Specific Heat (slope and steepness)
|
|
|
- Lawrence Holmes
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Specific Heat (slope and steepness) 10 pages. According to the Physical Science text book, the Specific Heat of a material is DEFINED as the following: Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of ONE gram of a material by 1 0 C, and a characteristic property of a material. Is this statement VE~~~~~~RY clear to you? I can explain MUCH, MUCH, MUCH clearer than this! Yes, I can! Read the following! So, let us bring in here 1 gram of water and also 1 gram of sand, each in a beaker. Let us assume that both materials (water and sand) have the temperature exactly 20 degrees Celsius. This is the initial temperature. Put each beaker on a heater as shown below. 1 gram 1 gram of sand of water Heater Heater From the pictures right above, it appears that the amount of sand is much more than that of the water? Does this seem strange to you? But the drawings are actually CORRECT! Why? Because both are exactly ONE gram! The very initial temperature of both materials (sand and water) is 20 degrees Celsius. We now increase the temperature of both materials by exactly ONE degree in Celsius by adding heat to both materials with the heaters so that the temperature of both materials now
2 2 becomes 21 degrees. Do we have to add the same amount of heat to both materials (both are exactly 1 gram) to raise their temperature by ONE degree Celsius? No! Although both are ONE gram, we MUST add much more heat to the water than to the sand to raise their temperature ONE degree Celsius. To raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by ONE degree, we MUST add 1.00 Calorie of heat to the water. To raise the temperature of 1 gram of sand by ONE degree, we MUST add 0.19 Calories of heat to the sand, which is much less than 1.00 Calories! We say that the value of the specific heat of water is 1.00 Calories/g 0 C. We say that the value of the specific heat of sand is 0.19 Calories/g 0 C This EXPERIMENTAL FACT indicates that 1 gram of water requires much MORE heat to raise its temperature by ONE degree than 1 gram of sand. Conversely, 1 gram of sand requires much LESS heat to raise its temperature by ONE degree than 1 gram of water. This is what it means when we say that the specific heat of water is much greater than the specific heat of sand. Please go to the next page. Thank you.
3 The value of slope does NOT represent the specific heat! What does this mean? 3 Temperature Sand Value of specific heat is 0.19 Cal./g 0 C Water Value of specific heat is 1.00 Cal./g 0 C Time The slope represents how quickly temperature rises. The temperature of sand increases more quickly than the water does. That is, the slope of the graph for sand is greater than the slope of the graph for water. But, the value of the specific heat is OPPOSITE to this tendency. The value of the specific heat of sand (0.19) is LESS than that of water (1.00)! The greater the slope (steeper), the less is the specific heat. The less the slope (less steep), the greater is the specific heat. Sand (smaller value of specific heat) warms up very quickly (greater slope). That why, it is not comfortable to walk with barefoot on the sand of beach in hot summer day. On the other hand, the ocean (Water, larger value of specific heat) warms up very slowly (less slope). One more thing I want to tell you. On the next page.
4 Prepare sand and water 10 grams each and heat them. 4 Temperature Sand (10 grams) 15 0 C 10 0 C 5 0 C 5 0 C Water (10 grams) 5 0 C Minutes 5 minutes 20 minutes To increase temperature from 10 degrees to 15 degrees in Celsius (increase by 5 degrees), sand takes 5 minutes, while water takes 20 minutes. Water takes 4 times longer than sand to increase temperature by 5 degrees. Takes more time means more heat are added. Therefore, water absorbed more heat than sand did to raise temperature by 5 degrees (from 10 0 C to 15 0 C) Move onto the next page.
