A Case Study on Monitoring Environmental Impact of Flue Gases to a Coal-Fired Electrical Generating Station

Transcription

1 A as Study on onitoring Environmntal Impact of Flu Gass to a oal-fird Elctrical Gnrating Station ORNELIA A. BULUEA 1 ANDREEA. JELES 2 NIKOS E. ASTORAKIS AREN A. BULUEA 4 ORINA. BRINDUSA 4 1 Faculty of Elctromchanical and Environmntal Enginring, Univrsity of raiova ROANIA 2 Tchnical ollg of Arts and rafts onstantin Brancusi of raiova ROANIA ilitary Instituts of Univrsity Education, Hllnic Naval Acadmy GREEE 4 Univrsity of dicin and Pharmacy of raiova ROANIA abuluca@gmail.com, andr_8@yahoo.com, mastorakis4567@gmail.com, rinstalctin@yahoo.com Abstract: Th nvironmntal impact of stack gas to Turcni coil-fird lctrical gnrating station has bn carrid out on basis of pollutant vctor assssmnt. Th nvironmntal pollutants blonging to flu gass vctor, as sulfur dioxid, nitrogn oxids NO x, particulat mattr P, and carbon dioxid O 2 hav bn analyzd in this cas study prformd to Turcni powr plant of Romania. athmatical modls of nvironmntal pollutant vctor, stimating th mission s spcific to fossil ful combustion procss hav bn applid for distinct opration situations of th thrmal units of 0 W to Turcni lctrical gnrating station. For ach stack gass componnt of pollutant vctor, th rsults with rgard to mission and pollutant concntration ar prsntd in this study. Projction in th irror of th flu gass pollutant vctor had owd an valuation of mass concntration of th ash in th combustion gass quill. In this cas study to Turcni powr plant, for th thrmolctric units of 0 W th nomograms of ash-particulat mattr pollutant hav bn simulatd. Ky-Words: oal fossil ful, Elctrical gnrating station, Environmntal impact, Flu gass, Pollutant vctor, Powr plant, Sustainabl Dvlopmnt 1 Introduction As it is widly accptd across th world, within th prsnt industrial mtabolism, lctric and thrmal nrgy gnration, as on of th main consumrs of fossil fuls, and coal in particular [1,2,,4], causs problms rlatd to th nvironmntal rlass in opration of th powr plants. Th coal-fird lctrical gnrating stations rprsnt th largr contributor to acid rain of any industrial activity, sinc thy ar th largr sourc of sulfur oxids. Th coal-fird industrial applications ar also a significant sourc of nitrogn oxids, with an impact comparabl to that of transportation [4,5,6,7]. Hnc, th combustion of coal strongly contributs to acid rain and grnhous gas, having bn connctd with global warming [5]. Unfortunatly, byond th nvironmntal impact, th human halth impact of burning coal in lctrical gnrating stations rprsnts a srious concrn. Bing xposd to ths toxic air pollutants mittd by a coal-fird powr plant, popl ar xprincing hart disass, rspiratory illnss and lung cancr. Air pollution from coal-fird stations is also associatd with othr halth disass, such as infant dath, chronic bronchitis, asthma, advrs rproductiv outcoms and othr lung disass [6,7,8]. 2 Procss Flow to a oal-fird Elctrical Gnrating Station Thrmolctric powr gnration in a coal-fird plant consists in th convrsion of thrmal nrgy into lctrical nrgy, on basis of a coal-fossil ful sourc to hat a liquid to produc a high prssur ISBN:

