE 17 TH CENTURY FOR TEACHERS Lesson Title: Science and Natural Philosophy Before the Seventeenth Century Area of Learning: chronology, states of affairs Aims.
More informationWhere is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014 Disclaimer We do not know what will be discovered. This is the reason we perform experiments. This is the reason scientific research
More informationUnit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System
Unit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System Gravity What is gravity? Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distances between them. Every object in the universe
More informationThe University of Texas at Austin. Gravity and Orbits
UTeach Outreach The University of Texas at Austin Gravity and Orbits Time of Lesson: 60-75 minutes Content Standards Addressed in Lesson: TEKS6.11B understand that gravity is the force that governs the
More informationReligion and Science
Religion and Science Glossary Cosmology the study of the origins of the universe How did the world come into existence? Theory one Aristotle Taught that the universe has always existed and would always
More informationGalileo Galilei. Introduction
Galileo Galilei Introduction Galileo Galilei (1564 1642) was one of the most significant figures of the Scientific Revolution. Galileo was involved in nearly all fields of natural philosophy, including
More information2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 1000L
2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 1000L ISAAC NEWTON PHYSICS, GRAVITY & LAWS OF MOTION Born January 4, 1643 Lincolnshire, England Died March 31, 1727 London, England By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela
More informationStudy Guide due Friday, 1/29
NAME: Astronomy Study Guide asteroid chromosphere comet corona ellipse Galilean moons VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteor gravity meteorite greenhouse effect meteoroid heliocentric system
More informationStudy Guide: Solar System
Study Guide: Solar System 1. How many planets are there in the solar system? 2. What is the correct order of all the planets in the solar system? 3. Where can a comet be located in the solar system? 4.
More information4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction
CHAPTER 1 SECTION Matter in Motion 4 Gravity: A Force of Attraction BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is gravity? How are weight and mass different?
More information1.1 A Modern View of the Universe" Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?"
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe What is our place in the universe? What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was
More informationBackground Biology and Biochemistry Notes A
Background Biology and Biochemistry Notes A Vocabulary dependent variable evidence experiment hypothesis independent variable model observation prediction science scientific investigation scientific law
More informationREADING COMPREHENSION I SIR ISAAC NEWTON
READING COMPREHENSION I SIR ISAAC NEWTON Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was an English scientist who made great contributions to physics, optics, maths and astronomy. He is known for his Three Laws of Motion
More informationNewton s Laws of Motion
Newton s Laws of Motion The Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. The moon orbits the Earth in the same way. But what keeps the Earth and the moon in orbit? Why don t they just fly off
More information1.2 Investigations and Experiments
Science is about figuring out cause and effect relationships. If we do something, what happens? If we make a ramp steeper, how much faster will a car roll down? This is an easy question. However, the process
More informationNewton s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation The greatest moments in science are when two phenomena that were considered completely separate suddenly are seen as just two different versions of the same thing.
More informationPeriods of Western Astronomy. Chapter 1. Prehistoric Astronomy. Prehistoric Astronomy. The Celestial Sphere. Stonehenge. History of Astronomy
Periods of Western Astronomy Chapter 1 History of Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric (before 500 B.C.) Cyclical motions of Sun, Moon and stars observed Keeping time and determining
More informationIntroduction to the Solar System
Introduction to the Solar System Lesson Objectives Describe some early ideas about our solar system. Name the planets, and describe their motion around the Sun. Explain how the solar system formed. Introduction
More informationName Class Date. true
Exercises 131 The Falling Apple (page 233) 1 Describe the legend of Newton s discovery that gravity extends throughout the universe According to legend, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree and realized
More informationLecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System
Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws
More informationSolar System Formation
Solar System Formation Background Information System: Many pieces that make up a whole Solar System: Anything that orbits the Sun Just like in the formation of of stars.. Gravity plays a major role. Gravitational
More informationScale of the Solar System. Sizes and Distances: How Big is Big? Sizes and Distances: How Big is Big? (Cont.)