5 5 Temperature Boiling point C C Melting point C Amount of heat added This graph does NOT represent water, Some substance other than water. But why? Because????????? Look at the graph for WATER on the next page. Then you can tell. Time Region Region Region Solid Phase (Below freezing point, single phase) Temperature increases as heat is added Mixture of solid phase and liquid phase (Melting region) Temperature NEVER changes even though heat is continuously added. Why? Answer! Liquid Phase (single phase) Temperature increases as heat is added Region Region 4 5 Mixture of liquid phase and gas phase (Boiling region) Temperature NEVER changes even though heat is continuously added. Why? Answer! Gas Phase (single phase) Temperature increases as heat is added Continues the next page
6 6 Temperature C C Melting period (Mixture of ICE and liquid water) Amount of heat added Boiling period (Mixture of liquid water and gaseous water or water vapor) This is strictly for WATER. Compare this graph with the graph on the preceding page. Can you see the differences? Time In the graph above (for WATER), the horizontal axis is the time axis (the time increases from left to right). Temperature sensor ICE Heater To computer Please go to the next page. Thank you.
7 7 The important things to memorize about WATER: 1. Liquid water freezes at temperature 0 0 C. Region 2 2. Solid water (ICE) melts at temperature 0 0 C. Region 2 3. Liquid water vaporizes (boils) at temperature C. Region 4 4. At ANY temperature between 0 0 C and C, the state (phase) of water is LIQUID. Region 3 The time is the heating time. Therefore, the longer the time, the more heat is added and the shorter the time less amount of heat is added. Therefore, the length of time represents the amount of heat added. Look at the apparatus drawn on the preceding page. Initially a measured amount of ice is placed in the beaker (or some other container).then heat energy is transferred from the heater to the ICE. Now compare the amount of heat added to the ICE to melt completely and the amount of heat added to the water of the same mass to vaporize completely. As you can see in the graph, the ice melting period (length of time) is region 2. The boiling period (Liquid is changing into gas) is region 4. Obviously the boiling period is much longer than the melting period. This means that much more heat energy is required to boil water (vaporize completely) than to melt the same amount (the same mass) of ice completely. But why? To answer this question, you must recall the attractive electric force that bonds particles together. A. Attractive force that holds ICE particles B. Attractive force that bonds liquid water particles The attractive force that bonds ICE particles is stronger than that bonds liquid particles. When heat energy is added to ICE whose temperature is 0 0 C, the added heat energy weakens the bonding force and the state of ice (solid phase) changes into liquid phase. NEXT: When heat energy is added to liquid water whose temperature is C, the added heat weakens the bonding force that bonds the liquid particles. In this case, the bonds between the particles are completely broken (disrupted) and the particles become FREE from the bonds. The attractive forces between particles disappear. The particles are now freely moving (but the particles
8 8 collide). This is the GAS state of water or water vapor. Thus, during MELTING PERIOD (region 2), the bonds (the attractive forces) between the particles are just weakened but not completely disrupted. On the other hand, during BOILING PERIOD (region 4), the bonds (the attractive forces) between the particles are COMPLETELY disrupted and every one of the particles become completely free from the other particles. This is the GAS phase of water, which is called the water vapor. Graph on page 6 shows that the the boiling period is much longer than the melting period. This means that to vaporize liquid water completely requires much more heat energy than to melt the ice of the same mass completely. Questions; 1. Which region requires the largest amount of heat to raise the temperature by the same amount? 2. Which region has the largest value of Specific-Heat? 3. Which region requires the least amount of heat to raise the temperature by the same amount? 4. Which region has the least value of Specific Heat? You cannot answer these questions unless you REALLY understand the Specific Heat. The specific heat of a substance is; The amount of heat required to raise the temperature if 1 gram substance by ONE degree. Move onto the next page.
