Barsebäck NPP in Sweden Decommissioning Project Håkan Lorentz Barsebäck Kraft AB Box 524, SE Löddeköpinge, Sweden

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1 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ Barsebäck NPP in Sweden Decmmissining Prject Håkan Lrentz Barsebäck Kraft AB Bx 524, SE Löddeköpinge, Sweden ABSTRACT Barsebäck 1 and 2, type BWR (Biling Water Reactr) with a capacity f 615 MWe was clsed dwn permanently n 30 Nvember 1999 respective 31 May 2005 due t plitical decisin. Bth units tgether have been in Service peratin (Care and maintenance) since 1 December Barsebäck NPP will stay in Service peratin until beginning f 2018 when Dismantling peratin begins with the aim f a free-realized site in the beginning f That means that the remaining buildings, including equipment shuld be declared free-released r dismantled. It wuld then be up t the wner, E.ON Kärnkraft Sverige AB (EKS) t decide what is t be dne with the site in the future. There was a re-rganisatin at Barsebäck Kraft AB (BKAB) in 1 January 2007 and the cmpany is rganised in the fllwing areas f functin: site service peratin, decmmissining planning, new business and BO replacement. The Organisatin at BKAB has gne dwn frm 450 during peratin f Barsebäck 1 and 2 t 50 emplyees ( ) invlved in Service peratin f bth units. But still there are in ttal 250 persns placed at Barsebäck NPP with different kinds f jb assignments. A lt f activities have been carried ut since 2000 and up t nw fr example: All nuclear fuel has been transprted away t interim strage at CLAB in Oskarshamn. BKAB have built up cntact nets and cmpetence by taking part in different kinds f natinal and internatinal rganisatins (SKB, IAEA, OECD/NEA TAG, WNA, ENISS, WANO, EPRI etc) cmmissins. The Electrical and peratinal systems have been rebuilt fr the actual demands and requirements fr the Service peratin. The central cntrl rm is unattended since 17 December 2007 and the supervisin f the Service peratin is handled by a system f VDI (duty engineers) and LOP (alarm peratrs). Full system decntaminatin n unit 1 and 2 Barsebäcks apprach tday and fr the future dismantling are: Safer Faster Cst effective BKAB:s strategies and appraches fr decmmissining will be an imprtant experience fr the whle Swedish Nuclear Industry, and we are cnvinced that we have and als culd create pprtunities t fulfil these appraches.

2 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ INTRODUCTION Barsebäck NPP is wned by E.ON Kärnkraft Sverige AB (EKS), a subsidiary f E.ON Sverige AB. The nuclear pwer plant is lcated in suthern Sweden n the west cast f Skåne. Barsebäck 1 and 2 Type BWR (biling water reactr) Capacity 1800 MWt, 615 MWe Start f peratin 1975 and 1977 Supplier ASEA Atm Owner EKS Licence hlder BKAB Operatr BKAB Prductin Ttal 93,4 TWh net(1999)/ 108 TWh net (2005) Status Permanently shut dwn since 30 Nvember 1999/ 31 May 2005 Operating status Service peratin (Care and maintenance) since 1 December 2006 Barsebäck 1 and 2 are tw adjacent installatins structurally linked via electrical buildings, cntrl rms and persnnel buildings. A number f prcess systems are als integrated between the units. (Picture 1) Picture 1 Barsebäck NPP in Sweden HISTORY Barsebäck 1 was clsed permanently n 30 Nvember 1999 and Barsebäck 2 n 31 May Bth clsures were due t plitical decisins. Barsebäck 1 and 2 have been in Service peratin (Care and maintenance) since 1 December 2006, when all fuel has been transprted away t interim strage t CLAB in Oskarshamn. Fr mre details abut the histry please read the dcument Barsebäck NPP in Sweden Transitin t Decmmissining Sci-Ecnmic aspects f Decmmissining (9092).