Scale of the Solar System Scale of the Universe How big is Earth compared to our solar system? How far away are the stars? How big is the Milky Way Galaxy? How big is the Universe? How do our lifetimes
More informationLift vs. Gravity Questions:
LIFT vs GRAVITY Sir Isaac Newton, an English scientist, observed the force of gravity when he was sitting under a tree and an apple fell on his head! It is a strong force that pulls everything down toward
More informationVocabulary - Understanding Revolution in. our Solar System
Vocabulary - Understanding Revolution in Universe Galaxy Solar system Planet Moon Comet Asteroid Meteor(ite) Heliocentric Geocentric Satellite Terrestrial planets Jovian (gas) planets Gravity our Solar
More informationA Study Guide for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn
A Study Guide for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn In 1962, Thomas Kuhn wrote one of the most influential books of the last half of the twentieth century. He was inspired to write
More informationSection 1 Gravity: A Force of Attraction
Section 1 Gravity: A Force of Attraction Key Concept Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses. What You Will Learn Gravity affects all matter, including the parts of
More information5 DARWIN, EVOLUTION & FAITH 850L
5 DARWIN, EVOLUTION & FAITH 850L DARWIN, EVOLUTION & FAITH By John F. Haught, adapted by Newsela Nothing in modern science is more challenging to religious believers than the theory of evolution. For more
More informationThe Universal Laws of Gravitation. Copyright 2012 Joseph A. Rybczyk
The Universal Laws of Gravitation Copyright 2012 Joseph A. Rybczyk Abstract Close examination of Newton s universal law of gravitation and Galileo s discovery that all objects fall to Earth at the same
More informationPUSD High Frequency Word List
PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.
More informationFriction and Gravity. Friction. Section 2. The Causes of Friction
Section 2 Friction and Gravity What happens when you jump on a sled on the side of a snow-covered hill? Without actually doing this, you can predict that the sled will slide down the hill. Now think about
More informationTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT To view this PDF as a projectable presentation, save the file, click View in the top menu bar of the file, and select Full Screen Mode To request an editable PPT version of this
More informationName: Date: Period: Gravity Study Guide
Vocabulary: Define the following terms. Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Study Guide Weight Weightlessness Gravitational Field Black hole Escape velocity Math: Be able to use the equation for the law
More informationThe Arts and Architecture
Lesson 4 The Legacy of Greece MAIN IDEAS Culture Greek art and architecture introduced new styles and concepts that set standards for generations of artists around the world. Culture The Greek love of
More informationNewton s Laws. Newton s Imaginary Cannon. Michael Fowler Physics 142E Lec 6 Jan 22, 2009
Newton s Laws Michael Fowler Physics 142E Lec 6 Jan 22, 2009 Newton s Imaginary Cannon Newton was familiar with Galileo s analysis of projectile motion, and decided to take it one step further. He imagined
More information1. Mass, Force and Gravity
STE Physics Intro Name 1. Mass, Force and Gravity Before attempting to understand force, we need to look at mass and acceleration. a) What does mass measure? The quantity of matter(atoms) b) What is the
More informationAre Those Sunspots Really on the Sun?
Are Those Sunspots Really on the Sun? Summary of Activity: Students will acquire solar images (or draw sunspots), and record coordinates of sunspots. They will calculate and plot their apparent movement
More informationNote Taking Study Guide THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
SECTION 1 THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY Focus Question: What were the ideals of the Renaissance, and how did Italian artists and writers reflect these ideals? As you read this section in your textbook, complete
More informationENGLISH PLACEMENT TEST
ENGLISH PLACEMENT TEST NAME: Look at these examples. The correct answers are underlined. a) In warm climates people like / likes / are liking sitting outside in the sun. b) If it is very hot, they sit
More informationReformation Lesson Plan. Central Historical Question: Why did Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Reformation Lesson Plan Central Historical Question: Why did Luther challenge the Catholic Church? Materials: Reformation PowerPoint Copies of Documents A and B Copies of Reformation: Guiding Questions
More informationElements of Physics Motion, Force, and Gravity Teacher s Guide
Teacher s Guide Grade Level: 9 12 Curriculum Focus: Physical Science Lesson Duration: Three class periods Program Description Examine Isaac Newton's laws of motion, the four fundamental forces of the universe,
More informationGravitation and Newton s Synthesis
Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis Vocabulary law of unviversal Kepler s laws of planetary perturbations casual laws gravitation motion casuality field graviational field inertial mass gravitational mass
More informationPhysics Section 3.2 Free Fall
Physics Section 3.2 Free Fall Aristotle Aristotle taught that the substances making up the Earth were different from the substance making up the heavens. He also taught that dynamics (the branch of physics
More informationExercise: Estimating the Mass of Jupiter Difficulty: Medium
Exercise: Estimating the Mass of Jupiter Difficulty: Medium OBJECTIVE The July / August observing notes for 010 state that Jupiter rises at dusk. The great planet is now starting its grand showing for
More informationThe Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation Mr. Montreuil April 2015 1 The Big Picture I can explain how the Protestant Reformation impacted Europe religiously, politically, & socially. This Lesson I can identify Reformation
More informationSIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) PCES 1.1 Born in the small village of Woolsthorpe, Newton quickly made an impression as a student at Cambridge- he was appointed full Prof. there The young Newton in 1669,
More informationForces. When an object is pushed or pulled, we say that a force is exerted on it.