9 Question: You place a pot of water on the stove and set the knob to high (about C). Eventually, the temperature of the water remains constant at C and the water boils (this occurs in the region 4 on the graph of page 6.) DRAW micro I/O energy diagram for the boiling water (during a phase change) Answer: During boiling process, since the temperature does NOT change, the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles does NOT change either. But since the bonds between the particles are being broken and the particles are made FREE (the particles become far, far, and far apart!), the potential energy increases. HC interaction Heat Energy Water- Particles at 373 K Increase in potential energy. (constant temperature) There is NO change in AVERAGE kinetic energy. WHY? EXPLAIN! The LAW of conservation energy says: Energy Input = Energy Output + Change in energy In our present case, this law becomes: Heat Energy = Increase in Potential Energy That is, ALL added heat is 100% used to increase the potential energy. NONE of the added heat is used to raise the temperature. One more question on the next page
10 NEXT question: 10 A student pours herself a glass of cold water and takes a few sips. Using a thermometer, she measures the temperature of the water and finds it is 3 C. The student leaves the glass of cold water sitting on the kitchen counter (at room temperature, 25 C) while she goes on a brief errand. When she returns, she notices the remaining water tastes warmer than before. Using a thermometer, she measures the temperature of the water and finds it is 20 C. During this period (the temperature increases from 3 C to 20 C), DRAW micro I/O energy diagram for the water. This is NOT during phase change. Heat Conduction interaction Heat Energy Water particles at 20 C Increase in AVERAGE kinetic energy and Increase in Potential energy In this case, BOTH average kinetic energy and potential energy increase! Why? Because the temperature (The AVERAGE kinetic energy) increases. Because the temperature increases, the particles move faster and they become more separated. Consequently the potential energy increases also. The particles become MORE far apart. Energy is required to make them far apart. This energy is provided from the added heat (Heat energy input). FAR APART means that attractive POTENTIAL ENERGY increases.
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat 1. The temperature of a substance is A. proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. B. equal to the kinetic energy of the fastest moving
Type: Single Date: Homework: READ 12.8, Do CONCEPT Q. # (14) Do PROBLEMS (40, 52, 81) Ch. 12
Type: Single Date: Objective: Latent Heat Homework: READ 12.8, Do CONCEPT Q. # (14) Do PROBLEMS (40, 52, 81) Ch. 12 AP Physics B Date: Mr. Mirro Heat and Phase Change When bodies are heated or cooled their
Chapter 4 Practice Quiz
Chapter 4 Practice Quiz 1. Label each box with the appropriate state of matter. A) I: Gas II: Liquid III: Solid B) I: Liquid II: Solid III: Gas C) I: Solid II: Liquid III: Gas D) I: Gas II: Solid III:
Temperature. Temperature
Chapter 8 Temperature Temperature a number that corresponds to the warmth or coldness of an object measured by a thermometer is a per-particle property no upper limit definite limit on lower end Temperature
Practical Applications of Freezing by Boiling Process
Practical Applications of Freezing by Boiling Process Kenny Gotlieb, Sasha Mitchell and Daniel Walsh Physics Department, Harvard-Westlake School 37 Coldwater Canyon, N. Hollywood, CA 9164 Introduction
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below.
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW 1. A weather instrument is shown below. Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? 1) wind speed 3) cloud cover 2) precipitation 4) air pressure 2. Which weather station
It's Cool: The Shape of Change
It's Cool: The hape of Change The text of Lesson 4: It's Cool From the books The hape of Change and The hape of Change: tocks and Flows By Rob Quaden and Alan Ticotsky With Debra Lyneis Illustrated by
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Thermodynamics study and application of thermal energy temperature quantity
Hot Leaks. See how the temperature of liquids changes the way they flow.
P h y s i c s Q u e s t A c t i v i t i e s Activity 2 1 Hot Leaks See how the temperature of liquids changes the way they flow. Safety: This experiment requires using the hot water tap and straight pins.