3 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ BKAB S ORGANISATION DURING SERVICE OPERATION There was a re-rganizatin at BKAB in 1 January 2007 and the cmpany is rganized in the fllwing area f functins (Picture 2) Organisatin Safety and Quality CEO Leif Öst Site service/peratin Thmas Hagentft Decmmissining planning Leif Rth New business Göran Larssn BO Eva Telg Supprtive departments Planning Planering Picture 2 BKAB rganizatin during Service peratin Site Service peratin the missin is t secure that the Plant has the right status during service peratin and t supprt the future dismantling. The Area includes supervisin, maintenance, mdificatins, inspectin, security, fire safety, waste management, ccupatinal health, radiatin prtectin and envirnmental issues. Decmmissining planning the missin is t create lng-term cnditins fr a safe and csteffective dismantling. New business n businesslike cnditins use the site fr ther activities. We can ffer buildings and systems (as an example Barsebäck Test & Maintenance Centre), ffices, stres, wrkshps, htels ffer services and cmpetence (as an example service fr E.ON Gas turbines), sell cmpnents and equipment. BO Barsebäck replacement department This department gives supprt t staff during the 3 years f emplyment guarantee t turn ver new emplyment/ccupatins. The Organisatin at Barsebäck Kraft AB (BKAB) has gne dwn frm 450 during peratin f Barsebäck 1 and 2 t 50 emplyees ( ) invlved in Service peratin f bth units. But still there are in ttal 250 persns placed at Barsebäck NPP with different kinds f jb assignments. DEMANDS FROM THE AUTHORITIES The Decmmissining plan fr Barsebäck NPP is based n current requirements frm the Swedish Radiatin Safety Authrity (SSM).

4 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ SSM requires that there shuld be a preliminary decmmissining plan when a nuclear installatin is built. This plan will be in mre detail befre the final dismantling starts up. The Envirnmental Law in Sweden requires a curt rder frm the Envirnmental Curt, including an Envirnmental Impact Assessment, befre the wner f a nuclear facility can start up the decmmissining f the plant. An EIA fr Service peratin have been sent in t the Curt during 2006 and the curt rder has given BKAB permissin fr Service peratin until There have t be a new applicant fr a license fr 2013 up t 2017 fr the remaining Service peratin perid. STRATEGY Owner f the Barsebäck NPP, EKS, have the future respnsibility fr dismantling f the NPP. There is an Agreement between EKS and BKAB, wh wrks as an peratr during the Service peratin perid. BKAB is a Vattenfall cmpany and is wned by Ringhals AB (100 %). Ringhals AB is wned by Vattenfall (70,44 %) and by E.ON Sverige AB (29,56 %). Fllwing strategies have been develped fr the Service peratin perid and the Dismantling perid f Barsebäck NPP (Picture 3): Decmmissining in accrding t the Swedish system (transprtatin and final strage f radiactive waste handled by SKB). This means that the final repsitry fr the shrt-lived lwand medium-active dismantling waste, SFR3, must be ready and in peratin befre dismantling begins. Accrding t SKB:s plan the strage is in peratin Dismantling f Barsebäck 1 and 2 will prbably be carried ut under a jint prject. Service peratin must be simple, safe and cst-ptimized. This means placing the plant in the lwest energy mde, reducing the need fr mnitring, minimizing residual safety risk and ptimizing the cst f service peratin and future dismantling. Service peratin Dismantling peratin Supervisin f the plant Planning fr dismantling Prepr. - fr Dismantling. Dismantling Free-realized site 1 December Picture 3 Scenari fr decmmissining f Barsebäck 1 and 2 BKAB:s apprach fr the dismantling are: Safer Eliminate and reduce risks by a system decntaminatin, start the dismantling by taking ut large cmpnents, well-prepared steps, a Safety Analyze Reprt fr dismantling.