Forces When an object is pushed or pulled, we say that a force is exerted on it. Forces can Cause an object to start moving Change the speed of a moving object Cause a moving object to stop moving Change
More informationCorso di Laurea Magistrale a Ciclo Unico di MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
Corso di Laurea Magistrale a Ciclo Unico di MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA Insegnamento di IGIENE E STATISTICA MEDICA Modulo di LINGUA E TRADUZIONE LINGUA INGLESE Dott.ssa Silvia LUPI Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche
More informationUnit 11: Gravity & the Solar System
Unit 11: Gravity & the Solar System Inquiry Physics www.inquiryphysics.org Historical development Kepler s Laws Newton s Universal Gravitation Next 11: Gravity & the Solar System Historical development
More informationGrade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy. 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets?
Grade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy Multiple Choice 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets? A. They are also rocky and small. B. They
More informationHobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action 20:2 Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government Starting in the 1600s, European philosophers began debating the question of who should
More informationChapter 5: Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity
Chapter 5: Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity 1. Earth s gravity attracts a person with a force of 120 lbs. The force with which the Earth is attracted towards the person is A. Zero. B. Small but
More informationNewton s Law of Gravity
Gravitational Potential Energy On Earth, depends on: object s mass (m) strength of gravity (g) distance object could potentially fall Gravitational Potential Energy In space, an object or gas cloud has
More informationScience Benchmark: 06 : 01 Standard 01: THE MYSTICAL MOON axis of rotation,
Science Benchmark: 06 : 01 The appearance of the lighted portion of the moon changes in a predictable cycle as a result of the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Standard 01: Students
More informationThe Solar System. I. Introduction. S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.
The Solar System S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.edu I. Introduction As children we all learned that the Earth is one of many
More informationHow Rockets Work Newton s Laws of Motion
How Rockets Work Whether flying a small model rocket or launching a giant cargo rocket to Mars, the principles of how rockets work are exactly the same. Understanding and applying these principles means
More informationLecture 17 Newton on Gravity
Lecture 17 Newton on Gravity Patrick Maher Philosophy 270 Spring 2010 Introduction Outline of Newton s Principia Definitions Axioms, or the Laws of Motion Book 1: The Motion of Bodies Book 2: The Motion
More informationNewton s derivation of Kepler s laws (outline)
Newton s derivation of Kepler s laws (outline) 1. Brief history. The first known proposal for a heliocentric solar system is due to Aristarchus of Samos (ancient Greece, c. 270 BC). Following a long period
More informationRETURN TO THE MOON. Lesson Plan
RETURN TO THE MOON Lesson Plan INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEACHERS Grade Level: 9-12 Curriculum Links: Earth and Space (SNC 1D: D2.1, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4) Group Size: Groups of 2-4 students Preparation time: 1 hour
More informationGeorgia Performance Standards Framework for Science Grade 6. Unit Organizer: UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM (Approximate Time 3 Weeks)
The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are
More informationClass 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets
Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System
More informationGLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET 9 - PAGE 1 of 19 THIS IS GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER NINE
GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET 9 - PAGE 1 of 19 THIS IS GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER NINE THE TOPICS OF STUDY IN THIS PACKET ARE: THE RENAISSANCE - This topic is divided into four parts. This packet
More informationAn Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology. 1) Astronomy - an Observational Science
An Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology 1) Astronomy - an Observational Science Why study Astronomy 1 A fascinating subject in its own right. The origin and Evolution of the universe The Big Bang formation
More informationSolar System. 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X?
Solar System 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X? A) Earth B) Sun C) Moon D) Polaris 2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered
More informationGravity? Depends on Where You Are!
Gravity? Depends on Where You Are! Overview Gravity is one of the fundamental concepts of Physics. It is an abstract concept that benefits from activities that help illustrate it. This lesson plan involves
More informationAP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 Compare and contrast Enlightenment and Romantic views of nature, with reference to specific individuals and their works. 9 8 points Thesis is explicit
More informationActs 11 : 1-18 Sermon
Acts 11 : 1-18 Sermon Imagine a church being riven apart by different personalities leading different groups each trying to pull it in different directions. Imagine a church whose future is threatened
More informationThe Physics of Kicking a Soccer Ball
The Physics of Kicking a Soccer Ball Shael Brown Grade 8 Table of Contents Introduction...1 What actually happens when you kick a soccer ball?...2 Who kicks harder shorter or taller people?...4 How much
More informationUnit 9 Lesson 5 Popes, Kings and Challenges to the Church
Unit 9 Lesson 5 Popes, Kings and Challenges to the Church Lesson 5 Popes, Kings and Challenges to the Church Directions Read each False statement below. Replace each underlined word with one from the word
More informationRenaissance and Reformation Study Guide and Notebook Checklist. **Use your notes and pages 34-57 and 146-148. Answers in Italics
Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide and Notebook Checklist **Use your notes and pages 34-57 and 146-148 Answers in Italics 1. What is the Renaissance Movement the rebirth of? Art and learning 2. Where
More informationGRAVITY CONCEPTS. Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter
IT S UNIVERSAL GRAVITY CONCEPTS Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter Weight is a measure of the gravitational force pulling objects toward Earth Objects seem weightless when
More informationEDMONDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASTRONOMY 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Test # 1
Instructor: L. M. Khandro EDMONDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASTRONOMY 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Test # 1 1. An arc second is a measure of a. time interval between oscillations of a standard clock b. time
More informationLab 6: Kepler's Laws. Introduction. Section 1: First Law
Lab 6: Kepler's Laws Purpose: to learn that orbit shapes are ellipses, gravity and orbital velocity are related, and force of gravity and orbital period are related. Materials: 2 thumbtacks, 1 pencil,
More informationIII. Applications of Force and Motion Concepts. Concept Review. Conflicting Contentions. 1. Airplane Drop 2. Moving Ball Toss 3. Galileo s Argument
III. Applications of Force and Motion Concepts Concept Review Conflicting Contentions 1. Airplane Drop 2. Moving Ball Toss 3. Galileo s Argument Qualitative Reasoning 1. Dropping Balls 2. Spinning Bug
More informationBeginning of the Universe Classwork 6 th Grade PSI Science
Beginning of the Universe Classwork Name: 6 th Grade PSI Science 1 4 2 5 6 3 7 Down: 1. Edwin discovered that galaxies are spreading apart. 2. This theory explains how the Universe was flattened. 3. All
More informationPushes and Pulls. TCAPS Created June 2010 by J. McCain
Pushes and Pulls K i n d e r g a r t e n S c i e n c e TCAPS Created June 2010 by J. McCain Table of Contents Science GLCEs incorporated in this Unit............... 2-3 Materials List.......................................
More informationBarycenter of Solar System Earth-Moon barycenter? Moon orbits what?
Barycenter of Solar System Earth-Moon barycenter? Moon orbits what? Dr. Scott Schneider Friday Feb 24 th, 2006 Sponsored by the Society of Physics Students (SPS) Webpage : http://qbx6.ltu.edu/s_schneider/astro/astroweek_2006.shtml
More informationThe orbit of Halley s Comet
The orbit of Halley s Comet Given this information Orbital period = 76 yrs Aphelion distance = 35.3 AU Observed comet in 1682 and predicted return 1758 Questions: How close does HC approach the Sun? What
More informationA long time ago, people looked
Supercool Space Tools! By Linda Hermans-Killam A long time ago, people looked into the dark night sky and wondered about the stars, meteors, comets and planets they saw. The only tools they had to study
More informationUnit 2 Force and Motion
Force and Motion Unit 2 Force and Motion Learning Goal (TEKS): Identify and describe the changes in position, direction, and speed of an object when acted upon by unbalanced forces. This means: We are
More informationThe Celestial Sphere. Questions for Today. The Celestial Sphere 1/18/10
Lecture 3: Constellations and the Distances to the Stars Astro 2010 Prof. Tom Megeath Questions for Today How do the stars move in the sky? What causes the phases of the moon? What causes the seasons?
More informationPlanets and Dwarf Planets by Shauna Hutton
Name: Wow! Technology has improved so well in the last several years that we keep finding more and more objects in our solar system! Because of this, scientists have had to come up with new categories
More informationChapter 1. The Renaissance and Reformation 1300-1650
Chapter 1 The Renaissance and Reformation 1300-1650 The Renaissance The Renaissance was a period of history that sought to join the middle ages to the modern times. This age grew into one of the most culturally
More informationNewton s Law of Gravitation
Newton s Law of Gravitation Duration: 1-2 class periods Essential Questions: How do the acceleration and force due to gravity depend on the radius and mass of a planet? How does the mass of a falling body
More informationNewton s Law of Universal Gravitation
12.1 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation SECTION Explain Kepler s laws. Describe Newton s law of universal gravitation. Apply Newton s law of universal gravitation quantitatively. KEY TERMS OUTCOMES
More information