SAFE Workshop Tokyo, 1 st December 2014 Rice crop monitoring in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Prototyping Executor: HoChiMinh City Institute of Resources Geography (HCMIRG) VAST, Vietnam Technical Supporter: National Institute for Agro Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Japan Centre d'etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère (CESBIO), France
1. Overview Overview Background: Vietnam is one of the leading rice producers and exporters in the world. Monitoring, distribution mapping, and yield estimating of rice crop, hence, have become the imperative tasks. Remote sensing based technology has not been applied in practice to replace traditional ground based survey methods. This is because of limitations of image processing techniques, and available EO data obtained, which have a remarkable influence on results achieved. Objectives: Monitoring of rice cropping area and rice growth; and estimating rice yield and production, based on realistic EO data acquisition plan. Mekong Delta, Vietnam 13 provinces and city; Area: 40,553 Km 2 (12% or 1/8); Population: 17.39 M (20% or 1/5); Rice production: 24.293 Mton (> 50% or 1/2). Source: GSO, 2012 1 Source: http://gis.chinhphu.vn
1. Overview Overview Implementation structures 1. HCMC Institute of Resources Geography, Vietnam Surveying, measuring, and collecting data: field data, optical and radar remote sensing imagery, maps, etc.; Processing and analysing data; Establishing tools and rice monitoring models; Checking and assessing results; Transforming results and technologies. 2. Space Technology Institute, Vietnam Processing and analysing data. 3. An Giang University, Vietnam Providing statistical data; Assisting in field data collection. 4. An Giang Agriculture and Rural Development Department, Vietnam Providing statistical data; Testing and using results. 5. Centre d'etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère, France Providing technical advice for satellite data processing and field survey. 6. National Institute for Agro Environmental Sciences, Japan Providing technical advice for satellite data processing and field survey. 7. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Providing satellite data and technical support for data processing. 2
1. Overview Previous projects 1. Rice & Mangrove monitoring in Southern Vietnam RICEMAN Overview TerraSAR X & ENVISAT ASAR data, 2010 2011 Rice mapping: Single date mapping algorithm Yield estimation model: Statistical model. 2. Rice crop monitoring using new generation synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery ENVISAT ASAR data, 2007 2008 Rice mapping: Single date mapping algorithm Yield estimation model: Statistical model. 3. Utilisation of SAR data for rice crop monitoring ERS2 SAR data, 1997 1998 Rice mapping: Temporal change measurement Yield estimation model: Agro meteorological model (AMM). 4. Other projects in the Mekong and Red River Delta History of the project 2013 June: Approved; 2013 July: Kick off meeting in An Giang; 2013 Aug Nov: Monitoring 1 st crop; 2013 Dec: SAFE Workshop in HN; 2013 Dec 2014 Apr: Monitoring 2 nd crop; 2014 Apr: SAFE Workshop in KL; 2014 May Aug: Monitoring 3 rd crop; 2014 Oct: SAFE meeting in HCMC. 3
2. Current Status of the Activities Work plan Experimental set up Selection of test site; Determination of EO data acquisitions; Definition of ground data to be collected; Collecting ground and EO data. Establish distribution map of rice area Collecting and analysing data; Develop methods for mapping rice area using optical (MODIS) and radar data; Assessing rice mapping methods; Establishing GIS database. Progress Experimental set up An Giang test site; Request of CSK, RSAT 2, TerraSAR X, RISAT 1 data for rice crop monitoring; List of ground data collected; Ground data collection for 3 crops. Establish distribution map of rice area Analysis of ground data and CSK, RSAT 2 data for AW 2013, WS & SA 2014 crops; Mapping of AW 2013, WS & SA 2014 rice crops using radar data; Using statistical and field data; Ongoing. 4
