The case for and activities on hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles

Transcription

1 The case for and activities on hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles Jörg Wind, Daimler AG, Strategic energy projects and market development BEV / FCEV Symposium Water electrolysis and hydrogen as part of the future Renewable Energy System, Kopenhagen, P. Froeschle / Daimler AG 1

2 Why do we need sustainable mobility - Global influencing factors for the future mobility - Growing World Population & Industrialization Sustainable mobility Local emissions CO 2 regulations Mega Cities / surroundings Resource independency 2

3 Drive Portfolio for the Mobility of Tomorrow Long Distance Interurban City Traffic E 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Efficient Combustion Engine S 400 HYBRID Hybrid Drive S 500 Plug-in HYBRID Plug-In Hybrid smart fortwo electric drive Electric Vehicle with Battery B-Class F-CELL Electric Vehicle wit Fuel Cell Combustion drive Emission free mobility 3

4 Worldwide Fleet Operation with Daimler s Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles New fleet operations will start in Germany, Europe, USA and Japan from 2010 Operation of 200 Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL, 30 Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid Busses and 3 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter All fleet operations / demonstrations have to be recognized as first steps to a later commercialization B-Class F-CELL Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid HySys Sprinter Daimler has the target to commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles in the foreseeable future 4

5 History of Daimler s Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Almost 20 years experience with FCEVs Concepts and Feasibility Studies Fit for daily use/ Fleet tests Small Series Series Methanol Necar 3 Necar 5 Passenger Cars Necar 2 Necar 4 A-Class F-Cell F600 A-Class F- Cell Advanced B-class F-Cell Next Gen FCEVs /15 Necar 1 Nebus Fuel Transporter Cell Sprinter Fuel Cell Citaro Fuel Cell Sprinter Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid Fuel Cell Sprinter 5

6 Daimler s Fuel Cell Technology Roadmap Bus Generation 1 Technology Demonstration Citaro Fuel Cell Generation 2 Customer Acceptance Citaro FuelCELL Hybrid Passenger Cars Lead Application Generation 1 Technology Demonstration A-Class F-Cell Generation 2 Customer Acceptance B-Class F-CELL Sprinter Generation 1 Technology Demonstration Generation 2 Customer Acceptance Future Generations Generation 3 Cost Reduction I Series Production Future Generations Generation 4 Market Introduction Cost Reduction II Generation 5 Mass Production Daimler is dedicated to commercialize electric vehicles with fuel cell 6

7 The Current Generation of Fuel Cell Vehicles Driving the Future becomes Reality Technical Data Vehicle Mercedes-Benz B-Class Fuel Cell System PEM, 90 kw (122 hp) Engine Output (Cont./ Peak) 70kW / 100kW (136 hp) Max. Torque: 290 Nm Fuel Compressed hydrogen (70 MPa) Range 380 km (NEDC) Top Speed 170 km/h Li-Ion Battery Output (Cont./ Peak): 24 kw / 30 kw (40 hp) Capacity: 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kwh Freeze Start capability Emissions-free (CO 2 ) Short refueling time and high range Silent operation 7

8 Progress Fuel Cell Technology - Next Generation FCEVs Next generation of the fuel cell power train: Higher stack lifetime (>2000h) Increased power Higher reliability Freeze start capability Li-Ion Battery A-Class F-Cell Technical Data Range +135% Consumption - 16% B-Class F-Cell Technical Data Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Long) Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz B-Class Fuel Cell System Engine Fuel Range Top Speed Battery PEM, 72 kw (97 hp) Engine Output (Continuous / Peak): 45 kw / 65 kw (87hp) Max. Torque: 210 Nm Hydrogen (35 MPa / 5,000 psi) 105 miles (170 km / NEDC) 88 mph (140 km/h) NiMh, Output (Continuous / Peak): 15 kw / 20 kw (27hp); Capacity: 6 Ah, 1.2 kwh [km] Size - 40% [l/100km [kw] Power +30% Fuel Cell System Engine Fuel Range Top Speed Battery PEM, 90 kw (122 hp) IPT Engine Output (Continuous/ Peak) 70kW / 100kW (136hp) Max. Torque: 290 Nm Compressed Hydrogen (70 MPa / 10,000 psi) 380 km (NEDC) 106 mph (170 km/h) Li-Ion, Output (Continuous/ Peak): 24 kw / 30 kw (40hp); Capacity 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kwh 8