2 gas (usuy watr is hatd to produc stam) which thn is xpandd ovr a turbin that runs an lctric gnrator [4,9,10]. Th driving forc for this procss is th phas chang of th gas to a liquid following th turbin, and this is whr th rquirmnt for cooling watr ariss. A vacuum is cratd in th condnsation procss which draws th gas ovr th turbin, sinc this low prssur is critical to th thrmodynamic fficincy of th procss. ainly, th watr rquirmnt in coal-fird powr plants is as cooling watr for condnsing th stam. Th stam condnsation typicy occurs in a shll-and-tub hat xchangr that is known as a condnsr. Th oprating paramtrs of th cooling systm ar critical to th ovr powr gnration yild. At powr plants, th combustion gass, which ar cd flu gass, ar xhaustd to th outsid air through th chimny. Flu gas is usuy composd of carbon dioxid, watr vapor, as wll as sulfur oxids, nitrogn oxids, particulat mattr and carbon monoxid [11,12,1,14,15,16]. It must b notd that bcaus th combustion flu gass insid th chimny ar much hottr than th nvironmntal air, and consquntly lss dns than th outsid air, at th bottom of th vrtical column of hot flu gas th prssur is lowr than at th bottom of a corrsponding column of outsid air. That mans th driving forc moving th combustion air into th combustion zon, as wll as flowing th flu gas up and out of th chimny is rprsntd by that highr prssur outsid th chimny [,4, 17,18]. This study dals with th assssmnt of flu gas pollutant vctor, sinc th most important nvironmntal and human halth pollution causd by th coal-fird powr plants coms from th mission into th air of gass, that ntail sulfur dioxid, nitrogn oxids, particulat mattr and carbon dioxid. Thr ar a srious of nd-of-pip tchnologis for trating and rmoving pollutants from th flu gass producd by burning coal in th lctrical gnrating stations. Still, aiming to th sustainabl framwork of lanr Production, ths mrging tchnologis for th tratmnt and rmoval of pollutants from th combustion gass should b accompanid worldwid by rsponsibl monitoring of th nvironmntal pollutants. as Study. Flu Gass Pollutant Vctor to Turcni Powr Plant This study follows th opration of thrmolctric units of 0 W on lignit to Turcni lctrical gnrating station with rgard to th flu gass mission. Th stam boilr of typ A 0 W is a main dvic of thrmal units of 0 W to Turcni Fig. 1 Schmatic rprsntation of stam boilr Vulcan 105 t/h coal-fird lctrical gnrating station, as wll as to Rovinari and raiova powr plants from Oltnia rgion. Th stam boilr of typ A 0 W, with a flow rat of 105 t/h (s Fig.1) is supplid with solid fossil ful, of typ lignit coal. [4,11,12,17]. Th main tchnical charactristics of a 0 W gnrator (s Fig.2), as dvic within a thrmolctric unit to Turcni powr plant ar dpictd in Tabl 1. Fig. 2 Thrmolctric block of 0 W: Stam turbin FI 0 W + Turbo gnrator THA 0-2 Tabl 1 No. Tchnical charactristics agnitud 1 Apparnt powr 88 VA 2 Activ powr 0 W Spd 000 rpm 4 Frquncy 50 Hz 5 Voltag 24 kv 6 Elctric currnt 94 A 7 Phas numbr 8 Phas connction Y.1 Flu Gass Assssmnt with SEDD thodology Flu gass monitoring during th opration of a coal-fird powr plant is an ssntial stp in assssing th nvironmntal and human halth impact of pollutants. This cas study dals with flu gass pollutant vctor, and th assssmnt of th pollutant missions from Turcni powr plant is basd on ISBN:

3 SEDD thodology, that is laboratd by th Stratgy and Economic Dvlopmnt Division within Romanian Elctrical Dpartmnt as calculation mthod (PE-1). Th mthodology is basd on th mathmatical modls that ar dpicting th mission s spcific to ful combustion procss [11,17]. By dfinition, th mission rprsnts th pollutant amount vacuatd in atmosphr pr hat quantity unit producd by ful combustion in th boilr [4, 11, 16,17]. For distinct pollutants th mission s ar dtrmind xprimnty. Thy ar dpnding on ful charactristics, constructiv typ of th combustion instation, as wll on ful calorific powr. Emission s can b corrctd in accordanc with th ful composition and th applid combustion tchnology. Ful amount and according calorific powr ar dtrmind by ful lot. On could also notic that in cas of svral ful typs utilization, th total amount of a crtain pollutant is dtrmind by summing th missions corrsponding to ach of thm. Th flow rat of th pollutant vacuatd into th atmosphr (th mission) is dtrmind [11, 12, 14, 17,18] as: EPol = B H Pol[ g / hk ] (1) whr: E Pol [ g / hk ] is th flow rat of pollutant vacuatd into atmosphr; B[ g / hk ] is th ful flow rat; H [ kj / kg] is th infrior calorific powr of ful, and Pol [ kg / kj ] is th mission. ass concntration of th pollutant vacuatd by combustion is dtrmind as: 6 mpol = EPol 10 / DGaz[ mg / mn ] (2) whr: E Pol [ g / hk ] is th mass flow rat of pollutant vacuatd into atmosphr, and DGaz [ mn / h] is th volum flow rat of combustion gass..1.1 Pattrn of Pollutant Th mission for sulfur dioxid is: SO S 2 S SO = (1 r) [kg/kj] () 2 H whr: [kg/kj] is th mission for ; [kg/kmol] is th molcular mass of ; [kg/kmol] is th molcular mass of sulfur; S S[%] rprsnts th sulfur amount into th ful; H [kj/kg] is th infrior calorific powr of th ful, and r is th rtntion dgr of sulfur in slag and ash (r = 0.2 for lignit coal ful)..1.2 Pattrn of Pollutant NO x alculation of NO x mission is basd on th mission s that ar indicatd on Tabl 2, applying thn an oxygn corrction for a % load of th boilr. Tabl 2 NOx Ful Thrmal powr of boilr [Wt] >00 kg/kj g/gj kg/kj g/gj kg/kj g/gj Lignit 2* ,2* ,6* oal,8* ,2* ,5* Oil 1,9* ,1* ,8* Natural gas 1,* ,5* ,7* For th mission calculation at partial loads (>50%) th following corrction it is applid: x L 50 = [ a + (1 a) ] [kg/kj] (4) NO x NO x 50 whr: [kg/kj] is th mission at load x; NO x x NO x [kg/kj] is th mission at load %; L [%] is th boilr load, and a is th ful typ cofficint (a = 0.5 for coal ful)..1. Pattrn of Pollutant P (ash and dust) alculation of mission spcific to particulat mattr pollutant is dtrmind as follows: ( 1 x /)(1 y /) * A / Pub = [kg/kj] (5) H whr: Pub [kg/kj] is th mission for ash; A [%] is th ash contnt in th coal; x [%] is th rtntion dgr of ash in th focus; y [%] is th yild of th instation for dust rtntion; H [kj/kg] is th infrior calorific powr of ful. Tabl Paramtr U Lignit oal oal A ash contnt in coal x rtntion dgr of ash in focus y fficincy of dust rtntion instation (lctrostatic prcipitator) (import) [%] [%] 15 [%] dpnding on tim intrval aftr ach shaking.1.4 Pattrn of Pollutant O 2 Emission s for O 2, according to Europan Union rgulation, ar dpictd in Tabl 4. Tabl 4 O2 Ful kg/kj g/gj oal (lignit) 98* Oil 72* Natural gas 50* ISBN:

