US History, March 5. Entry Task:

Transcription

1 Entry Task: US History, March 5 A few minutes to FINISH BE A MUCKRAKER Use your book (p. 562) to label the territories on the map (listed on the bottom of the page). For some of these, you will need to DRAW them in, FYI! ~ 15 minutes Announcements: Powerpoint presentations from last/this week (table) Test will be NEXT FRIDAY (I should have a study guide to you by tomorrow) Chilson is out March 9, 10, 11 for a conference

2 Be a Muckraker: Action Plan. Requirements: You and your partner need 1 example of what you could do to help solve or bring awareness to the issue. For your EXAMPLE, answer: 1. What type of activity would you do? 2. What kind of resources/money would be needed? 3. Do you know if someone already has done this/tried something like this?

3 Texting while Driving (EXAMPLE) 1. I think it would help to create a commercial highlighting facts about texting while driving, such as: Five seconds is the average time your eyes are off the road while texting. When traveling at 55mph, that's enough time to cover the length of a football field. (2009, VTTI) 2. I would need a video camera, actors, research, etc. 3. The State Attorneys General and Ad Council already have made commercials to try and let people know how dangerous it is to text and drive.

4 American Foreign Acquisitions, 1917

5 Objective: To examine the Age of Imperialism, with a focus on America s role. imperialism - the policy of powerful countries that seek to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions.

6 What are the factors involved in a country becoming imperialists? Economic The growth of industry increased the need for natural resources. Commerce New markets and expansion of trade into Asia & Latin America. Nationalistic European nations competed for large empires was the result of a rise in nationalism Military Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the world to refuel and supply navy ships. Humanitarian Desire/duty to spread western civilizations to other countries.

7 The World s Plunderers Thomas Nast The Imperialists Great Britain France Belgium Germany Japan Russia

8 Age of Imperialism ( ) * By 1914, European countries had seized control of almost all of Africa and Southeast Asia.

9 Russia Japan France United States Netherlands Portugal Great Britain Princely States of India (British protectorates)

10 A Lesson for Anti-Expansionists showing how Uncle Sam has been an expansionist first, last, and all the time. Judge, 1899

11 1. Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: Example: Americans owned 90% of sugar plantations in Cuba - #1 industry on the island

12 1. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade:

13 2. Military/Strategic Interests Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History:

14 Expanding U.S. Interests The Monroe Doctrine Originally meant that the United States declared itself neutral in European wars and warned other nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. Later, the doctrine was interpreted to mean a more active role to protect the interests of the United States.

15 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The Hierarchy of Race The White Man s Burden

16 US goal was always expansion Cartoon-US Expansion1

17 EXAMPLE 1: Judge, 1899

18 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905

19 5. Closing the American Frontier

20 FOR EXPANSION AGAINST EXPANSION Imperialists Theodore Roosevelt William McKinley William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Anti-Imperialist League Mark Twain Andrew Carnegie Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams

21 US History, March 6 Entry Task: Please find/take out your Chilson will assign each table a cartoon to analyze (typical results of US occupation). Announcements: Grades were updated yesterday please check! Test will be NEXT week (Fri) take a look at your study guide.

22 Seward s Folly : 1867 $7.2 million

23 Seward s Icebox : 1867

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25 FOR EXPANSION AGAINST EXPANSION Imperialists Theodore Roosevelt William McKinley William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Anti-Imperialist League Mark Twain Andrew Carnegie Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams

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27 U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.

28 Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

29 Statue is located in downtown Honolulu between the State Capitol Building and Iolani Palace

30 Hawaii s Economy 75% of wealth from sugar plantations Plantations owned by Americans - Labor imported from Japan/China 1876 no duty on Hawaiian sugar 1887 King forced to grant voting rights to only wealthy landowners 1887 U.S. gained rights to Pearl Harbor

31 Hawaii s Economy 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminated the dutyfree status of Hawaiian sugar Hawaiian sugar had to compete with other sugar growers, especially Cuba Annexation of Hawaii would mean Hawaiian sugar would become duty-free

32 Queen Lili uokalani The cause of Hawaiian independence is larger and dearer than the life of any man connected with it. Love of country is deep seated in the breast of every Hawaiian, whatever his station.

33 Deposing the Queen Queen Lil wanted to create a new Constitution: end property qualifications for voting Restore power to native Hawaiians

34 End of the Hawaiian Monarchy American and European businessmen organized the Committee of Safety in opposition to the Queen Coup d etat - January 1893 US Marines and US Sailors, summoned by John L. Stevens, took positions Queen Liliuokalani abdicated, knowing there was no chance Blount Report Stevens was recalled

35 To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

36 Uncle Sam: "Grover this game has been too deep for you. Every move you've made has been a blunder, and now you've lost your Black Queen and the game. President Cleveland was an anti-imperialist and refused to annex Hawaii. His Little Hawaiian Game Checkmated Uncle Sam and Pres. Cleveland are playing chess with pieces representing the U.S. senators and Queen Lili'uokalani.