5 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ Faster Create cnditins fr a flexible lgistics by a detailed characterizatin, legal aspects fully analyzed, a gd planning prcess, the prcess fr each type f waste clarified in detail, the final strage facility fr dismantling waste in peratin. Cst effective Fcus n the time-schedule by planning fr less than five years time fr dismantling f the site. Fcus n the end pint f a free realized site fr reuse. The ultimate aim f the decmmissining f Barsebäck NPP is that the remaining buildings f the plant, including equipment, shuld be declared free-released r dismantled. It wuld then be up t the wner f the site (EKS) t decide what is t be dne with buildings and the land as a whle (Picture 4) Final dismantling f Barsebäck NPP Time Schedule Main activities: B1 Decmissining Preparatins B1 Large Cmpnent Remval B1 Site Decntaminatin B1 Site License Terminatin B2 Decmissining Preparatins B2 Large Cmpnent Remval B2 Site Decntaminatin B2 Site License Terminatin Site Restratin Picture 4 Main Activities fr Final Dismantling The decmmissining prject at Barsebäck NPP, tday and in the future, will be an imprtant experience fr the whle Swedish Nuclear Industry. BKAB`S INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION ON DECOMMISSIONING There was a re-rganizatin f BKAB during the first half-year f The cmpany was rganized in ne supervisin department fr unit 2 still in peratin and ne decmmissining department fr unit 1. This was imprtant accrding t internatinal sk. Lessns learned t have different kinds f fcus. The emplyees at unit 1 handled the supervisin (with help frm cntrl rm s staff frm unit 2) f the site and als planning fr the future dismantling f bth units. One imprtant missin fr the department f unit 1 was t build up natinal and internatinal netwrk and knwledge fr decmmissining including the future dismantling. The missin was t: Capture experience bth natinal and internatinal Fllw dismantling prjects arund the wrld

6 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ T create cnditins t reduce life-time csts Create a cntact netwrk with natinal and internatinal rganizatins, authrities, pwer plants, experts, cnsulting and cntracting cmpanies and thers Participate in natinal and internatinal activities BKAB s internatinal activities have fcus n influence f requirements and experience and influence f D&D. On influence f requirements BKAB are wrking pr-actively with fllwing rganizatins: IAEA Onging activities: Prject FaSa Safety Analyses during a facility Life cycle. Membership in IAEA IDN Internatinal Decmmissining Netwrk Example f previus activities: Prject DeSa, there Barsebäck NPP was ne f the Test cases. Taking part in different kinds f expert grups in prducing Safety Reprts and Technical Reprts Safety Reprts series n 31 Managing the Early Terminatin f Operatin f Nuclear Pwer Plants Technical Reprts 411 Recrd Keeping fr the Decmmissining f Nuclear Facilities: Guidelines and Experience Technical Reprts 420 Transitin frm Operatin t Decmmissining f Nuclear Installatins Technical Reprts 464 Managing the Sciecnmic Impact f the Decmmissining f Nuclear Facilities Guide fr the preparatin f plicies and strategies fr the Decmmissining f Nuclear Facilities (draft versin) WNA Wrld Nuclear Assciatin Membership in WG Radiatin Prtectin and WG Waste Management & Decmmissining Onging activities: Making influence n dcuments frm IAEA RASSC and WASSC fre example the IAEA reviewed BSS DS379 and DS 284 Example f previus activities: Cmments n ICRP new framewrk and IAEA Dcuments, Prducing WNA Psitin Statements n Safe Decmmissining f Civil Nuclear Industry Sites and WNA Psitin Statement n Remval frm regulatry cntrl f material cntaining radiactivity Exemptin and clearance. Seminar n recycling and re-use f material FORATOM ENISS BKAB is a member f ENISS Eurpean Nuclear Installatins Safety Standards Waste/Decm Safety Grup Onging activities:

7 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ Making influence n n-ging dcuments frm IAEA RASSC/WASSC, WENRA Safety Reference level reprts, ENEF Eurpean Nuclear Energy Frum. Example f n-ging dcuments are IAEA DS 379, DS 284 and DS 416 Example f previus activities: Cmments n WENRA Decmmissining Safety Reference Level Reprt Cmments n IAEA Safety Assessment fr Decmmissining f Nuclear Facilities DS 376 On experience and influence f D&D BKAB are wrking pr-actively with fllwing rganizatins: OECD/NEA BKAB are a member f the CPD TAG (Technical Advisr Grup) ( ). This grup cnsists f wrld wide nging Decmmissining prjects frm NPP:s and Research Reactrs sharing Lessns Learned frm the prjects. The Grup has wrkshps meetings twice a year were the member s present s prgresses frm the last six mnths. There are als presentatins n a specified tpic fre example characterizatin, free realize f sil and grundwater there the members can share their experiences. BKAB participate in different kinds f sk. Task grups. Tw grups have recently started up, Dispsal f large cmpnents and R&D f Decmmissining techniques. EPRI BKAB is a member f the Decmmissining Technlgy Prgram ( ). The purpse with the prgram is t minimize the cst and risks f decmmissining trugh enhanced planning, applying lessns learned by ther utilities. Onging activities: During 2008 we have started up supprt frm EPRI cnsulting experts in the Characterizatin prject (prject KAKA) and BKAB Decmmissining planning prcess. BKAB and EPRI are planning fr a wrkshp in Sweden during 2009 with a fcus f the Requirements fr the future dismantling f Barsebäck NPP. OTHER MAIN ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE BEEN DONE: Fllwing main activities have been dne befre and during Service peratin: An verall Decmmissining plan has been presented and accepted by the wner and SSM. All nuclear fuel have been transprted away t interim strage at CLAB in Oskarshamn Hazardus material such us turbine il and chemicals has been taken away frm the site. A radiactivity survey f Barsebäck NPP has been carried ut. Events that may have generated radiactive spillage int the installatins f the Barsebäck plant have been analyzed. Sme preventive maintenance has been switch t crrective maintenance. Inventry f existing dcuments has been dne and cntinues. Barsebäck 1 has been used fr an internatinal R&D prject, CONMOD (prgressive ageing f the cncrete in the cntainment).

8 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ A new Management system, a new Safety Analyze Reprt (SAR) and a new Safety Technical Regulatin (STF) fr Service peratin has been created and apprved by the Swedish Authrity, SSM. Prject ANPEL. Rebuilding f the electricity systems and peratin systems. The gal was t adjust the electrical systems fr the actual demands and requirements fr the Service peratin and t create a site easier t survey and t reduce csts fr peratin and maintenance. Prject Decntaminatin. Decntaminatin has been dne, during 2007/2008, at Barsebäck 1 and 2 f the primary systems and the lwer parts f the reactr tank with an excellent result. The gal was t establish acceptable wrking cnditins fr the Service peratin and t establish lw dse rate status in the primary systems t make it pssible t use simple techniques fr dismantling, demlitin and transprtatins in the future. The cmpany AREVA:s Crd methd was used in cperatin with experts and equipments frm Oskarshamn NPP (OKG). The Prject received a decntaminatin factr n average f 293 fr Barsebäck 1 and 93 fr Barsebäck 2. The Central cntrl rm is unattended since 17 December 2007 and the supervisin f the Service peratin is handled by a system f duty engineers (VDI). VDI is n duty during 24 hurs per day. A functin as alarm peratr (LOP) has been established. Guarding persnals frm the Guarding central (BC) serve as a LOP and take cntact with VDI when an alarm ges. After that it is VDI:s respnsibility t make the right decisins and steps. BC is staffed 24 hurs per day. MAIN ACTIVITIES DURING SERVICE OPERATION Fllwing main activities are planned t be dne during the fllwing Service peratin perid: Cntinue t prve and make influence f new regulatins bth internatinal frm IAEA and EC and natinal frm the Swedish Authrities mainly SSM. SSM is just nw preparing a new regulatin fr free-release f material, lcals and building built n internatinal recmmendatins frm IAEA and EC. The wner f the Swedish nuclear facilities has sent in their cmments t SSM n a submissin cncept. The wners representatives are nw writing a sk. Cde f practice, like the ne in UK, t meet the new demands f nuclide specific measurement and lwer free-realize levels. BKAB have stated up a minr prject grup (prject RIVKRAV) t analyze Swedish laws and regulatins that have influence n the future dismantling n Barsebäck NPP. The Grups purpse is als t find ut any gaps were there is lack f needed regulatins and start up a pr-active prcess with the Swedish Authrities t fill these gaps. Time schedule fr the prject is 2009 up t Prject Characterizatin will start up in February The gal is t characterize radiactivity in systems, buildings and grund and als analyze the rest f hazarders materials such as asbestsis. An nging analyzes is lking at pssibilities and alternatives t take ut the hle reactr tank in ne part and deliver it t SKB fr transprtatin t the final strage. During 2009 there will be a parallel analyzes f segmentatin f the reactr tank. Dispsal f peratinal waste stred n site. Cre grids frm the peratinal perid are stred n site in pls waiting fr apprved transprtatin cask and sent t a natinal interim strage. This interim strage is planed t be in peratin 2012 and the cre grids are planed t be stred here until the final deep repsitry is in peratin In exchanger masses frm the peratinal perid are