2. Current Status of the Activities Work plan Rice yield estimation model Surveying and measuring field data of rice parameters; Using radar imagery to extract rice backscatter; establish relationships between rice parameters and backscattering coefficients; Establishing rice yield estimation model based on multiple regression analysis between in situ measured yield and polarization ratios; Estimating rice yield harvested according to crops; Assessing rice yield estimation method. Validation activities Setting technical demonstrator site in the study area; Collecting validation data such as cultivated area, plant height etc. Writing project report. Progress Rice yield estimation model For AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops; Rice backscatter extracted from CSK, RSAT 2 for AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops; For AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops; For AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops; For AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops. Validation activities Completed; Collection of cultivated area, rice and non rice locations for AW 2013, WS & SA 2014 crops. Writing project report: 2015. 5
Rice crops: AW 2013, WS & SA 2014 SAR data: COSMO-SkyMed: 13 dates (DES) RADARSAT-2: 27 dates (16 DES & 11 ASC) No. Sensor Observation date Pass 1 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Aug-19 DES 2 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Sep-04 DES 3 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Sep-20 DES 4 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Oct-06 DES 5 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Oct-14 DES 6 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Oct-22 DES 7 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Oct-30 DES 8 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Nov-07 DES 9 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Nov-15 DES 10 COSMO-SkyMed 2013-Nov-23 DES 11 COSMO-SkyMed 2014-Jan-26 DES 12 COSMO-SkyMed 2014-Feb-11 DES 13 COSMO-SkyMed 2014-Feb-27 DES No. Sensor Observation date Pass 1 RADARSAT-2 2013-Aug-29 DES 2 RADARSAT-2 2013-Sep-22 DES 3 RADARSAT-2 2013-Oct-16 DES 4 RADARSAT-2 2013-Nov-09 DES 5 RADARSAT-2 2013-Dec-03 DES 6 RADARSAT-2 2013-Dec-08 ASC 7 RADARSAT-2 2013-Dec-27 DES 8 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jan-01 ASC 9 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jan-20 DES 10 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jan-25 ASC 11 RADARSAT-2 2014-Feb-13 DES 12 RADARSAT-2 2014-Apr-07 ASC 13 RADARSAT-2 2014-Apr-26 DES 14 RADARSAT-2 2014-May-01 ASC 15 RADARSAT-2 2014-May-20 DES 16 RADARSAT-2 2014-May-25 ASC 17 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jun-13 DES 18 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jun-18 ASC 19 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jul-07 DES 20 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jul-12 ASC 21 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jul-31 DES 22 RADARSAT-2 2014-Aug-05 ASC 23 RADARSAT-2 2014-Aug-24 DES 24 RADARSAT-2 2014-Aug-29 ASC 25 RADARSAT-2 2014-Sep-17 DES 26 RADARSAT-2 2014-Sep-22 ASC 27 RADARSAT-2 2014-Oct-11 DES
AW 2013 rice crop 10-date COSMO-SkyMed data acquired: 19 Aug, 4 Sep, 20 Sep, 6 Oct, 14 Oct, 22 Oct, 30 Oct, 7 Nov, 15 Nov, 23 Nov 4-date RADARSAT-2 data acquired: 29 Aug, 22 Sep, 16 Oct, 9 Nov Ground data collection: Mayenta: 6 intensive measurements coincident with satellite overpass Cyan: 4 extensive measurements coincident with satellite overpass
SAFE Workshop and EO Working Group/APRSAF-20 Hanoi, 2-4 Dec 2013 Rice parameters Description Equipment Paddy variety Ex.: IR 64 Method of planting direct sowing/ transplanting Sowing date Transplanting date (if transplanting) Date of harvesting SAFE Prototype date of direct sowing or number of days after sowing date of transplantation or the number of days after transplantation if the rice has been harvested General parameters Leaf parameters (optional) 8 Panicle parameters Yield (kg/m 2 ) if the rice have been harvested Seeding, transplanting, tillering, Plant phenological stage heading, flowering, ripening, ready to harvest Water layer height (cm) if fields are flooded stick Plant height (cm) above water layer tape Wet weight per m 2 (g) Dry weight per m 2 (g) Number of leaves per stem Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) above water biomass (moist weight by m 2 ) cut all plants from defined areas (min 50 x 50 cm) objective is to measure the dry Oven dry (105 biomass per m 2 during 24 hours) Few samples for each sortie -Photo -Xerox copy of leaves Moist and dry biomass of panicles per m 2 8
An Giang (Thoai Son & Chau Thanh districts) Field samples: 40 Check points: 40 rice points, 24 non-rice points 9 9
19 Aug 2013 (2) Sample rice field MPD3 sown on 17 Aug 2013 19 Aug 2013 COSMO-SkyMed data: StripMap Pingpong, HH&VV 10 dates (19 Aug 23 Nov) 4 Sep 2013 (18) 4 Sep 2013 10 13 Sep 2013 (27) 10 20 Sep 2013
6 Oct 2013 (50) 6 Oct 2013 17 Oct 2013 (61) 14 Oct 2013 11 29 Oct 2013 (72) 30 Oct 2013 11
10 Nov 2013 (84) 7 Nov 2013 16 Nov 2013 (89) 17 Nov 2013 12
0.0 HH 5.0 HH (db) 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 CSK_PP_20130819HH CSK_PP_20130904HH CSK_PP_20130920HH CSK_PP_20131006HH CSK_PP_20131014HH CSK_PP_20131030HH CSK_PP_20131107HH CSK_PP_20131115HH 30.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Ngày sau khi sạ Days after sowing 13 13
0.0 VV 5.0 VV (db) 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 CSK_PP_20130819VV CSK_PP_20130904VV CSK_PP_20130920VV CSK_PP_20131006VV CSK_PP_20131014VV CSK_PP_20131030VV CSK_PP_20131107VV CSK_PP_20131115VV 30.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Ngày sau khi sạ Days after sowing 14 14
15.0 HH/VV 10.0 HH/VV (db) 5.0 0.0 5.0 CSK_PP_20130819 CSK_PP_20130904 CSK_PP_20130920 CSK_PP_20131006 CSK_PP_20131014 CSK_PP_20131030 CSK_PP_20131107 CSK_PP_20131115 10.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Ngày sau khi sạ Days after sowing 15 15
Methods used for rice/non-rice mapping using multi-temporal CSK radar imagery 16 16
Accuracy assessment of rice/non-rice mapping method based on field check points Images used Threshold Value Overall accuracy Kappa 20/09/2013 5 db 84.38% 0.68 06/10/2013 5 db 65.63% 0.36 14/10/2013 5 db 64.06% 0.35 20/09/2013, 14/10/2013 5 db 85.94% 0.71 20/09/2013, 06/10/2013 5 db 84.38% 0.68 20/09/2013, 06/10/2013, 14/10/2013 5 db 84.38% 0.68 20/09/2013 4 db 87.50% 0.74 06/10/2013 4 db 68.75% 0.40 14/10/2013 4 db 71.88% 0.46 20/09/2013, 14/10/2013 4 db 89.06% 0.77 20/09/2013, 06/10/2013 4 db 84.38% 0.67 20/09/2013, 06/10/2013, 14/10/2013 4 db 85.94% 0.70 17 17
Estimated area Agency data Percentage error Commune Name (ha) (ha) (%) An Bình 2,274 2,287 0.6 Bình Thành 2,313 2,325 0.5 Định Mỹ 3,178 2,965 7.2 Định Thành 2,613 2,454 6.5 Mỹ Phú Đông 2,676 2,740 2.3 Phú Thuận 1,131 835 35.4 Thoại Giang 2,203 2,248 2.0 Núi Sập 455 442 2.9 Óc Eo 522 592 11.8 Phú Hòa 294 310 5.2 Vĩnh Khánh 2,500 2,810 11.0 Vĩnh Phú 3,069 3,153 2.7 Vĩnh Trạch 1,269 1,424 10.9 Vĩnh Chánh 2,357 1,996 18.1 Vọng Đông 2,601 2,096 24.1 Total 29,455 28,677 2.7 Agency data (ha) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Accuracy assessment of rice/non-rice mapping method for AW 2013 crop in Thoai Son district using two-date CSK data (20 Sep and 14 Oct) based on statistical data y = 0.9639x + 18.956 R² = 0.9511 500 18 0 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 Estimated area (ha) 18
AW 2013 crop from CSK PP (20 Sep 2013) AW 2013 crop from CSK PP (20 Sep & 14 Oct 2013) 19 19
Current Status of the Activities AW 2013 crop from CSK PP (20 Sep & 14 Oct 2013) 20 WS 2014 crop from CSK PP (11 Feb 2014) 20
21 AW 2007 crop from ASAR APP AW 2010 crop from ASAR APP AW 2013 crop from CSK PP 21
Current Status of the Activities 22 PALSAR image in AW 2010 crop (06 Nov 2010) AW 2010 crop from ASAR APP 22
Methods used for rice yield estimation CSK Data Ground-truth data σ o of sampling fields In situ rice yield Regression analysis * Regression equation Rice/None-rice maps Estimated rice yield distribution maps Estimated rice production 23 23
Correlation between HH/VV ratios and sample rice yield in AW 2013 crop of Chau Thanh and Thoai Son districts No. R 2 Observation date of CSK image 0.943 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 14/10/2013 22/10/2013 30/10/2013 07/11/2013 1 0.646 04/09/2013 22/10/2013 07/11/2013 2 0.642 04/09/2013 06/10/2013 22/10/2013 3 0.627 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 22/10/2013 4 0.619 04/09/2013 14/10/2013 22/10/2013 5 0.618 04/09/2013 22/10/2013 30/10/2013 6 0.589 20/09/2013 14/10/2013 22/10/2013 7 0.584 20/09/2013 22/10/2013 30/10/2013 8 0.583 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 22/10/2013 9 0.568 20/09/2013 22/10/2013 07/11/2013 10 0.538 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 07/11/2013 11 0.534 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 14/10/2013 12 0.529 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 30/10/2013 13 0.529 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 06/10/2013 14 0.482 20/09/2013 14/10/2013 30/10/2013 15 0.456 04/09/2013 06/10/2013 07/11/2013 16 0.43 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 30/10/2013 17 0.423 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 14/10/2013 18 0.417 04/09/2013 20/09/2013 07/11/2013 19 0.413 20/09/2013 14/10/2013 07/11/2013. 24 24
Y Ra = 6.66696 0.483956*Ra 1 0.284715*Ra 2 + 0.641779*Ra 3 r 2 = 0.646, se y = 0.5 ton/ha Where: Y Ra : rice yield (ton/ha), Ra 1 : polarisation ratio of first date image, Ra 2 : polarisation ratio of second date image, Ra 3 : polarisation ratio of third date image, r 2 : the coefficient of determination, se y : the standard error for the y estimate. A distribution map of estimated rice yield in AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date polarisation ratios: CSK 04 Sep 2013 CSK 22 Oct 2013 CSK 07 Nov 2013 25
Commune name Estimated production (ton) Agency data (ton) Percentage error (%) Vinh Thanh 11,655 11,382 2.4 Vinh Nhuan 19,097 18,640 2.5 Vinh Loi 12,620 13,229 4.6 Hoa Binh Thanh 13,539 14,797 8.5 TT. An Chau 2,744 3,472 21.0 Binh Hoa 7,076 6,852 3.3 Vinh Binh 14,220 12,565 13.2 Vinh Hanh 14,653 15,188 3.5 Can Dang 12,688 12,973 2.2 An Hoa 3,048 2,679 13.8 Binh Thanh 14,028 13,225 6.1 Dinh My 19,492 17,668 10.3 Dinh Thanh 14,951 14,157 5.6 My Phu Dong 15,114 18,056 16.3 Phu Thuan 4,961 5,684 12.7 Thoai Giang 13,865 13,025 6.4 TT. Nui Sap 2,905 2,495 16.4 TT. Oc Eo 3,390 3,297 2.8 TT. Phu Hoa 1,436 1,614 11.0 Vinh Khanh 14,432 16,357 11.8 Vinh Phu 18,541 19,735 6.1 Vinh Trach 7,404 8,975 17.5 Vinh Chanh 11,538 12,333 6.4 Vong Dong 16,158 12,551 28.7 Total 269,555 270,949 0.5 Estimated production (ton) 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 y = 0.9788x + 181.2 R² = 0.9429 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Agency data (ton) Chau Thanh Thoai Son Accuracy assessment of estimated production for AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three-date polarisation ratios (HH/VV) of CSK (04 Sep, 22 Oct, 07 Nov 2013) based on statistical data 26
RADARSAT-2 data used (Descending): 13 dates No. Sensor Observation date Pass Season 1 RADARSAT-2 2013-Aug-29 DES 2 RADARSAT-2 2013-Sep-22 DES 3 RADARSAT-2 2013-Oct-16 DES AW2013 4 RADARSAT-2 2013-Nov-09 DES 5 RADARSAT-2 2013-Dec-03 DES 6 RADARSAT-2 2013-Dec-27 DES 7 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jan-20 DES WS2014 8 RADARSAT-2 2014-Feb-13 DES 9 RADARSAT-2 2014-Apr-26 DES 10 RADARSAT-2 2014-May-20 DES 11 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jun-13 DES 12 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jul-07 DES SA2014 13 RADARSAT-2 2014-Jul-31 DES 27
5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 VV (db) 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 R2_AW13_20130829_VV R2_AW13_20130922_VV R2_AW13_20131016_VV R2_AW13_20131109_VV R2_WS14_20131227_VV R2_WS14_20140120_VV R2_WS14_20140213_VV 21.0 23.0 25.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Days after sowing 28
5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 VH (db) 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 R2_AW13_20130829_VH R2_AW13_20130922_VH R2_AW13_20131016_VH R2_AW13_20131109_VH R2_WS14_20131227_VH R2_WS14_20140120_VH R2_WS14_20140213_VH 21.0 23.0 25.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Days after sowing 29