37 Hawaii was annexed in 1898 when President McKinley took office and became the fiftieth state in Another Shotgun Wedding A woman (Hawaii) and Uncle Sam are getting married, kneeling before the minister (Pres. McKinley) who is reading from a book entitled "Annexation Policy".

38 Recent News for Native Hawaiians Native Hawaiians make up 20% of population 1993: Clinton apologized for US role in the overthrow Recent news: With a final vote pending in the U.S. Senate and Hawaii-born President Barack Obama on their side, the nation's 400,000 Native Hawaiians could earn federal recognition and the land, money and power that comes with it. HR 2314 passed in the House DID NOT PASS in the Senate

39 American Foreign Acquisitions, 1917

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41 US History, March 6 Entry Task: Quick activity (Chilson will give directions). Announcements: Please take out your PACKET from yesterday! Did you turn in your writing prompt from class yesterday? TEST next Wednesday CLUB PICTURES tomorrow, FYI.

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43 QUESTION #1 The United States should use military force only if attacked by a foreign nation first. YES Go over by Chilson s desk/the door NO Go over by the large FLAG on the wall. NOT SURE Go by the printers.

44 QUESTION #2 It is justifiable for the United States to use military force to protect U.S. financial interests. YES Go over by Chilson s desk/the door NO Go over by the large FLAG on the wall. NOT SURE Go by the printers.

45 QUESTION #3 It is acceptable to go to war to remove dictatorships and promote democracy. YES Go over by Chilson s desk/the door NO Go over by the large FLAG on the wall. NOT SURE Go by the printers.

46 QUESTION #4 It is the United States responsibility to be the policemen of the world. YES Go over by Chilson s desk/the door NO Go over by the large FLAG on the wall. NOT SURE Go by the printers.

47 QUESTION #5 President Washington was correct the United States should avoid foreign entanglements. YES Go over by Chilson s desk/the door NO Go over by the large FLAG on the wall. NOT SURE Go by the printers.

48 US History, March 6 Entry Task: Please find/take out your map and cartoons from yesterday. Chilson will assign each table a cartoon to analyze (typical results of US occupation). Announcements: Test will be NEXT week (Fri) study guide given out today. Today: Spanish American War and Philippine American War Remember Chilson will be out next Mon, Tues, Wed (Movie about Hawaii, fill out a packet, and CSE about Imperialism)

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50 Seward s Folly : 1867 $7.2 million

51 Seward s Icebox : 1867

52 Hawaii was annexed in 1898 when President McKinley took office and became the fiftieth state in Another Shotgun Wedding A woman (Hawaii) and Uncle Sam are getting married, kneeling before the minister (Pres. McKinley) who is reading from a book entitled "Annexation Policy."

53 Spanish American War Spain once held one of the largest world empires: 15 th c. to 1800 s

54 Causes of the Spanish-American War American Economic Interests in Cuba American support of Cuban Rebels to gain independence from Spain Sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor Yellow Journalism DeLome Letter

55 José Martí - Cuban patriot that wrote about the need for Cuban independence. He died fighting the Spanish in José Martí La Guantanamera, Cuba's most famous song, is based upon Jose Martí's poem Versos Sencillos.

56 Spain controlled Cuba since 1500 s. Cuban people were fighting a revolution against Spanish brutality Cubans wanted their independence from Spain 90 miles from U.S. Protect our trade

57 General Valeriano Weyler Spanish governor of Cuba that used brutal tactics against the Cubans. He was responsible for detaining over 500,000 Cubans and killing over 100,000. * Americans sympathized with the Cuban desire for freedom.

58 Valeriano Weyler s Reconcentration Policy (Separate rebels) Warning! Disturbing images "It is difficult and almost impossible to express by writing the general aspect of the inmates of the fosos, because it is entirely beyond the line of what civilized humanity is accustomed to see; therefore no language can describe it."

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60 Uncle Sam watches as the "Goddess of Liberty" heralds freedom for Cuba,

61 Yellow Journalism - Joseph Pulitzer s World and William Randolph Hearst s Journal competed to publish the most grisly stories of Spanish cruelty. (left) Joseph Pulitzer WORLD and (right) William Randolph Hearst JOURNAL

62 The Yellow Kid Started off as a comic strip in Pulitzer s WORLD Artist soon hired by Hearst for the JOURNAL

63 Examples of Yellow Journalism: bold headlines and articles

64 The Journal vs. the World An article appeared in the Journal in July 1898 describing the death of Colonel Reflipe W. Thenuz, whose name was an anagram of the phrase, "We pilfer the news." The next day, Pulitzer's paper carried the item, being bold enough to add specific dateline information to make the story appear authentic. The Journal celebrated the gaffe for over a month while the World maintained a "pained silence" on its blunder.