9 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ stred in tanks at the Barsebäck site. New equipment has been installed at Barsebäck NPP t slidify these masses in cncrete. After a prcess fr acceptance frm the Authrities we nw can start the slidificatin during 2009 and it takes apprx. 7 years t finish. Cntinue t create and up-date dismantling plans fr Barsebäck 1 and 2 Supervisin and maintenance t reduce the ttal perating maintenance csts f the Barsebäck plant. This means t analyze preservatin f systems and cmpnents, maintenance csts tie t new purchase t the schedule with a lng perid f Service peratin and thereafter the fllwing final dismantling. This als means t ptimize energy cnsumptins via electricity, gas, water and ventilatin system. EIA fr extensin f Service peratin 2013 up t 2017 EIA fr the Dismantling peratin perid. New Safety Analyze Reprt (SAR) fr the Dismantling peratin perid. The verall planning t day bears the stamp f a great number f different preliminary studies. These studies must be put tgether in due time t a basis f the decisin fr the wner f the plant, EKS t start up the prjecting f the final dismantling f Barsebäck NPP at the later half f the Service peratin perid. LESSONS LEARNED Belw brings ut sme imprtant lessns learned frm Barsebäck NPP decmmissining prject: The re-rganizatin during 2000 when Unit 1 and its emplyees fcused n Decmmissining and Unit 2 fcused n supervisin was imprtant t maintain safety and cst ptimizatin n the site. T have a scial and ecnmical prgram fr the emplyees is imprtant. An pen dialg with stakehlders, as an example the Authrities, creates cnfidence. The ptimal way t prve and t make influence n new regulatins frm the Natinal authrities is t start that prcess early n the internatinal arena, IAEA and EC. A gd planning prcess is mst imprtant. If yu have a minr rganizatin it is very easy t underestimate the needs frm yur wn persnal with vital knwledge frm the sites cnstructin. Barsebäck fund ut that sme key electrical persnal was needed in sme prject nging at the same time. D a gd analyze f the prjects and d nt miss t cmpare them t find ut if there are any verlaps f key persnals. T create gd wrking cnditins n the site there is a prfit t d system decntaminatin as early as pssible. Befre staffs with experience and knwledge ver histrical events leaves the cmpany d an inventry. Have a system fr verlapping f area f respnsibility when emplyees leave the cmpany.

10 WM2009 Cnference, March 1-5, 2009, Phenix, AZ Updated dcumentatin is vital during the whle decmmissining prcess. There can be a lt f useful infrmatin s in sk. Private archives. Mind setting frm peratin t decmmissining is a key t success. BKAB:s experience is that an frmer peratin rganizatin needs external helps frm internatinal experts. If yu are ging t use a site that has clsed dwn permanently during a perid f Service peratin fr new business there can be a cnflict between placing the site in the lwest energy mde. If yu have tw units use perhaps nly ne unit fr new business. Clear the site frm hazardus material as sn as pssible. It is vital fr the Safety Analyze Reprts that have been dn fr the Service peratin. Have pened mind fr experience, c-peratin in natinal and internatinal frums t share sk. Lessn Learned. REFERENCES 1. LORENTZ/PÅLSSON, The Decmmissining plan fr Barsebäck NPP (Darwin ), 2008