14.0 12.0 10.0 VV/VH (db) 8.0 6.0 4.0 R2_AW13_20130829 R2_AW13_20130922 R2_AW13_20131016 R2_AW13_20131109 R2_WS14_20131227 R2_WS14_20140120 R2_WS14_20140213 2.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Days after sowing 30
Methods used for rice/non-rice mapping using multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 radar imagery Pre-processing Calibration Multi-temporal filtering Spatial filtering Geo-correction Rice/non-rice mapping using VH polarisation with multi-temporal data Accuracy assessment Accuracy assessment of rice/non-rice mapping method based on field check points (70 rice/non-rice points) Images used Threshold Value Overall accuracy Kappa 29 Aug & 09 Nov 2013 2.0 db 82.9% 0.6471 29 Aug & 09 Nov 2013 2.5 db 80.0% 0.5984 29 Aug & 09 Nov 2013 3.0 db 80.0% 0.6016 32
AW 2013 crop from RADARSAT-2 (29 Aug & 09 Nov 2013) AW 2013 crop from CSK PP (20 Sep & 14 Oct 2013) 33
Commune name Estimated area (ha) Agency data (ha) Percentage error (%) An Binh 2,422 2,287 5.9 Binh Thanh 2,316 2,325 0.4 Đinh My 3,274 2,965 10.4 Đinh Thanh 2,743 2,454 11.8 My Phu Đong 2,828 2,740 3.2 Phu Thuan 326 835 61.0 Tay Phu 1,936 2,386 18.9 Thoai Giang 2,349 2,248 4.5 Nui Sap 481 442 8.8 Oc Eo 507 592 14.4 Phu Hoa 99 310 68.1 Vinh Khanh 2,545 2,810 9.4 Vinh Phu 3,213 3,153 1.9 Vĩnh Trach 1,303 1,424 8.5 Vinh Chanh 1,530 1,996 23.3 Vong Đong 2,620 2,096 25.0 Vong The 2,383 2,300 3.6 Total 32,875 33,363 1.5 Agency data (ha) Accuracy assessment of rice/non-rice mapping method for AW 2013 crop in Thoai Son district using two-date RADARSAT-2 data (29 Aug & 9 Nov 2013) based on statistical data 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 RADARSAT 2, Thoai Son District AW2013 500 y = 0.8439x + 330.44 R² = 0.9324 0 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 Estimated area (ha) 34
Comparision of rice/non-rice mapping method for AW 2013 crop in Chau Thanh district using two-date RADARSAT-2 data (29 Aug and 9 Nov) Rice/non-rice classified image using INAHOR 35
WS 2014 crop (03 Dec 2013 & 20 Jan 2014) WS 2014 crop (27 Dec 2013 & 13 Fed 2014) WS 2014 crop (03 Dec 2013 & 13 Fed 2014) WS 2014 crop (4 dates) 36
Y Ra = 5.00754 + 41.8662*Ra 1 + 8.89289*Ra 2 + 4.91543 *Ra 3 r 2 = 0.6015, se y = 0.45 ton/ha Where: Y Ra : rice yield (ton/ha), Ra 1 : o of VH polarisation of first date image, Ra 2 : o of VH polarisation of second date image, Ra 3 : o of VH polarisation of third date image, r 2 : the coefficient of determination, se y : the standard error for the y estimate. A distribution map of estimated rice yield in AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son districts using three date VH polarisation: RADARSAT 2 29 Aug 2013 RADARSAT 2 16 Oct 2013 RADARSAT 2 09 Nov 2013 37
Commune name Estimated Agency Percentage production (ton) data (ton) error (%) 25000 Vinh Thanh 13,032 11,382 14.5 Vinh Nhuan 19,616 18,640 5.2 Vinh Loi 14,101 13,229 6.6 Hoa Binh Thanh 14,896 14,797 0.7 TT. An Chau 2,488 3,472 28.3 Binh Hoa 7,044 6,852 2.8 Vinh Binh 12,766 12,565 1.6 Vinh Hanh 13,498 15,188 11.1 Can Dang 14,101 12,973 8.7 An Hoa 2,099 2,679 21.6 Binh Thanh 14,107 13,225 6.7 Dinh My 20,336 17,668 15.1 Dinh Thanh 17,299 14,157 22.2 My Phu Dong 16,687 18,056 7.6 Phu Thuan 2,117 5,684 62.8 Thoai Giang 13,891 13,025 6.6 TT. Nui Sap 2,891 2,495 15.9 TT. Oc Eo 3,036 3,297 7.9 TT. Phu Hoa 617 1,614 61.8 Vinh Khanh 15,570 16,357 4.8 Vinh Phu 19,300 19,735 2.2 Vinh Trach 8,139 8,975 9.3 Vinh Chanh 9,729 12,333 21.1 Vong Dong 15,587 12,551 24.2 Total 272,947 270,949 0.7 Estimated production (ton) 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 y = 1.0841x 866.5 R² = 0.9372 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Agency data (ton) Chau Thanh Thoai Son Accuracy assessment of estimated production for AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three-date VH polarisation of RADARSAT-2 (29 Aug, 16 Oct & 09 Nov 2013) based on statistical data 38
A distribution map of estimated rice yield in AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date VH polarisation: RADARSAT 2 29 Aug 2013 RADARSAT 2 16 Oct 2013 RADARSAT 2 09 Nov 2013 A distribution map of estimated rice yield in AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date HH&VV polarisation ratios: CSK 04 Sep 2013 CSK 22 Oct 2013 CSK 07 Nov 2013 39
Current Status of the Activities YRa = 11.73063 + 13.5107*Ra1 85.4393*Ra2 78.03883*Ra3 r2 = 0.779, sey = 0.3 ton/ha A distribution map of estimated rice yield in Where: YRa : rice yield (ton/ha), Ra1 : o of VH polarisation of first date image, Ra2 : o of VH polarisation of second date image, Ra3 : o of VH polarisation of third date image, r2 : the coefficient of determination, sey : the standard error for the y estimate. WS 2014 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date VH polarisation: RADARSAT 2 27 Dec 2013 RADARSAT 2 20 Jan 2014 RADARSAT 2 13 Feb 2014 40
Commune name Estimated production (ton) Agency data (ton) Percentage error (%) Vinh Thanh 13,451 16,487 18.4 Tan Phu 12,821 16,731 23.4 Vinh Nhuan 20,364 26,000 21.7 Vinh Loi 16,936 17,978 5.8 Hoa Binh Thanh 19,432 22,341 13.0 TT. An Chau 3,573 4,777 25.2 Vinh An 19,893 21,177 6.1 Binh Hoa 11,067 11,703 5.4 Vinh Binh 22,444 29,405 23.7 Vinh Hanh 21,826 23,686 7.9 Can Dang 24,980 25,602 2.4 An Hoa 9,517 10,361 8.1 Total 196,304 226,248 13.2 Estimated production (ton) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 y = 0.8366x + 585.81 R² = 0.9269 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 Agency data (ton) Accuracy assessment of estimated production for WS 2014 crop at Chau Thanh district using three-date VH polarisation of RADARSAT-2 (27 Dec 2013, 20 Jan & 13 Feb 2014) based on statistical data. 41
Current Status of the Activities A distribution map of estimated rice yield in AW 2013 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date VH polarisation: RADARSAT 2 29 Aug 2013 RADARSAT 2 16 Oct 2013 RADARSAT 2 09 Nov 2013 A distribution map of estimated rice yield in WS 2014 crop at Chau Thanh and Thoai Son district using three date VH polarisation: RADARSAT 2 27 Dec 2013 RADARSAT 2 20 Jan 2014 RADARSAT 2 13 Feb 2014 42
No. Rice area Rice yield Note Mapping Percentage error Yield estimation Percentage error AW2013 CSK X 2.7% (TS) X 0.5% (TS&CT) 2.5% (CT) AW2013 RS2 X 1.5% (TS) X 0.5% (TS&CT) 7.5% (CT) WS2014 CSK X 7.7% (TS) N/A 13.5% (CT) WS2014 RS2 X 1.1% (TS) 13.8 %(CT) X 13.2% (CT) Yield AA: Not yet for TS SA2014 RS2 Ongoing TS: Thoai Son; CT: Chau Thanh AA: Accuracy Assessment 43
Comparison study and correlation study between NDVI and backscattering for rice phenology Data used: 8 day composite MODIS data (500 m) in 2007 ALOS PALSAR (L band, HH polarization, 100 m) in 2007 1. 2007/01/31 2. 2007/03/18 3. 2007/05/03 4. 2007/06/18 5. 2007/08/03 6. 2007/09/18 7. 2007/11/03 8. 2007/12/19 44 44
Comparison study and correlation study between NDVI and backscattering for rice phenology Backscattering 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 NDVI 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Date 0.2 329353 9 33 57 81 105129153177201225249273297321345 DOY (2007) PALSAR MODIS Triple rice crop were practiced in Cho Moi district, An Giang province Crop heading date (from MODIS): DOY 41, 169 and 297 45 45
Comparison study and correlation study between NDVI and backscattering for rice phenology Backscattering 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 NDVI 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Date 0 329 353 9 33 57 81 105 129 153 177 201 225 249 273 297 321 345 DOY (2007) PALSAR MODIS Double rice crop were practiced in Thoi Lai district, Can Tho city Crop heading date (from MODIS): DOY 17 and 177 46 46
Reflection of the comments 3. Reflection of the comments on the SAFE Workshop Comments/Suggestions: Study RADARSAT2 VV/VH data using JAXA s software INAHOR Ongoing. Study optimal number and timing of satellite data to estimate rice crop area Done. Invite DARD to confirm their requirement for this prototyping and to promote SAFE prototyping in stakeholder meeting Planning. Revise PDM to add use RADARSAT2 in this SAFE prototyping under Asia rice crop team activity in GEO GLAM Done. 47
Achievement to Date Status: 4. Achievement to Date 18/24 months (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM: OVERVIEW) [Project Purpose] Monitoring of rice cropping area and rice growth; Estimating rice yield and production by RS data in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Outputs Progress of Activities Collect and analyze data Develop methods for mapping rice area Rice distribution maps of the using SAR and optical data Vietnam s Mekong Delta using 1 Develop crop calendar using highfrequent revisit data (MODIS) MODIS and ScanSAR data Assess rice mapping methods Setting technical demonstrator site Ongoing Collect validation data Survey and measure field data Use radar to extract rice backscatter Rice yield estimation maps of An Establish rice yield estimation model 2 Giang province for a few districts Estimate rice yield harvested using SAR data Assess rice yield estimation method Setting technical demonstrator site Ongoing Collecting validation data Establish GIS database in the study area 3GIS database of rice Ongoing for data/information above 4 Capacity for monitoring/estimating rice crops using RS data Training/capacity building Ongoing 5Stakeholder meeting Preparation Planning Holding the stakeholder meeting 48 Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Completed Ongoing Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Planning Planning
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (1) Purpose/Goal (Outcome) (1-1) Project Purpose [Project Purpose] Monitoring of rice cropping area and rice growth; Estimating rice yield and production by remote sensing data in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. [Indicator] The result of the two-year prototype implementation: information of rice crop monitoring and yield estimation. (1-2) Overall Goal [Overall Goal] Contribute to following goals: -Assist managers, planners and decision makers from local to national level in establishing sustainable development strategies (AGDARD, other relative departments); -Capacity building for researchers (HCMIRG, AGU); -A good chance to have a mutual learning to improve qualifications with relative research fields (HCMIRG, AGU); -Successful project will help develop socioeconomic sustainably. People will inherit benefits from achievements of project (AGDARD, other relative departments, farmers); -Create a reliable database supporting for studying and training programs (HCMCIRG, AGU); -Dissemination/outreaching of the prototype result after its completion through public media or academic paper etc. inside the country or among Asia-Pacific region. [Indicator] 1.Successful vision designing (or shift to) operational use of the prototype by implementing agency (HCMIRG) and transfer to the end-user agency (AGDARD). 2.Technology transfer of the satellite image analysis method to the implementing agency (HCMIRG) for future operations. (1) Purpose/Goal (Outcome) (1-1) Project Purpose Rice cropping area maps and yield estimation from CSK & RSAT-2 data for AW 2013 and WS 2014 crops. (1-2) Overall Goal Capacity building for researchers at HCMIRG and AGU 49
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (2) Output & Activities (2-1) Output #1 (2) Output & Activities (2-1) Output #1 1.Rice distribution maps of the Vietnam s Mekong Delta using MODIS and ScanSAR data (ALOS PALSAR, ALOS-2 etc.); [Indicator] 1-1.Set of rice distribution maps in the Mekong Delta. [Activities] 1-1.Collecting and analyzing data 1-1 SAR and ground data collected 1-2.Develop methods for mapping rice area using SARfor AW 2013, WS&SA 2014 crops (ALOS PALSAR, ALOS-2 etc.) and optical (MODIS) data 1-2 Rice distribution map of AW 2013 1-3.Develop crop calendar using high-frequent revisit& WS 2014 crops using CSK data data (MODIS). 1-4.Assessing rice mapping methods. 1-5.Setting technical demonstrator site in the study area, 1-4.For AW 2013, WS 2014 crops 1-5.Thoai Son & Chau Thanh district 1-6.Collecting validation data such as cultivated area, 1-6.For AW 2013, WS&SA 2014 crops plant height etc. 50
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (2) Output & Activities (2-2) Output #2 (2) Output & Activities (2-2) Output #2 2.Rice yield estimation maps of An Giang province for a few districts using SAR data (ALOS PALSAR, ALOS-2 etc.); [Indicator] 2-1. Established rice yield estimation model. 2-2. Set of rice yield estimation maps after harvest in a few districts in An Giang province. [Activities] 2-1.Surveying and measuring field data of rice parameters; 2-1. Field data of rice parameters have been 2-2.Using radar imagery to extract rice backscatter; tocollected and measured; establish relationships between rice parameters and 2-2. Rice backscatter extracted from CSK & backscattering coefficients; 2-3.Establishing rice yield estimation model; 2-4.Estimating rice yield harvested according to crops; 2-5.Assessing rice yield estimation method; 2-6.Setting technical demonstrator site in the study area. RSAT-2 for AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops. 2-3&2-4. Rice yield of AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops have been estimated. 2-5. Assessed for AW 2013 & WS 2014 crops 2-6. Thoai Son & Chau Thanh districts. 2-7.Collecting validation data such as cultivated area, plant 2-7. For AW 2013, WS&SA 2014 crops height etc. 51
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (2) Output & Activities (2) Output & Activities (2-3) Output #3 (2-3) Output #3 3.GIS database of rice for the study area. [Indicator] 3-1. GIS database of rice for the study area. [Activities] 3-1.Establishing GIS database in the study area for data/information above. 52
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (2) Output & Activities (2-4) Output #4 (2) Output & Activities (2-4) Output #4 4.Achieving capacity for monitoring and estimating rice crops using remote sensing data [Indicator] 4-1.At least one training/capacity building for HCMIRG staffs. [Activities] 4-1. Training/capacity building. 4-1. On job training and INAHOR training 53
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (2) Output & Activities (2) Output & Activities (2-5) Output #5 (2-5) Output #5 5.Holding of stakeholder meeting with related agencies etc. [Indicator] 5-1. Holding of one stakeholder meeting with the agencies. [Activities] 5-1. Preparation (incl. selection of members that should be involved) of the stakeholder meeting. 5-2. Holding of the stakeholder meeting and delivery of the SAFE prototype results. 54
Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (3) Input (3) Input (3-1) Supporter 1.Satellite Images by JAXA (archived PALSARJAXA: provided PALSAR data; + future PALSAR-2 images) CESBIO: supporting to collect CSK data; 2.Technical Supporter: National Institute forcsa: providing RADARSAT-2 data Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), JAXA (3-2) Executor 1.Satellite images by VAST 2. 5 staff of HCMIRG AGU: support to collect ground data; 3.Supporting Agencies: STI/VAST, An GiangHCMIRG: ground data collection and data University (AGU), AGDARD, CESBIO. analysis. 4.Hardware/Software etc. 55
PDM Items Achievements (as of Dec. 2014) (4) Important Assumptions (4-1) Pre-Conditions Delivery of necessary satellite data from JAXA to HCMIRG. Achievement to Date 4. Achievement to Date (Summary of the achievements/expected achievements in accordance with SAFE PDM.) (4) Important Assumptions No specific changes in these Important Assumptions. (4-2) Assumptions required to achieve the Outputs None (4-3) Assumptions required to achieve the Project Purpose. None (4-4) Assumptions required to reach the Overall Goal. None (4-5) Assumptions required to sustain the operational use of SAFE prototype. Ensuring the allocation of budget for the operation. Collaboration between HCMIRG and AGDARD is maintained. 56
5. Next Steps Next Step Future work plan SA 2014 crop (May Aug 2014) Analysing collected data i.e. RADARSAT 2, etc.; Rice mapping and accuracy assessment; Estimating rice yield estimation model; SENTINEL-1 6 October 2014 GIS database of rice for the study area of the Mekong Delta. Using MODIS and ScanSAR data (ALOS PALSAR, ALOS 2, SENTINEL 1 etc.) for mapping rice cultivated area in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Comparison of L/C/X band data; and NDVI with Sigma nought for rice monitoring 57
SAFE Workshop Tokyo, 1 st December 2014 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Rice Crop Monitoring Why? How? Where? 58