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66 Hearst supposedly said to Fredric Remington, You supply me the photos, I ll supply you the war.

67 - President McKinley, however, wanted to avoid war with Spain.

68 Remember the Maine! President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American citizens and property.

69 Feb. 14, 1898: an explosion on the USS Maine occurs, killing 266 sailors

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71 Rallying cry, Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!

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73 Investigations in 1911 (?), 1976 (internal explosion), and 1999 (probably a mine, outside explosion). STILL undecided whodunnit.

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76 Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana; Monument to the Maine in Havana (above)

77 De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. Criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.

78 The Spanish-American War (1898): lasts for less than 4 months That Splendid Little War How prepared was the US for war?

79 Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

80 The Rough Riders on Kettle Hill cowboys, sheriffs, outlaws, Native Americans and elites, organized by TR, led by Leonard Wood

81 The Spanish-American War (1898): That Splendid Little War

82 Dewey Captures Manila in only 7 hours, Spanish fleet is destroyed; 1 American casualty

83 Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino Revolutionists Filippino Revolution

84 SP War in Pacific Battle of Santiago Harbor (Cuba) one person was killed by Spanish cannon fire (vs. 350 Spanish in around 3 hours).

85 Results of the War TREATY OF PARIS Independence of Cuba Ended Spanish Empire Soldiers from North & South fought together 1 st war that the motion picture camera played a role Outbreak of the Philippine-American War

86 Casualties of the War 274,000 US soldiers sent to Cuba only 379 killed in battle rest (out of 3,000) killed by malaria, yellow fever, dysentery most from 500,000 pounds of beef purchased from Armour and Co.

87 Other issues: Army & Navy were underequipped, untrained Cuba required summer uniforms, US troops had heavy woolen coats & pants

88 Our Sphere of Influence

89 The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

90 Cuban Independence??? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Senator Orville Platt

91 Puerto Rico: Foraker Act. PR became an unincorporated territory. Citizens of PR (civilian government) 1917 Jones Act Puerto Ricans become US citizens WRITE THIS ON YOUR PACKET: Eventually becomes a commonwealth

92 Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino Revolutionists Filippino Revolution

93 Emilio Aguinaldo Realized that America, once an ally was now an enemy July 4, 1946: Philippine independence

94 Philippine American War ( ) : Filipinos vs. SPAIN (Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo) 1898: AMERICA + Filipinos vs. SPAIN (Americans promise Aguinaldo that we will help the Philippines become independent) 1899: Filipinos vs. AMERICA (The promise was broken, therefore America just replaced Spain as a colonial power)

95 The Harvest in the Philippines Life, 1899

96 Kill Everyone Over Ten Gen. Jacob Smith

97 "I am not afraid, and am always ready to do my duty, but I would like some one to tell me what we are fighting for."--arthur H. Vickers, Sergeant in the First Nebraska Regiment

98 Philippine American War ( ) Filipinos had been fighting Spain since 1896 Emilio Aguinaldo (leader) Aguinaldo s hopes are dashed when McKinley s Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation is passed: Proclamation to the Philippines Dec. 21, 1898: United States will annex the Philippines

99 Philippine American War ( ) Americans resort to using the same tactics for which they so recently criticized the Spanish; they burned whole villages, used concentration camps; Kill Everyone Over Ten General Jacob Smith s orders in Samar. Aguinaldo is captured in April 1901 sporadic fighting continues until Result of the War: 4,000 American casualties, $600 million dollars 20,000 Filipino soldiers, more civilians killed

100 SET A : Cartoon 2 Life, 1900

101 SET E :Cartoon 1 Judge, 1899

102 The American Anti-Imperialist Founded in Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders. League Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism. Carnegie offered $20 million to avoid annexation

103 Anti-Imperialist League resistance to the Philippine War.

104 SET E : Cartoon 2 The World, 1898

105 US History, March 10 Entry Task: Add this to your study guide: What is TR s BIG STICK diplomacy? AND take out a piece of paper, please! Announcements: Chilson will give 20 pts for filling out the packet keep to study for your test! TEST Wednesday. Have you filled out your study guide? TODAY: We have to do a CSE (I have to report your results to the district, so give your BEST EFFORT!)

106 QUICK REVIEW: Philippine-American War ( , though fighting lasts Until 1913) A Red-Letter Day. Life, 1900

107 The Harvest in the Philippines Life, 1899

108 Kill Everyone Over Ten Gen. Jacob Smith

109 CHINA: the sick man of Asia Japan, Russia, Germany, France, and Britain all had a foothold within China and were dividing it up into trade sectors that served only their national interests.

110 Spheres of influence Areas in a country where a foreign nation claims sole rights to trade and invest.

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112 The Open Door Policy US increases presence in Asia Tariffs had to be collected on an equal basis no favors to specific companies!

113 Uncle Sam to the European powers Gentlemen, you may cut up the map as much as like; but remember that I m here to stay and that you can t divide me up into spheres of influence.

114 The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 Righteous and Harmonious Fists secret society that wanted to rid China of foreigners 55 Days at Peking. now Beijing

115 The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Chronic wrongdoing may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention (this will) force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. Doctrine: 1905

116 Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick! Caribbean Yankee Lake

117 US FOREIGN POLICY, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen. It was his foreign policy in Latin America and Asia. ROOSEVELT S COROLLARY U.S. would act as international policemen. An addition to the Monroe Doctrine.

118 Panama: The King s Crown 1901 Hay-Herran Treaty. Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provocateur Hay-Herran Treaty: $10 million down and $250,000 each year (not ratified by Colombia) 1903 Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty

119 President Roosevelt infamously stated that "I took the Isthmus, started the canal and then left Congress not to debate the canal, but to debate me. - NY TIMES called the support from the US: an act of sordid conquest - Gunboat diplomacy

120 Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904) 5600 Americans killed $10 cost to kill each mosquito!

121 U. S. Interventions in Latin America: s

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123 Constable of the World

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125 Taft s Dollar Diplomacy Improve financial opportunities for American businesses. Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America s commercial interests. Created animosity throughout Latin America for the US

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128 The Election of 1912 The 1912 election was the most significant 3-way election since 1860: Lincoln (Republican), Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat), & John Breckenridge (Southern Democrat)

129 Wilson s Moral Diplomacy The U. S. should be the conscience of the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.

130 MEXICO Americans owned 43 percent of the land in Mexico, while foreigners from other countries owned 25 percent. By 1913, American investment in Mexico was well over a billion dollars, including significant ownership in railroads, oil resources, and mines.

131 Mexican Revolution Timeline 1857 to 1861-Civil War called the War of Reform, between liberals and conservatives, occurs in Mexico French troops occupy Mexico. Napoleon III places Austrian Archduke Maxmiliano as emperor of Mexico Porfirio Diaz leads Mexico as a dictator 1910-Francisco Madero attempts to run for president but election rigged in Diaz s favor. November, 10, 1910-Madero begins an unsuccessful revolt against Diaz 1911-Madero revolts against Diaz again with a degree of popular support (particularly from Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata) 1911-Madero becomes President of Mexico. November, 28, 1911-Discontent with lack of land reform under Madero, Emiliano Zapata issues the Plan de Ayala and rises in revolt 1913-Madero is murdered by General Victoriano Huerta, who becomes president/dictator Constitutionalist alliance (Carranza, Obregon, Villa) and independent Zapata rebel against Huerta dictatorship in favor of Constitution of July 1914-Huerta is forced to resign and flee Mexico Oct Revolutionary leaders (Villa and Zapata) reject Carranza as Mexico s President Civil War wages among revolutionary leaders For a time, 5 individuals claim to be Mexico s legitimate leader at same time. December 1914-Villa and Zapata form weak alliance against Carranza (who forms weak alliance with Obregon) 1916-Pancho Villa leads raid on Columbus, New Mexico. U.S. General John J. Pershing sent on punitive expedition to find Villa and punish him. Pershing never successful. February Carranza successful in quelling most regional revolts. Revolutionary leaders draft new, progressive Constitution. Carranza is recognized as president April 10, 1919-Emiliano Zapata is murdered in an ambush arranged by Carranza 1920-Alvaro Obregon along with the Zapatistas, Villistas, and other revolutionary groups overthrow and kill Carranza. Obregon becomes President of Mexico. Fighting Ends 1923-Pancho Villa (who had retired) is ambushed and killed

132 Searching for Banditos General John J. Pershing with Pancho Villa in 1914.

133 Result of Woodrow Wilson s Moral/Missionary Diplomacy Wilson tried to reverse the big stick diplomacy and dollar diplomacy faced pressure from businesses/investors. Despite Wilson s intentions to limit U.S. involvement in the region, he sent troops to Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, which ensured a U.S. military presence in the Caribbean and Central America for decades. Ironically, regardless of his sincere intentions to halt the spread of imperialism, Wilson intervened in Latin American affairs more than any other president.

134 America as a Pacific Power

135 Island Possessions