9 Mercedes-Benz F-CELL World Drive days 14 countries 3 B-Class F-CELL approx 30,000 km per vehicle 9

10 FCEV Market Overview Coupé Compact Class SUV Honda FCX Clarity Ford Focus FCV Hybrid Hyundai Tucson FCEV Kia Borrego FCEV Compact MPV* GM Equinox Fuel Cell Nissan X-Trail FCV MB B-Class F-CELL City Car Fiat Panda Hydrogen Renault Scenic ZEV H2 Toyota FCHV VW Tiguan HyMotion Many of the biggest and most important automobile manufacturers are committed to develop and commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles * MPV = Multi-purpose vehicle 10

11 The Future of Electric Vehicles with Fuel Cell The Mercedes-Benz Research Vehicle F 125! shows the potential of the fuel cell technology Due to further modularization, packaging of future electric vehicles with fuel cell will be simplified The fuel-cell system can be placed in fully below the front hood 1,000 km emission-free driving Future generation hydrogen storage- and battery technology Packaging Concept Li-Ion Battery Electric engine Fuel cell Hydrogen tank The current generation The future generation 11

12 [Jahre] [km] [l/100km The Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid is the next Generation of Fuel Cell Bus Next Generation Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus Power Train Energy retrieving through hybridization (recuperation) Higher efficiency Passenger comfort through noise reduction and steady acceleration Optimum availability improved Higher lifetime 2 Fuel Cell Systems also used in B-Class F-CELL BZ-Bus (CUTE) Technical Data Range +25% Consumption - 45% Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid Technical Data Power FC-System 250 kw Power FC-System 120 kw (const.) / 140 kw (max.) Durability (FC) 4 years Durability (FC) 6 years Drive power 205 kw, for < sec Hydrogen Storage kg Hydrogen (350 bar) Range km HV-Battery -- Durability +50% Wirkungsgrad (FC) +35% Drive power Hydrogen Storage Range HV-Battery Output (const. / max.): 2 x 80 kw / 2 x 120 kw 35 kg Hydrogen (350 bar) > 250 km 26,9 kwh, Output 250 kw Efficiency FC-System % Efficiency FC-System % H 2 -Consumption kg / 100 km H 2 -Consumption kg / 100 km 12

13 Fuel Cell Busses Current Fuel Cell Bus Models Van Hool A330 Fuel Cell New Flyer H40LFR Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid Toyota-Hino FCHV Bus Hyundai Fuel Cell Bus The fuel cell technology also reasonable applicable in buses No problems of space for the voluminous additional components (tank and battery system can be stored on the roof of the bus) Operational profile of city buses suits very good for the application of the fuel cell technology (low mileage, low average speed, ) 13

14 Costs Power Train per Vehicle Cost Potentials of the Fuel Cell Technology Fuel Cell Vehicle Hybrid Cost reduction through technical advances Cost reduction through technical advances Cost reduction through establishment of a competitive supply industry Cost reduction through scale effects Technology Generation I A-Class F-CELL Technology Generation II B-Class F-CELL Technology Mass Market Hybrid The costs for the fuel cell power train are currently much higher than those from conventional drive systems. They can be reduced considerably through scale effects and technology advances. A reduction of the costs to the level of conventional drive trains is possible. Regarding the TCO 1 comparable values to conventional drive systems are reachable. 1) Total Cost of Ownership 14

15 Development Process of Key Components - Fuel Cell Power Train AFCC NuCellSys Daimler Daimler Stack System Power Train Vehicle The Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) is a Joint-Venture between Daimler AG, Ford Motor Company und Ballard Power Systems founded in 2007 Nucellsys GmbH is a subsidiary of Daimler AG and has been founded in

16 Variety of sources to produce hydrogen and electricity today tomorrow Wind Water Solar Bio-Mass Natural Gas H2 Electricity 1. Gen. Bio-Fuels (Ethanol from wheat, Biodiesel from Rape) 2.Gen. Bio-Fuels (NExBTL, Synt. Diesel from Biomass ) Synthetic fuels (GTL) sulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds Natural Gas (CNG) Crude Oil Conventional fuels sulphur-free, free of aromatic compounds primary energy sources for car fuels fuels Potential to store the fluctuating energy and support the energy change in Germany 16

17 Technical Configuration of a Hydrogen Fueling Station Status quo of hydrogen filling stations: Pre-cooling down to -40 Celsius Pressure of the hydrogen 350 and 700 bar Infrared data interface for communication vehicle <> filling station Standard: SAE J2601, SAE J2799 Refueling time: approx. 3 minutes for the B-Class F-CELL (ca. 4 kg hydrogen) Unitized construction / scalable 17

18 Our Commitment: 20 H2-fuelling stations as a catalyst for the market introduction of fuel cell technology Key Facts Approximate allocation 20 new H 2 fuelling stations will be built from 2012 jointly by Daimler and Linde with support of federal government Fuelling stations primarily in high-density regions (e.g. Baden-Württemberg), metropolis and corridors Germany as first country, which will get an areawide H 2 -infrastructure Green Grey = in operation / ongoing implementation = Extension of existing hydrogen regions Discussions with retail partners and location agreements H 2 -fuelling stations until

19 The way to an area-wide hydrogen infrastructure network (Example Germany) Chicken-Egg Dilemma No vehicles without the infrastructure, no infrastructure without vehicles I Clean Energy Partnership ( ) H 2 and FC Demonstration project in following federal states: Berlin, Hamburg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Baden-Württemberg II III IV H 2 Mobility (since 2009) Initiative for build-up of nationwide H 2 -Infrastructure. Development of a business plan and joint venture negotiations were the first steps Daimler/Linde Cooperation ( ) 20 new H 2 fuelling stations are planned in Germany in a cooperation with The Linde Group and Daimler AG. The first station will be built in 2012 H 2 Mobility Joint Venture (from 2012/13) Transformation of H 2 Mobility to a Joint Venture 19

20 Global Main Activities for the Build-up of H 2 -Infrastructure Further activities expected in: Western Europe (Scandinavia) Asia (China) Hawaii USA H 2 filling station build-up (public filling stations) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Build up filling station infrastructure depend on CaFCP Action Plan, CARB + CEC calls. From 20,000 FC vehicles (in discussion 2,000 vehicles) the filling station operators will be obliged by law to provide the necessary H 2 infrastructure (CFO: Clean Fuels Outlet) H 2 filling station build-up (public filling stations) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario 5 Germany Build-up of the filling station infrastructure depends on the business plan within the scope of H 2 -Mobility Japan H 2 filling station build-up (public filling stations) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Build-up of the hydrogen infrastructure especially in the scope of the public funded Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Project (JHFC)

21 Currently there is a significant momentum in several markets to push for the commercialization of H2-infrastructure Announcement by 13 companies (3 OEMs and 10 energy and infrastructure providers) and the Ministry of Transport to commercialize FCEV Mass production of FCEV by HRS operational in 4 four metropolitan areas and connecting highways planned South Korea laid out "Green Car Roadmap" including action for EV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV, and bio diesel Plans to have 168 HRS and 98,800 FCEV deployed by 2020 Announced government support for EV of up to EUR 20,000 in rebates, tax exemptions, and bonus/malus Incentives for FCEV will be defined later but are expected to be comparable to EV Hyundai-Kia Motors and key hydrogen stakeholders from the Nordic countries, (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland) signed a MoU with the aim of collaboration towards market deployment of zero emission hydrogen powered FCEVs FCEV will be used to complement the Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership (SHHP) fleet of 26 FCEV and to be increased to 46 in 2011 SHHP also plans to increase number of HRS from 7 to 15 by 2015 Source: Daimler + McKinsey 21

22 Thanks for your attention! 22

23 Key Components of the Fuel Cell Power Train * Air module with filter and compressor Cooling module E-motor with transmission H 2 supply stack Fuel cell stack H 2 pressure tanks Battery PDU / PDB Humidifier for stack * Packaging example based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL 23

24 Important Steps on the Way to a Commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles started in September 2009 Commercialization FCEVs Letter of Understanding Commitment to the development and market introduction of Fuel Cell Electric vehicles Build-up H 2 -Infrastructure Memorandum of Understanding H 2 -Mobility Major companies sign up to hydrogen infrastructure built-up plan in Germany It is essential to realize the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles and the build-up of the hydrogen infrastructure at the same time and in the same dimension 24