4 alculation of mission spcific to pollutant O 2 is dtrmind as: O2 O = 2 H [kg/kj] (6) whr: O 2 [kg/kj] is th mission for O 2 ; O 2 [kg/kmol] is th molcular mass of carbon; [%] is th carbon contnt in th ful; H [kj/kg] is th infrior calorific powr of th ful..2 Projction in irror of Flu Gass Pollutant Vctor Th flu gass pollutant vctor is dpictd [11, 17,18,19,29,21] by origin, dirction, sns and magnitud: - pollutant vctor origin is rprsntd by th gass vacuation chimny of th powr plant; - pollutant vctor dirction has a tmporary charactr and it is dfind mainly by th climat s, wind spd having bn th most important; - pollutant vctor sns is dfind by th vacuation chimny for th combustion gass; - pollutant vctor magnitud is dtrmind by th contnt of pollutants, that is variabl, dcrasing as distanc incrasd from th chimny. Th Projction in th irror of th pollutant vctor ows th valuation of th mass concntration of ash in th flu gass quill, on distancs of svral hundrd mtrs [11,20,21,22,2]. This projction is basd on th symmtry btwn th flu gass chimny and th combustion gass quill rlatd to a highr symmtry axis (s Fig.). This way th flu gass quill can b quatd to a body as symmtrical truncatd con (s Fig.4). On could notic that th concntrations of ash and combustion gass pollutants ar invrs proportiony with truncatd con hight (Tabl 5). A-A Fig. Symmtry axis A-A: combustion gas chimny ombustion gas wdg Q=45 0 Tabl 5 No. 150m Isomass curvs m 50m Iso = Iso-mass indicativ D isom [m] = distanc on iso-mass curv K[ mg / mn / m ] = linarization longitudinal cofficint 1 Iso / 50 2 Iso / 50 Iso / 50 4 Iso / 50 5 Izo / 50 6 Iso 50 / 50 0m 50m 00m 250m 200m 150m m. SEDD thodology Applid to Thrmolctric Units of 0 W to Turcni Elctrical Gnrating Station This cas study is prformd in Turcni lctrical gnrating station. Subsquntly thr will b takn into considration thr distinct situations: (1) Opration of Turcni powr plant at.% capacity of instd powr (660 W), that is corrsponding to 2 thrmolctric units (n=2) of 0 W in opration for an hour on basis of lignitfird [10,15,16]; in this cas, 1 chimny for flu gas is vacuating th pollutants from th two thrmolctric units mntiond as abov; (2) Opration of Turcni powr plant at 66.66% capacity of instd powr (120 W), that is corrsponding to 4 thrmolctric units (n=4) of 0 W in opration for an hour on basis of lignitfird; ]; in this cas, 2 chimnys for flu gas ar vacuating th pollutants from th 4 thrmolctric units mntiond as abov; () Opration of Turcni powr plant at full capacity of instd powr (1980 W), that is corrsponding to 6 thrmolctric units (n=6) of 0 W in opration for an hour on basis of lignitfird; in this cas, chimnys for flu gas ar 50m Fig.4 Iso-mass curvs: Iso 600, Iso 500, Iso 400, Iso 00, Iso 200, Iso ISBN:

5 vacuating th pollutants from th 6 thrmolctric units mntiond as abov. athmatical modls of th mthodology SEDD has bn usd for dpicting th mission s spcific to ful combustion in th thrmolctric units of Turcni powr plant. Th following opration conditions hav bn assumd in this cas study: a) ful typ is lignit coal with th infrior calorific powr H =6280kJ/kg, sulfur contnt S=0,8%, il carbon contnt =20%, ash contnt A=25,5%, total wt W=45% ; b) flow rat of consumd coal pr a thrmolctric units of 0W is dtrmind on basis of th mdium flow rat of coal pulvrizd by th 5 coal mills 5*92,6t/h, and accordingly th lignit flow rat that is takn into considration is B L =5*92,6 t/h =46 t/h = 46*10 kg/h; c) oil as ful support has th infrior calorific powr H = 9770kJ/kg, sulfur contnt S=%, carbon ip contnt =76%; d) th