Investigation M3: Separating Mixtures into Component Parts
Investigation M3: Separating Mixtures into Component Parts Goals: Use various methods to separate mixtures, make inferences from temperature/time graphs, and identify substances. 81 Activity M3.3: What
Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
1/7 2009/11/14 上 午 11:10 Manage this Assignment: Chapter 16 Due: 12:00am on Saturday, July 3, 2010 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
Energy Matters Heat. Changes of State
Energy Matters Heat Changes of State Fusion If we supply heat to a lid, such as a piece of copper, the energy supplied is given to the molecules. These start to vibrate more rapidly and with larger vibrations
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY In general, when an object performs work on another object, it does not transfer all of its energy to that object. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to
Measuring volume of gas produced Measuring precipitation (because sulphur is produced) e.g. look for X to disappear Measure mass lost
Introduction My investigation is about the rate of reaction. A rate of reaction is defined as how fast or slow a reaction takes place. For example, the oxidation of iron under the atmosphere is a slow
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Introduction We have learned that heat is the energy that makes molecules move. Molecules with more heat energy move faster, and molecules with less
5 Answers and Solutions to Text Problems
Energy and States of Matter 5 Answers and Solutions to Text Problems 5.1 At the top of the hill, all of the energy of the car is in the form of potential energy. As it descends down the hill, potential
Test Bank - Chapter 3 Multiple Choice
Test Bank - Chapter 3 The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 3. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The
Heat and Temperature: Front End Evaluation Report. Joshua Gutwill. October 1999
Heat and Temperature: Front End Evaluation Report Joshua Gutwill October 1999 Keywords: 1 Heat and Temperature Front End Evaluation Report October 28, 1999 Goal:
Activity 5 At a Glance
At a Glance Testing Your Hypothesis by Boiling Water Below Its Boiling Temperature Purpose To have students boil water below its typical boiling temperature by reducing the pressure above the surface of
Test 5 Review questions. 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will
Name: Thursday, December 13, 2007 Test 5 Review questions 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will 1. decrease 2. increase 3. remain the same 2. The graph below
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy Goals of Period 4 Section 4.1: To define temperature and thermal energy Section 4.2: To discuss three methods of thermal energy transfer. Section 4.3: To describe
1. At which temperature would a source radiate the least amount of electromagnetic energy? 1) 273 K 3) 32 K 2) 212 K 4) 5 K
1. At which temperature would a source radiate the least amount of electromagnetic energy? 1) 273 K 3) 32 K 2) 212 K 4) 5 K 2. How does the amount of heat energy reflected by a smooth, dark-colored concrete
Science Department Mark Erlenwein, Assistant Principal
Staten Island Technical High School Vincent A. Maniscalco, Principal The Physical Setting: CHEMISTRY Science Department Mark Erlenwein, Assistant Principal - Unit 1 - Matter and Energy Lessons 9-14 Heat,
2. Room temperature: C. Kelvin. 2. Room temperature:
Temperature I. Temperature is the quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared with a standard A. Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular translational
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat What are temperature and heat? Are they the same? What causes heat? What Is Temperature? How do we measure temperature? What are we actually measuring? Temperature and Its
Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version
Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing point depression describes the process where the temperature at which a liquid freezes is lowered by adding another
Chemistry 13: States of Matter
Chemistry 13: States of Matter Name: Period: Date: Chemistry Content Standard: Gases and Their Properties The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and explains the properties
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space Chemical or Physical Property? Physical properties of matter: characteristics that can be observed or
13.1 The Nature of Gases. What is Kinetic Theory? Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases. Chapter 13: States of Matter. Principles of Kinetic Theory
Chapter 13: States of Matter The Nature of Gases The Nature of Gases kinetic molecular theory (KMT), gas pressure (pascal, atmosphere, mm Hg), kinetic energy The Nature of Liquids vaporization, evaporation,
Vaporization of Liquid Nitrogen
Vaporization of Liquid Nitrogen Goals and Introduction As a system exchanges thermal energy with its surroundings, the temperature of the system will usually increase or decrease, depending on the direction
To calculate the value of the boiling point constant for water. To use colligative properties to determine the molecular weight of a substance.
Colligative Properties of Solutions: A Study of Boiling Point Elevation Amina El-Ashmawy, Collin County Community College (With contributions by Timm Pschigoda, St. Joseph High School, St. Joseph, MI)
Energy Conversions I. Unit of measure (most common one) Form Definition Example
Energy Conversions I Energy can take many forms, but any one form can usually be converted into another. And no matter what form we talk about, we can use conversion factors to calculate equivalent amounts
(Walter Glogowski, Chaz Shapiro & Reid Sherman) INTRODUCTION
Convection (Walter Glogowski, Chaz Shapiro & Reid Sherman) INTRODUCTION You know from common experience that when there's a difference in temperature between two places close to each other, the temperatures
CHAPTER 14 THE CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION
CHAPTER 4 THE CAUIU-CAPEYRON EQUATION Before starting this chapter, it would probably be a good idea to re-read ections 9. and 9.3 of Chapter 9. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the latent heat
A Teaching Unit for Years 3 6 children
A Teaching Unit for Years 3 6 children 1 SEREAD and ARGO: Concept Overview for Years 3-6 Teaching Programme This is the overview for the first part of the SEREAD programme link with ARGO. The overview
The Water Cycle Now You See It, Now You Don t
The Water Cycle Now You See It, Now You Don t Unit: Salinity Patterns & the Water Cycle l Grade Level: Elementary l Time Required: Introduction - 30 min. - Activity as groups 45min Wrap Up 20 min l Content
Taking Apart the Pieces
Lab 4 Taking Apart the Pieces How does starting your morning out right relate to relief from a headache? I t is a lazy Saturday morning and you ve just awakened to your favorite cereal Morning Trails and
Energetic Reactions: Ice Cream Experiment Teacher Guide
Module Overview Heat transfer is an important part of many chemical reactions, but it is often not directly observed. In this module students conduct an experiment making homemade ice cream that requires
Chapter 3. Thermal Energy
Chapter 3 Thermal Energy In order to apply energy conservation to a falling ball or a roller coaster in the previous chapter, we had to assume that friction (with the air or the track) was negligible.
1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that all matter is composed of atoms and molecules that are in a constant state of constant random motion
Physical Science Period: Name: ANSWER KEY Date: Practice Test for Unit 3: Ch. 3, and some of 15 and 16: Kinetic Theory of Matter, States of matter, and and thermodynamics, and gas laws. 1. The Kinetic
Ice Cream Lab- A Tasty Phase Change!
Ice Cream Lab- A Tasty! Name Date EN Class Purpose: To investigate the effects of heat transfer on phase changes. To investigate the effects of temperature changes on physical changes. Materials: ½ cup
Topic Page Contents Page
Heat energy (11-16) Contents Topic Page Contents Page Heat energy and temperature 3 Latent heat energy 15 Interesting temperatures 4 Conduction of heat energy 16 A cooling curve 5 Convection 17 Expansion
Chemical Bonds. Chemical Bonds. The Nature of Molecules. Energy and Metabolism < < Covalent bonds form when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons.
The Nature of Molecules Chapter 2 Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Chemical Bonds Molecules are groups of atoms held together in a stable association. Compounds are molecules containing more than one type
SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES LAB
SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES LAB Purpose: Most ionic compounds are considered by chemists to be salts and many of these are water soluble. In this lab, you will determine the solubility,
ES 106 Laboratory # 2 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
ES 106 Laboratory # 2 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Introduction Heat transfer is the movement of heat energy from one place to another. Heat energy can be transferred by three different mechanisms: convection,
5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C
1. The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when 1) H 2 O(s) changes to H 2 O( ) at 0ºC 3) H 2 O( ) at 10ºC changes to H 2 O( ) at 20ºC 2) H 2 O( ) changes to H 2 O(s) at 0ºC 4) H 2 O( )
The Structure of Water Introductory Lesson
Dana V. Middlemiss Fall 2002 The Structure of Water Introductory Lesson Abstract: This is an introduction to the chemical nature of water and its interactions. In particular, this lesson will explore evaporation,
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES (Thermal Energy) From Invitations to Science Inquiry 2 nd Edition by Tik L. Liem: Activity Page Number Concept Warm a Bottle by Shaking 184 Heat, Friction The Confused Bottles 206
Chapter Test A. States of Matter MULTIPLE CHOICE. a fixed amount of STAs2 a. a solid. b. a liquid. c. a gas. d. any type of matter.
Assessment Chapter Test A States of Matter MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. Boyle s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed
TESTING DRY ICE IN DIFFERENT LIQUIDS. Aditya S. Cary Academy ABSTRACT
TESTING DRY ICE IN DIFFERENT LIQUIDS Aditya S Cary Academy ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to see how dropping dry ice into different liquids affect the mass and temperature of the dry ice.
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB Purpose: Every chemical has a set of defined physical properties, and when combined they present a unique fingerprint for that chemical. When chemicals are present
Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat Questions A2 Physics
1. An electrical heater is used to heat a 1.0 kg block of metal, which is well lagged. The table shows how the temperature of the block increased with time. temp/ C 20.1 23.0 26.9 30.0 33.1 36.9 time/s
Heat Energy FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7. Public School System Teaching Standards Covered
FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7 Heat Energy This lesson is designed for 3rd 5th grade students in a variety of school settings (public, private, STEM schools, and home schools) in the seven states served
Experiment 13: Determination of Molecular Weight by Freezing Point Depression
1 Experiment 13: Determination of Molecular Weight by Freezing Point Depression Objective: In this experiment, you will determine the molecular weight of a compound by measuring the freezing point of a
There is no such thing as heat energy
There is no such thing as heat energy We have used heat only for the energy transferred between the objects at different temperatures, and thermal energy to describe the energy content of the objects.
States of Matter CHAPTER 10 REVIEW SECTION 1. Name Date Class. Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW States of Matter SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Identify whether the descriptions below describe an ideal gas or a real gas. ideal gas
States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS]
![States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS]](/thumbs/40/21739317.jpg "States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS]")
OpenStax-CNX module: m38210 1 States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS] Free High School Science Texts Project This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative
FXA 2008. Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ
UNIT G484 Module 3 4.3.3 Thermal Properties of Materials 1 Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ The MASS (m) of
Unit 3: States of Matter Practice Exam
Page 1 Unit 3: States of Matter Practice Exam Multiple Choice. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Two gases with unequal masses are injected into opposite
Determination of Molar Mass by Boiling Point Elevation of Urea Solution
Determination of Molar Mass by Boiling Point Elevation of Urea Solution CHRISTIAN E. MADU, PhD AND BASSAM ATTILI, PhD COLLIN COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT Purpose of the Experiment Determine the boiling
Every mathematician knows it is impossible to understand an elementary course in thermodynamics. ~V.I. Arnold
Every mathematician knows it is impossible to understand an elementary course in thermodynamics. ~V.I. Arnold Radiation Radiation: Heat energy transmitted by electromagnetic waves Q t = εσat 4 emissivity
SAM Teachers Guide Heat and Temperature
SAM Teachers Guide Heat and Temperature Overview Students learn that temperature measures average kinetic energy, and heat is the transfer of energy from hot systems to cold systems. They consider what
Energy and Matter CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER GOALS
4 When sweat evaporates, it cools the skin by absorbing heat from the body. Energy and Matter CAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 Energy 4.2 The Three States of Matter 4.3 Intermolecular Forces 4.4 Boiling Point and Melting
Multiple Choice For questions 1-10, circle only one answer.
Test Bank - Chapter 1 The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 1. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The
HOW HVAC WORKS. How HVAC. Works PAGE 1
How HVAC Works PAGE 1 Heat - What is it? Heat is more than a physical concept - it is a feeling. Heat is taught to us at a very young age as a danger to be avoided. Yet, have you ever stopped and thought
Phase Diagram of tert-butyl Alcohol
Phase Diagram of tert-butyl Alcohol Bill Ponder Department of Chemistry Collin College Phase diagrams are plots illustrating the relationship of temperature and pressure relative to the phase (or state
Ice Cream Lab & Application Questions
Deep Freeze 1 Ice Cream Lab & Application Questions Name: Period: Date: Overview Have you ever wondered what it is about throwing salt on ice that makes it melt? And just why does it melt? Where does the
Physical Properties of a Pure Substance, Water
Physical Properties of a Pure Substance, Water The chemical and physical properties of a substance characterize it as a unique substance, and the determination of these properties can often allow one to
Triple Point Experiment
Equipment List Rotary vane vacuum pump 2-stage, 2 to 7 CFM. For example, Edwards 2M2 (2 CFM), Edwards RV5 (3.5 CFM), Edwards E2M8 (6.7 CFM) or equivalent. Bell jar Nalgene polycarbonate plastic, 5-5/8
Warm-Up 9/9. 1. Define the term matter. 2. Name something in this room that is not matter.
Warm-Up 9/9 1. Define the term matter. 2. Name something in this room that is not matter. Warm-Up 9/16 1. List the three most important rules of lab safety. 2. Would you classify jello as a solid or a
Chillin Out: Designing an Insulator
SHPE Jr. Chapter May 2015 STEM Activity Instructor Resource Chillin Out: Designing an Insulator Students learn about the three ways heat can be transferred from one object to another. They also learn what
First Grade Unit A: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Chapter 1: Observing Solids, Liquids and Gases Lessons 1 to 5
First Grade Unit A: PHYSICAL SCIENCE Chapter 1: Observing Solids, Liquids and Gases Lessons 1 to 5 Physical Science Overview Materials (matter) come in different forms. Water can be rain falling (liquid)
Chapter 5 Student Reading
Chapter 5 Student Reading THE POLARITY OF THE WATER MOLECULE Wonderful water Water is an amazing substance. We drink it, cook and wash with it, swim and play in it, and use it for lots of other purposes.
Study the following diagrams of the States of Matter. Label the names of the Changes of State between the different states.
Describe the strength of attractive forces between particles. Describe the amount of space between particles. Can the particles in this state be compressed? Do the particles in this state have a definite
Why hot water freezes faster than cold water
Why hot water freezes faster than cold water By Daniel Muthukrishna Undergraduate Engineering/Physics Student at the University of Queensland Images also produced by Daniel Muthukrishna Some of the main
Unit 1 - Pure Substances and Mixtures Chapter 2: Solutions
2.1 Solutes & Solvents Vocabulary: Unit 1 - Pure Substances and Mixtures Chapter 2: Solutions solvent the larger part of a solution - the part of a solution into which the solutes dissolve solute the smaller
Enzyme Lab. DEFINITIONS: 1. Enzyme: 2. Catalase: 3. Catalyze: 4. Hydrolysis: 5. Monomer: 6. Digestion: BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Enzyme Lab DEFINITIONS: 1. Enzyme: 2. Catalase: 3. Catalyze: 4. Hydrolysis: 5. Monomer: 6. Digestion: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Many living tissues contain the enzyme catalase. This enzyme breaks down hydrogen
To measure the solubility of a salt in water over a range of temperatures and to construct a graph representing the salt solubility.
THE SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 2007, 1995, 1991 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE To measure
PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. Introduction
PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Lab #2 Introduction When two or more substances, that do not react chemically, are blended together, the result is a mixture in which each component retains its individual
REASONING AND SOLUTION
39. REASONING AND SOLUTION The heat released by the blood is given by Q cm T, in which the specific heat capacity c of the blood (water) is given in Table 12.2. Then Therefore, T Q cm 2000 J 0.8 C [4186
Chapter 12 - Liquids and Solids
Chapter 12 - Liquids and Solids 12-1 Liquids I. Properties of Liquids and the Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Fluids 1. Substances that can flow and therefore take the shape of their container B. Relative
2 MATTER. 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
2 MATTER Matter is the material of which the universe is composed. It has two characteristics: It has mass; and It occupies space (i.e., it has a volume). Matter can be found in three generic states: Solid;
Cold Stuff. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education http://education.jlab.org/
Cold Stuff Cold Stuff What materials make good insulators? Problem Which substance makes the best insulator: cotton, air or steel wool? Research Answer the following True or False questions about insulators:
Chemical Reactions Practice Test
Chemical Reactions Practice Test Chapter 2 Name Date Hour _ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The only sure evidence for a chemical reaction
A n = 2 to n = 1. B n = 3 to n = 1. C n = 4 to n = 2. D n = 5 to n = 2
North arolina Testing Program EO hemistry Sample Items Goal 4 1. onsider the spectrum for the hydrogen atom. In which situation will light be produced? 3. Which color of light would a hydrogen atom emit
Forms of Energy. Freshman Seminar
Forms of Energy Freshman Seminar Energy Energy The ability & capacity to do work Energy can take many different forms Energy can be quantified Law of Conservation of energy In any change from one form
Heating and cooling. Insulation. Quick facts on insulation:
Heating and cooling Heating and cooling your home can be one of the biggest users of energy. Efficency in this area can bring great savings. Heating and cooling depend on many contributing factors. The
Convection, Conduction & Radiation
Convection, Conduction & Radiation There are three basic ways in which heat is transferred: convection, conduction and radiation. In gases and liquids, heat is usually transferred by convection, in which
MAXIMUM MARK: 50. Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Primary Checkpoint SCIENCE 0846/02
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Primary Checkpoint SCIENCE 0846/02 Paper 2 For Examination from 2014 SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME 45 minutes MAXIMUM MARK: 50 This document consists of 10 printed
Scholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Physics Research, 2010, 1 (2):103-111 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-0970 Lubricating
Experiment 1: Colligative Properties
Experiment 1: Colligative Properties Determination of the Molar Mass of a Compound by Freezing Point Depression. Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of an unknown
Hands-On Labs SM-1 Lab Manual
EXPERIMENT 4: Separation of a Mixture of Solids Read the entire experiment and organize time, materials, and work space before beginning. Remember to review the safety sections and wear goggles when appropriate.
CHEM 120 Online Chapter 7
CHEM 120 Online Chapter 7 Date: 1. Which of the following statements is not a part of kinetic molecular theory? A) Matter is composed of particles that are in constant motion. B) Particle velocity increases
Practice Test. 4) The planet Earth loses heat mainly by A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation. D) all of these Answer: C
Practice Test 1) Increase the pressure in a container of oxygen gas while keeping the temperature constant and you increase the A) molecular speed. B) molecular kinetic energy. C) Choice A and choice B
Year 10 Investigation. What Makes Ice Melt Fastest? By Rebecca Hogan
Investigation What Makes Ice Melt Fastest? MY WEBSITE: http://whatsubstancemeltsicefastest.weebly.com/ Nature of Investigation: What keeps us cool on hot days? What is used in our cool, refreshing beverages?
Chemical versus Physical Changes
Chemical versus Physical Changes Permission to Copy - This document may be reproduced for non-commercial educational purposes Copyright 2009 General Electric Company What are physical and chemical changes?
Name: Class: Date: 10. Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other substances absorb.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A PS Chapter 13 Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. In all cooling
We will try to get familiar with a heat pump, and try to determine its performance coefficient under different circumstances.
C4. Heat Pump I. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT We will try to get familiar with a heat pump, and try to determine its performance coefficient under different circumstances. II. INTRODUCTION II.1. Thermodynamic
THIRD GRADE WEATHER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
THIRD GRADE WEATHER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WATER CYCLE OVERVIEW OF THIRD GRADE WATER WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing the different components of the water cycle. LAB: Contrasting water with hydrogen
Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Problems to try at end of chapter: Answers in Appendix I: 1,3,5,7b,9b,15,17,23,25,29,31,33,45,49,51,53,61 13.1 Properties of Liquids 1. Liquids take the shape of their container,