Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS): Rapid Damage Assessment

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1 Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS): Fire Danger D Rating Rapid Damage Assessment G. Amatulli, A. Camia, P. Barbosa, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz

2 OUTLINE 1. Introduction: what is the JRC 2. What is EFFIS 3. EU Fire Database 4. Fire Danger Rating 5. Rapid Damage Assessment 6. On going developments

3 What is JRC and its main mission The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national.

As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.

4 European Forest Fire Information System EFFIS Fire Database Fire Danger Forecast Damage Assessment Rapid Damage Assessment Atmospheric Emissions Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables Statistics Reports Users: European Parliament Member States European Commission Post-fire risks

Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables Statistics Reports

6 European Forest Fire Information System EFFIS Fire Database Fire Danger Forecast Damage Assessment Rapid Damage Assessment Atmospheric Emissions Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables Statistics Reports Users: European Parliament Member States European Commission Post-fire risks

7 EU FIRE DATABASE Joint Member States JRC effort Individual fire events records delivered yearly 18 Countries, 20-2 years, about 1.5 million records

8 FIRE FREQUENCY Average number of fires per year ,000 1,001-4,860 NO FIRE DATA About 65,000 wildfires per year in EU FIRE DENSITY # Fires / Year / 10 sqkm of Wildland NO FIRE DATA

year in EU FIRE DENSITY # Fires / Year / 10 sqkm of Wildland 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.

9 BURNED AREA Average bured area per y ear (Ha) ,000 About 500,000 hectares burned per year in EU 1,001-2,500 2,501-5,000 5,001-15,479 NO F IRE DATA WILDLAND FRACTION BURNED Total burned area / Year / W ildland area 0% 0.01% % 0.01% 0.02% % 0.02% % 0.04% % 0.10% % 0.20% % 0.45% % 1.07% % NO F IRE DATA

WILDLAND FRACTION BURNED Total burned area / Year / W ildland area 0% 0.01% - 0.00% 0.01% 0.

10 European Forest Fire Information System EFFIS Fire Database Fire Danger Forecast Damage Assessment Rapid Damage Assessment Atmospheric Emissions Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables Statistics Reports Users: European Parliament Member States European Commission Post-fire risks

11 FIRE DANGER RATING IN EFFIS Background Established as unified platform for implementing at EU scale selected national fire weather indices Scope Harmonized methods in EU Cooperation among national services Trans-border fires Methods

national fire weather indices Scope Harmonized methods in

12 Methods Daily computation of meteorological fire danger indices EU Map production and broadcast Use of weather forecast Fire danger analysis Portuguese index Spanish ICONA method Sol-Drouet Numerical Risk Italian fire Danger Index BHEAVE fine fuel moisture model Canadian Fire Weather Index

Portuguese index Spanish ICONA method Sol-Drouet Numerical Risk Italian

13 4-10 Aug FWI average Aug FWI average Fire danger trend monitoring and analysis FRANCE GREECE ITALY PORTUGAL SPAIN Apr - 27 Apr 28 Apr - 04 May 05 May - 11 May 12 May - 18 May 19 May - 25 May 26 May - 01 Jun 02 Jun - 08 Jun 09 Jun - 15 Jun 16 Jun - 22 Jun 23 Jun - 29 Jun 30 Jun - 06 Jul 07 Jul - 13 Jul 14 Jul - 20 Jul 21 Jul - 27 Jul 28 Jul - 03 Aug 04 Aug - 10 Aug 11 Aug - 17 Aug 18 Aug - 24 Aug 25 Aug - 31 Aug 01 Sep - 07 Sep 08 Sep - 10 Sep FWI average values

08 Jun 09 Jun - 15 Jun 16 Jun - 22 Jun 23 Jun - 29 Jun 30 Jun - 06 Jul 07 Jul - 13 Jul 14 Jul - 20 Jul 21 Jul - 27 Jul 28

14 CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS Weather forecasts improved Canadian FWI adopted as the base fire danger index for EU (from 2007) Adaptation of FWI to Europe FWI calibration

15 FWI calibration in EU Empirical correlation of FWI components with forest fire statistics Definition of fire danger classes fire occurrence burned area

16 FIRE FREQUENCY JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

17 BURNED AREA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

18 Regionalization of Europe Forest Ecosystems Regions Polar Boreal Moderate Temperate Warm Temper ate Arid Moderate Mediterranean Orobiom Transition B oreal / Polar Transition B oreal / Moderate Temperate Transition Arid Moderate / Moder ate Temper ate Transition Moder ate Temper ate / Arid Moder ate Transition Moder ate Temper ate / Boreal Transition Moderate Temperate / Mediterranean Transition Moder ate Temper ate / Warm Temperate Transition Warm Temperate / Boreal Transition Warm Temperate / Mediterranean Transition Warm Temperate / Moderate Temperate Transition Mediterranean / Moderate Temperate Transition Mediterranean / Warm Temperate

ate Temper ate / Boreal Transition Moderate Temperate / Mediterranean Transition Moder ate Temper ate / Warm Temperate Transition Warm Temperate / Boreal

20 European Forest Fire Information System EFFIS Fire Database Risk Forecast Damage Assessment Rapid Damage Assessment Atmospheric Emissions Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables Statistics Reports Users: European Parliament Member States European Commission Post-fire risks

Emissions Vegetation regeneration Products: Cartography Tables

21 Rapid Damage Assessment initial steps First report on the burnt area and damage assessment based on the 8 of August IRS-WiFS image - 20/08/2003. Received MERIS image from ESA from the 14 of August with relatively little cloud cover and from the 17 of August but completely cloud cover 21/08/2003. Obtained MODIS image from the 20 August with completely clear sky conditions from the NASA Rapid Response site 22/08/2003 Update report on the burnt area and damage assessment based on the 20 of August MODIS image Update report on the burnt area and damage assessment based on the 15 September MODIS image

22 MODIS Processing Chain ( ) 2005) Automated data acquisition from NASA Rapid Response site and pre-selection based on cloud cover and No Data Geocoding to European Standard Projection LAEA-ETRS89 Atmospheric correction (6S) Consistent Tiling Time series generation

23 Tiling Scheme

24 Rapid Damage Assessment Coverage

25 Average delivery time TERRA (morning pass) path data: 1.15 h after acquisition full tiled data: 10 hours after last path acquisition AQUA (afternoon pass) path data: 3.5 h after acquisition full tiled data: 13.5 hours after last path acquisition

26 Rapid Damage Assessment ha 31/07/ ha 22/08/ ha 04/09/ ha 05/10/05

27 Damage Assessment using CLC2000

28 Burnt Area Mapping (2006) The Rapid Damage Assessment system currently provides the evaluation of damages caused by fires larger than 50 ha during the fire season The burnt area mapping is based on: 1. Visual interpretation of MODIS satellite images with 250 meters spatial resolution 2. Thermal anomalies (active fire) product 3. News catalogue on forest fires

29 Active fire product MOD14 (2006)

30 EFFIS Rapid Damage Assessment (2006) Land Cover (CLC 2000) CY ES F GR IT HR NL PT SE SI TR TOTAL Forest Land Agricultur e Artificial Surface TOTAL

31 Automated Burnt Area Algorithm fire Pre-fire Stage Post-fire Stage Pre-fire Stage Burning Stage Post-fire Stage

32 Automated Burnt Area Algorithm Change detection based on Cumulative sum charts - CUSUM (Shewart, 1931; Taylor, 2000, Kucera et al, in preparation) Validation with Landsat data for 2005 in Portugal showed very good results with an overall accuracy of around 95% Algorithm currently in phase of testing for different regions and years Implementation phase will start during Summer 2007

33 CONCLUSIONS EFFIS is good example of successful cooperation between EC and MS services Today the EU fire database is one important outcome to support further EFFIS developments We are currently entering a second phase of Fire Danger Rating and automatic Rapid Damage Assessment

34 Thanks

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