flow rat of consumd oil pr a thrmolctric unit of 0 W is B P =10*10 kg/h; Th flu gass pollutant vctor has four main componnts: sulfur dioxid, carbon dioxid O 2, particulat mattr P, nitrogn oxids NOx...1 omponnt of Pollutant Vctor Taking into considration th SEDD mthodology thr wr rsulting: th mission for by lignit combustion L [kg/kj], th flow rat of pollutant vacuatd by lignit combustion E L [kg/h], th mission for by oil combustion P [kg/kj], th flow rat of pollutant vacuatd by oil combustion E P [kg/h], th total flow rat of pollutant vacuatd by combustion E [kg/h], and th mass concntration of pollutant vacuatd by combustion [ mg / m ]. In Tabl 6 thr ar dpictd th mso2 N data rsulting in this cas study for th componnt of th gass pollutant vctor. Tabl 6 Paramtr Lignit: ful flow rat Oil: ful flow rat Lignit: mission L kg/h oil BP kg/ kj Rfrnc valus n n lignit 2,04*10-6 Lignit: kg/h lignit 590n E pollutant flow rat L Oil: mission P Oil: pollutant flow rat EPSO Total flow rat of E pollutant oncntration of pollutant as (n=2) I as (n=4) mso II kg/ kj oil 1,51*10-6 kg/h oil 600n kg/h m N as (n=6) fuls fuls ,04*10-6 2,04*10-6 2,04* ,51*10-6 1,56*10-6 1,51* n omponnt O 2 of Pollutant Vctor Basd on th sam mthodology, in Tabl 7 thr ar dpictd th rsulting data for carbon dioxid. Tabl 7 Paramtr O 2 Lignit: ful flow rat Oil: ful flow rat Lignit: O 2 mission LO 2 Lignit: O 2 pollutant flow rat Symbol U Ful typ BL kg/h lignit Symbol U Ful typ BL kg/h lignit BP kg/h oil ELO Rfrnc valus n n kg/kj lignit 116,8*10-6 kg/h lignit 960n Oil: O 2 mission kg/kj oil 70,1*10-6 PO 2 Oil: O 2 pollutant flow rat EPO Total flow rat of O 2 E pollutant O 2 oncntration O 2 pollutant as (n=2) I of as (n=4) mo II kg/h oil 27880n kg/h m N as (n=6) fuls fuls ,8* ,8* ,8* ,1* ,1* ,1* n 680 ISBN:

6 .. omponnt P of Pollutant Vctor Tabl 8 ncompasss th rsulting data for particulat mattr componnt of pollutant vctor. Tabl 8 Paramtr Ash Lignit: ful flow rat Oil: ful flow rat Lignit: P mission Lignit: P pollutant flow rat oncntration of P pollutant mpulb Rfrnc valus n n kg/kj lignit 0,45*10-6 kg/h lignit n m N fuls Tsting Validation of SEDD thodology on Thrmolctric Units of 0 W to Turcni Powr Plant Undr th abov mntiond conditions, for an accptabl valuation of th rsults of SEDD mthodology, it is ncssary to joint and compar th simulation rsult with xprimntal tst [11,, 17, 18]. For this purpos w hav proposd an xprimntal validation of th mathmatical pattrn valuation of flu gas mission by rcordings achivd on alcination Evaluation Stand togthr with hmical Laboratory oal Sction within Turcni lctrical gnrating station (s Fig.5). as I (n=2) as II (n=4) as (n=6) ,45* 0,45*10-6 0,45* omponnt NO x of Pollutant Vctor Basd on th sam mthodology, in Tabl 9 thr ar dpictd th rsulting data for nitrogn dioxids. Tabl 9 Paramtr NO x Lignit: ful flow rat Oil: ful flow rat Lignit: NO x mission Symbol U Ful typ BL kg/h lignit BP kg/h oil Pulb E Pulb Symbol U Ful typ BL kg/h lignit BP kg/h oil 80 LNOx Rfrnc valus n n kg/kj lignit 2,44*10-7 Fig.5.1.Plantary b mill Fig.5.2 alcination furnanc Lignit: NO x pollutant flow rat Oil: NO x mission Oil: NO x pollutant flow rat Total flow of NO x pollutant oncntration of NO x pollutant E LNO x 80 PNOx E PNO x E NO x mno x kg/h lignit 710n kg/kj oil 2,52*10-7 kg/h oil n kg/h m N fuls fuls as I (n=2) as II (n=4) as (n=6) ,44*10-7 2,44*10-7 2,44* ,52*10-6 2,52*10-6 2,52* n 480 Fig.5. Drying ovn Fig.5.4 alorimtric bomb Th main dvics of th tsting station ar: a plantary b mill of typ P 400 RETSH with 4 grinding posts, a calcination furnac of typ NABERTHER for calcining coal sampls, an ovn of typ EOELL 700 for drying th coal sampl, and a calorimtric bomb of typ 1KA 500 that ows a controlld burning of coal sampls, as wll as coal calorific powr and composition dtrmining. Th rcordd data hav bn procsssd using a AD multiprocssor computr systm that owd th StatSoft STATISTIA - Vrsion 7.0 softwar running, for dat acquisition and procssing. This way th concntrations of flu gass laving th chimny. On could no that th lignit coal ful takn into th cas study has: th infrior calorific powr H il =6280kJ/kg; th sulfur contnt S=0.8%, th carbon contnt =20%, th ash contnt A=22.5%, and th total wt W=45%. Th rsulting ISBN:

7 data for th flu gass pollutant vctor componnt: sulfur dioxid, carbon dioxid O 2, particulat mattr P and nitrogn oxids NO x ar dpictd in Tabls 10, 11, 12 and 1, rspctivly. Tabl 10 Paramtr Symbol U Sampl I Sampl II Sampl of LSO2 mso2 kg/kj 2.02* * *10-6 m N Tabl 11 Paramtr Symbol U Sampl of LO2 mo Sampl II Sampl I kg/kj 114.5* 119.1* 120.* m N Tabl 12 Paramtr Symbol U Sampl P mission oncntra tion pollutant P of Sampl II I kg/kj 0.5* 0.55*10 - Pulb mpulb m N Tabl 1 Paramtr Symbol U Sampl I Sampl NO x mission oncntration of pollutant NO x Sampl 0.59*10-6 Sampl 2.49* 2.51* II LNOx kg/kj 2.41* mno x m N.5 Numrical Validation on Basis of PDF odl Applid to Thrmolctric Units of 0 W to Turcni Powr Plant In this cas study, for th thrmolctric units of 0 W to Turcni lctrical gnrating station, th projction in mirror is dvlopd for distancs of 00 mtrs (s Fig.6 and Tabl 14). Tabl 14 No. mission oncntration pollutant O 2 mission. oncntration pollutant O 2 Isomass curvs Iso = Iso-mass indicativ m[m N] = maximum concntation k[m -2 ] = corrction z-z c [m] = distanc on isomass curv 1 Iso , Iso , Iso , Iso , Iso 590 0, Distribution of iso-mass curvs in cas of projction in th mirror for isomorphic curvs of ordr m N in th smok quill is dpictd in Fig m m 50m For th dtrmination by calculation of th mass concntration volution according to th projction in th mirror of th smok quill hav bn dvlopd pattrns of diffusion prognosis [11,17,19,] for an appropriat comparison with xprimntal data and laboratory tsts. In this papr, for modlling th ascndant smok quill according to th projction in th mirror on a 00 mtrs distanc, it has bn adoptd th pattrn of probability dnsity function (PDF), laboratd by Wil [19,21,2]. This modl ows ntailing th input paramtrs of th phnomna that govrn th pollutant disprsion into th atmosphr. Accordingly, in Fig. 7 it is dpictd, as xampl, th ovr nomogram of mass concntration ashparticulat mattr to Turcni powr plant whn two thrmal units ar in opration (n=2), th physical 0m 50m 00m 250m 200m 150m m 50m Fig.6 Iso-mass curvs: Iso 600, Iso 500, Iso 400, Iso 00, Iso 200, Iso Function = 590*Exp(-x*x*y ) Fig.7 Ovr nomogram of mass concntration ash-particulat mattr to Turcni powr plant (n=2) ISBN:

8 paramtr bing th mass concntration, and in Fig.8, Fig.9 and Fig.10 thr ar prsntd th nomograms of ash-particulat mattr pollutant for diffrnt valus of corrction k, with th mass concntration as physical paramtr, undr th sam assumd cas study. ( ) Function = 590*Exp(-0,000019*x*x) Fig.8 ass concntration nomogram for k = 1,9*10-5 m -2 (n=2) ( ) Function = 590*Exp(-0,00002*x*x) Fig.9 ass concntration nomogram for k = 2*10-5 m -2 (n=2) ( ) Function = 590*Exp(-0,000021*x*x) Fig.10 ass concntration nomogram for k = 2,1*10-5 m -2 (n=2) Discussion and onclusion Th analysis in Sction.4 was carrid out on basis of thr sampls xtraction, and according to th data dpictd as abov, for ach componnt of th flu gas pollutant vctor causd by burning of lignit coal ful th following avrag valus hav bn illustratd: a) for sulfur dioxid : th mission. = 2.06*10-6 kg/kj; th pollutant concntration L m = 878 m N ; th avrag rror R msd S 1%; th maximum rror R max S %. b) for carbon dioxid O 2 : th mission.: LO 2 = 118*10-6 kg/kj; th pollutant concntration mo 2 = 6744 m N ; th avrag rror : R msd S 1%; th maximum rror R max S %. c) for particulat mattr P: th mission LPulb = 0.5*10-6 kg/kj; th pollutant concntration mpulb = 598 m N ; th avrag rror R msd S 1.5%; th maximum rror R max S 4%. d) for nitrogn oxids NO x : th mission = 2.47*10-7 kg/kj; th pollutant concntration LNO x mno x = 487 m N ; th avrag rror R msd S 1.5%; th maximum rror R max S %. On could conclud that flu gass monitoring during th opration of a coal-fird lctrical gnrating station is an ssntial stp in assssing th nvironmntal and human halth impact of pollutants. Procdurs should impos worldwid th stimation of yarly missions of primary particulat mattr, sulfur oxids and nitrogn oxids on th total mgawatt-hours gnratd by ach powr plant. Furthr on, sinc th missions from coal-fird powr plants ar disprsd ovr a larg ara, th population living around vry powr plant should b includd in spcific databass and a mapping program, aiming that it could b mdicy usful. omplianc with Sustainabl Dvlopmnt imposs on ach xisting coal-fird lctrical gnrating station to b instd and activatd both modrn pollution control tchnology and dpollution quipmnt, assuming that ths nd-ofpip tratmnts would rduc th nvironmntal and human halth impacts and will slow th procss of dgradation of lif on Earth. Furthr on, invsting in clanr production to prvnt pollution and rduc coal-rsourc consumption should b a rsponsibl approach, mor ffctiv than continuing to apply th nd-of-pip solutions in th coal-fird powr plants. ISBN:

9 AKNOWLEDGENT Th authors would lik to xprss thir hartflt gratitud and dp apprciation to th WSEAS Rsarch Institut, for th ddicatd fforts in crating an appropriat scintific nvironmnt, with an ndlss moral support for th scholars worldwid. Th authors ar also dply apprciating th important support of th collagus of Turcni Powr Plant in achiving this study. Rfrncs: [1] S. Pnny, J. Bll, J. Balbus (2009), Estimating th Halth Impacts of oal-fird Powr Plants Rciving Intrnational Financing,. Rport at ENVIRONENTAL DEFENE FUND, Availabl: [2] A.J. ohn, H.R. Andrson, B. Ostro, K.D. Pandy,. Krzyzanowski, N. Kunzli, K. Gutschmidt, A. Pop, I. Romiu, J.. Samt, K. Smith (2005), Th global burdn of disas du to outdoor air pollution. Journal of Toxicology and Environmntal Halth, Part A, 68: , [] U.. ishra, Environmntal impact of coal industry and thrmal powr plants in India. Journal of Environmntal Radioactivity, Vol.72 No.(1-2): 5-40, [4]. Istrat,. Gusa, Impactul producrii, transportului si distributii nrgii lctric asupra mdiului. AGIR Publishing Hous, Bucharst, [5] U.S. Environmntal Protction Agncy (EPA), Invntory of US Grnhous Gas Emissions and Sinks: , April [6] A. Lockwood, K. Wlkr-Hood,. Rauch, B. Gottlib, "oal's Assault on Human Halth". Physicians for Social Rsponsibility Rport, Novmbr [7].A. Pop, Epidmiology of fin particulat air pollution and human halth: Biologic mchanisms and who s at risk?. Environmntal Halth Prspctivs, 108: 71-72, [8] Sourc Watch, Halth ffcts of coal, 2011 (onlin). Availabl : ffcts_of_coal. [9] S. Ehrnfld, Industrial Ecology: A nw Framwork for Product and Procss Dsign. Journal of lanr Production, Vol. 5 (1-2), [10] S. El-Haggar, Sustainabl Industrial Dsign and Wast anagmnt. radl-to cradl for Sustainabl Dvlopmnt. Elsvir Acadmic Prss, [11].A. Buluca, A. Jls, N.E. astorakis,.a. Buluca,. Brindusa, Assssing th nvironmntal pollutant vctor of combustion gass mission from coal-fird powr plants,, REENT RESEARHES in GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, ENERGY, ENVIRONENT and BIOEDIINE, Procdings of th 5 th NAUN Intrnational onfrnc on Enrgy and Dvlopmnt- Environmnt - Biomdicin (EDEB 11), orfu Island, Grc, July 14-16, 2011, ISBN: [12] N.E. astorakis, A. Jls,.A. Buluca,.A. Buluca,. Brindusa, Evaluating th nvironmntal impact of coal-fird powr plants through wastwatr pollutant vctor, REENT RESEARHES in GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, ENERGY, ENVIRONENT and BIOEDIINE, Procdings of th 5 th NAUN Intrnational onfrnc on Enrgy and Dvlopmnt- Environmnt - Biomdicin (EDEB 11), orfu Island, Grc, July 14-16, 2011, ISBN: [1] R. Erikson, Environmntal Impact Assssmnt. Acadmic Prss Inc. San Digo, a.usa, [14] E. Hnatiuc (Dir.), Procds lctriqus d msur t d traitmnt ds polluants. Editions TE&DO, LAVOISIER, [15] B.W. Brgr, K.J. Davis,. Yi, P.S. Bakwin and.l. Zhao, Long-Trm arbon Dioxid Fluxs from a Vry T Towr in a Northrn Forst: Flux asurmnt thodology. Journal of Atmosphric and Ocanic Tchnology, 18(4): , [16] J.. Bruil, Input-output analysis and pollutant missions in Franc. Th Enrgy Journal, July 1 st, [17] A. Brîndu[a, J. Kovacs, Thrmonrgtic block on coal. Pollution vctor: burning gas, ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PETROSANI, Vol..9, : , UNIVERSITAS Publishing Hous, Ptro[ani, ROÂNIA [18] A. Brindusa, Rsarch concrning th nvironmntal pollution vctors spcific to th thrmolctric powr plants on coal, Ph.D. Thsis, Univrsity of Ptrosani, [19] J.. Wil, A diagnosis of th asymmtry in topdown and bottom-up diffusion using a Lagrangian stochastic modl. Journal of th Atmosphric Scincs, 47(4): , [20] P.K. isra, Disprsion of non-buoyant particls insid a convctiv boundary layr. Atmosphric Environmnt, 16(2): 29-24, [21] J.. Wil and T.W. Horst, Footprint stimats for atmosphric flux masurmnts in th convctiv boundary layr. In: S.E. Schwartz and W.G.N. Slinn (Editors), Prcipitation Scavnging and Atmosphr- Surfac Exchang. Hmisphr, Washington, D, [22] A.K. Luhar, Th influnc of vrtical wind dirction shar on disprsion in th convctiv boundary layr, and its incorporation in coastal fumigation modls. Boundary-Layr torology, 102(1): 1-8, [2] J.. Wil, L.A. orio, and R.P. Browr, A PDF disprsion modl for buoyant plums in th convctiv boundary layr. Journal of Applid torology, 6(8): 982-, ISBN: