Visual Analysis. With Tableau Server. not for training use SAMPLE. AblazeGroup.com

Transcription

1 Visual Analysis With Tableau Server nt fr training use AblazeGrup.cm

2 Curse Outline Tableau Architecture Tableau defined Tableau cmpnents Tableau Server vs. Tableau Desktp Using a Tablet Cnnecting t Tableau Server Lgging in Navigating Tableau Server Mdifying existing cntent Creating New Cntent Cnnecting t data The Data pane Shelves, cards, and sheet tabs Basic visual analysis Saving and sharing cntent Using Shw Me Selecting fields t use Best practice chart types Tableau Mapping Gegraphical dimensins Symbl maps versus filled maps Map navigatin Date Analysis Navigating date hierarchies Analyzing with date dimensins Discrete versus cntinuus dates Date filters The Analytics Pane Reference lines Trend lines Using Calculated Fields and Table Calculatins Ad-hc versus the Calculatin Editr Parts f calculated fields Calculated field data types Aggregatin ptins Level-f-detail expressins Quick table calculatins Advanced table calculatins Advanced Chart Techniques Measure Names and Measure Values Shared-axis charts Dual-axis charts Advanced chart types Side-by-Side Bar Dual-Axis Bar/Line Bx Plt Bar-Over-Bar Bullet Chart Paret Chart Waterfall Chart Wrd Clud nt fr training use

3 AblazeGrup.cm Tableau Cmpnents Tableau is available in a variety f fferings--sme cmputer-based, and sme web-based. Tableau Desktp is available fr bth Windws and Mac cmputers and prvides all available design and analytical capabilities. Yu must install and maintain Tableau Desktp individually n each cmputer it runs n. Tableau Reader is a read-nly versin f Tableau Desktp. It is available fr bth Windws and Mac cmputers. It nly reads Tableau Packaged Wrkbks (.TWBX files) with embedded data surces and cannt cnnect t external data surces. Yu must install and maintain Tableau Reader individually n each cmputer it runs n. Tableau Server is web-based and runs n a server within yur wn netwrk, r a virtual server, such as Amazn Web Services r Micrsft Azure, that s accessible frm the Internet. Tableau Server can cnnect t all data surces that Tableau Desktp can, as well as Tableau Data Extracts that are published and maintained n the server. Tableau Online is a web-based hsted versin f Tableau Server, which is available n the Internet. Because it is hsted utside yur netwrk, it is limited in the data surces within yur netwrk it will cnnect t. It is als nt able t integrate with internal authenticatin systems, such as Windws Active Directry. Tableau Public is a web-based hsted versin f Tableau Server ffered free f charge n the Internet. Yu may nly publish Tableau Packaged Wrkbks (.TWBX files) with embedded data surces, as Tableau Public cannt cnnect t external data surces. There is n security r authenticatin available;; all wrkbks are fully viewable t everyne n the Internet. Tableau Server vs. Tableau Desktp Initially, Tableau Desktp was designed specifically fr designing real-time visual analytics. And, Tableau Server was designed specifically t serve already-designed visual analytics t web brwsers. If yu wanted t analyze data in real time, yu simply had t have Tableau Desktp. As versins have advanced this distinctin has blurred. nt fr training use Tableau Desktp creates all types f charts with every pssible Tableau feature. Tableau Desktp is required t publish data surces t Tableau Server. 2

4 AblazeGrup.cm Tableau Server web design creates mst f the same types f charts as Tableau Desktp. There are sme limitatins t Tableau Desktp features. Tableau Server web design can mdify mst types f existing charts, but cannt mdify dashbards r stries. With Tableau Server web design, sme Tableau features (parameters, custmized quick filters, and s frth) can be retained if already in a wrksheet, but cannt be added t new wrksheets. Tableau Server web design can create new wrksheets, but cannt create dashbards r stries (these Tableau cmpnents will be defined later in this curse). Nte: Tableau Desktp is still required t perfrm every pssible design and data surce functin. Tableau Server Usage Flws There are tw general usage flws that rganizatins fllw when designing and sharing wrkbks using Tableau Server. The mre traditinal usage cnnects end users t Tableau Server at the end f the prcess: 1. Tableau Desktp cnnects t standard database/data surce. Data is visualized (if an rganizatin des nt have Tableau Server, this is the nly ptin available). 2. Finished visualizatin is published t Tableau Server. nt fr training use 3

5 AblazeGrup.cm 3. Web client r tablet cnnects t Tableau Server t view and interact with already-designed visualizatin. Hwever, as mre capabilities have been added t subsequent versins f Tableau Server, it prvides mre and mre capabilities fr direct data visualizatin frm a web brwser r tablet. A newer alternative wrkflw places Tableau Server at the center f the visualizatin prcess: The remainder f this curse fcuses entirely n step 2 f this newer prcess. Specifically, the curse cvers visualizatin design with a brwser cnnected t an already-existing data surce n Tableau Server. 1. A cnnectin t a standard database/data surce is placed directly n Tableau Server (as a real-time live cnnectin, r a stred data extract ). 2. Tableau Desktp, r a web brwser/tablet client, cnnect t Tableau Server as the data surce. Visualizatins are designed, saved, and shared all via Tableau Server. nt fr training use 4

6 AblazeGrup.cm Mdifying Existing Cntent Lk fr the small Edit link at the tp f the current chart r dashbard. The link is surprisingly small, cnsidering all the pwer behind it. If the link isn t visible, check with yur Tableau Server administratr t make sure yu ve been granted the Web Edit right n the wrkbk. nt fr training use Stries wn t exhibit the link -- stries can nly be edited in Tableau Desktp. If yu click Edit when displaying a dashbard, the first wrksheet within the dashbard will appear. Yu may then select ther wrksheets within the dashbard frm wrkbk tabs at the bttm f the screen. The dashbard itself, hwever, can nly be edited in Tableau Desktp. 10

7 AblazeGrup.cm Determine hw t handle changes Drag fields frm the Data pane t rws, shelves, and cards. Drag n tp f an existing field t replace it. Drag in frnt f, r behind, an existing field t add the new field t chart in additin t the existing field. Drag fields frm Data pane t shelves and cards The Marks card Click tabs t edit ther wrksheets Clumns and Rws shelves Hver ver a field n a shelf r card and click the small drp-dwn arrw fr ptins. Right-click n fields, r parts f chart, fr ptins. Click tabs at bttm t edit ther wrksheets in the wrkbk. If there isn t rm t shw all tabs, click the arrws t left r right f tabs t navigate. Click the New tab t create a new wrksheet. nt fr training use 11

8 AblazeGrup.cm Explre - Editing Existing Cntent 1. Navigate t the existing Superstre Sales Analysis wrkbk in the Ablaze Training prject. 2. Edit the Tp Prfitable Custmers wrksheet. a. Replace Prfit n the Rws shelf with Sales. b. Hver yur muse near the wrd Sales in the bttm axis and srt sales in high-t-lw rder. c. Drag Quantity nt the Clumns shelf after Sales t create ne rw with bars fr Sales, and anther rw with bars fr Quantity. d. Expand the Order flder in the Dimensin prtin f the Data pane and drag Order Date nt Clr n the Marks card. This will create stacked bar charts with ne clr per year. e. Click Dne in the tp tlbar, but dn t save a cpy f the updated wrkbk. f. Edit the same wrksheet again and ntice that yur changes were retained. Click Revert t return t the riginal chart frm the wrkbk. Click Dne. 3. Edit the Sales/Prfit Crrelatin by Subcategry chart. a. Replace Sub-Categry with Manufacturer n the Clr prtin f the Marks card. Ntice the results. b. Drag Sub-Categry ff the Filters shelf. Drag Order Date nt the Filters shelf. Pick varius date ranges with the slider. c. In the Marks card, chse Shape instead f Circle as the mark type. d. Click Shape n the Marks card and try varius shapes fr best visibility. e. Click Dne and dn t save changes. 4. Edit the Superstre Sales Dashbard. Ntice that nly ne wrksheet within the dashbard appears when yu edit. nt fr training use a. If it desn t appear by default, select the Sales/State Gegraphy sheet. 13

9 AblazeGrup.cm b. Right-click n the sheet tab and chse Duplicate Wrksheet. c. Duble-click n the new tab and name the sheet Sales by Clrad City. d. On the bttm f the Marks card, click the + sign n State t expand t the next level f the Lcatin hierarchy, City. e. In the Dimensins bx f the Data pane, expand the Lcatin hierarchy and drag State nt the Filters shelf. When the list f states appears n the right side f the chart, select Clrad. f. Hver ver State n the Filters shelf and click the drp-dwn arrw. Uncheck Shw Filter frm the cntext menu. g. Click Save As. Name the new wrkbk Cpy f Superstre Sales - <yur user ID>. Save in the Ablaze Training prject. Click Dne. nt fr training use 14

10 AblazeGrup.cm Basic Visual Analysis There are numerus ways t begin quick visual analysis in Tableau. The mst basic is simply dubleclicking n a desired dimensin r measure frm the Data pane. The rder in which yu duble-click determines the end result. Und/Red Duble-clicking a measure first, then a dimensin, creates a vertical bar chart. The measure is placed n the Rws shelf and the dimensin is placed n the Clumns shelf. The same result may be achieved by dragging a measure t Rws and a dimensin t Clumns. Duble-clicking a dimensin first, then a measure, creates a crss tab (similar t a spreadsheet). The dimensin is placed n the Rws shelf and the measure is placed n the Text prtin f the Marks card. The same result may be achieved by dragging a dimensin t Rws and a measure t Text n the Marks card. Back up r mve frward ne step. DO NOT click the back r frward buttns in yur brwser. Use Und and Red in the tlbar instead! Swap Swaps cntents f the Rws and Clumns shelves. Fr example, if the current chart is a vertical bar chart with a dimensin n Clumns and a measure n Rws, Swap will result in a hrizntal bar chart with the measure n Clumns and dimensin n Rws. View Size Autmatically size the chart t fill the screen, either vertically, hrizntally, r bth. nt fr training use 18

11 AblazeGrup.cm Saving and Sharing Cntent Save replaces existing wrkbk with updated cntents. Save As saves t a new wrkbk (this is the nly ptin the first time yu save a new wrkbk). Yu ll be given the pprtunity t chse a prject t save the wrkbk in. Revert abandns changes since the last time yu pened the wrkbk. Dne returns t the list f cntents that was visible befre yu edited r created the current wrkbk. Exprt Exprts the current chart/sheet t a variety f file frmats (either graphical r data). The results are dwnladed t yur brwser fr inclusin in ther applicatins, such as PwerPint r Excel, , r saving t a lcal r netwrk drive. Explre - Creating and Saving New Cntent 1. Using the Sample - Superstre - Ablaze Training data surce in the Ablaze Training prject, create a new wrkbk. 2. Analyze Sales by varius dimensins n the first sheet. a. Try different cmbinatins f the Sales measure and ne r mre ther dimensins. b. Lk at different results when using bth Rws and Clumns shelves. c. Srt results in lw-t-high, and high-t-lw rder by hvering ver the wrd Sales in the nt fr training use axis and clicking the srt icn several times. d. Try using different Marks card ptins and evaluate the results. e. Filter the wrksheet t shw data nly in the Suth and West regins. Make this a hardcded filter by hiding the filter checkbxes. f. Give the sheet a meaningful name. 3. Create a new sheet. Analyze hw prfit and sales crrelate t each ther with a Scatter Plt. 19

12 AblazeGrup.cm a. Place Sales n the Clumns shelf and Prfit n the Rws shelf. b. Drag a dimensin t Detail n the Marks card. Ntice the results. c. Either und and re-drag, r just drag the dimensin frm Detail t Clr n the Marks card. Ntice the results. d. Change the mark type t Shape (use the Marks card drpdwn). e. Drag Regin t Shape. Ntice the results. f. Size shape by the number f units sld (Quantity). D yu generally see a crrelatin between sales, prfit, and the number f units sld? g. Name the sheet Sales/Prfit Crrelatin. 4. Create at least tw ther sheets. Indulge yurself by explring the data and analyzing with varius dimensins and measures. 5. Create ne mre sheet that analyzes sales and prfit by year and quarter as a hrizntal bar chart. a. Srt by Sales, high-t-lw by quarter, within each year (ntice the + sign n Year). b. Create stacked bars, with the bars stacked/clred by Segment. c. Add an interactive filter n Categry. 6. Save the new wrkbk t the Ablaze Training prject with a name f yur chice, making sure yu include yur Tableau Server user ID as part f the wrkbk name. nt fr training use 20

13 AblazeGrup.cm Explre - Tableau Maps 1. Create a new wrksheet. Analyze Sales by State as a filled map. a. Clr states based n Sales. b. Label each state with the name f the state, and ttal sales. c. Use the navigatin tlbar t search fr specific state names. Zm int just a few states. Pan the map acrss the states. Use selectin tls t select just certain states. d. Return t the default full-cuntry view (if the hme buttn desn t wrk, just zm ut). e. Name the sheet apprpriately. nt fr training use 30

14 AblazeGrup.cm 2. Create a new wrksheet. Analyze Prfit and Prfit Rati by City as a symbl map. a. Size marks by Prfit. b. Clr marks by Prfit Rati. c. Change marks t appear as stars instead f circles. d. Add a State interactive filter that permits selectin f just ne state at a time frm a drp-dwn list. e. Select different states and ntice the results. f. Name the sheet apprpriately. g. Save the wrkbk back t Tableau Server with the same name. nt fr training use 31

15 AblazeGrup.cm Date Analysis Date dimensins (dented by a calendar icn) r date-time dimensins (dented by a calendar icn with a small clck n tp) prvide special analytical capabilities within Tableau. Navigating Date Hierarchies When yu initially drag a date dimensin t a chart, Tableau rlls up the date t its highest level (typically year, but smetimes smething else, depending n the scpe f the data surce). Click the + sign n the date t navigate ne level deeper in the hierarchy. Click the - sign t navigate back up the date hierarchy. In fact, when yu click the + sign, Tableau actually adds the date dimensin t the shelf r card again, at a different date level. S, this illustratin indicates that, initially, Tableau added Order Date t a shelf at the Year level. When + was clicked, Tableau added Order Date t the shelf again at the Quarter level. And anther + click added Order Date t the shelf a third time, at the Mnth level. This duplicatin f the date dimensin at different date levels permits sme very flexible date analysis. nt fr training use 32

16 AblazeGrup.cm Analyzing with Date Dimensins Date dimensins autmatically create line charts. This is a Tableau best practice, assuming that date data is best analyzed trended ver time. Anther mark type may be chsen frm the Marks card drp-dwn, if desired. After navigating dwn the date hierarchy, different date levels may be dragged t different shelves r cards t prduce varying date analyses very quickly. Date analysis is even faster if yu just change the default date level t any ther desired level frm the dimensin s cntext menu. There s n need t navigate dwn the date hierarchy and drag and drp t ther shelves r cards. nt fr training use 33

17 AblazeGrup.cm Explre - The Analytics Pane 1. Create a new blank sheet. 2. Analyze Prfit by Sub-Categry, within Categry, as a vertical bar chart. 3. Display a cnstant line fr the entire chart that indicates an verall prfit gal f $25, Add an average line that represents average prfit fr each categry. 5. Change the calculatin fr the average line within categry t Maximum. 6. Analyze the median, including a 95% cnfidence interval, fr each categry. 7. Cmpare the verall Office Supplies median against the median fr just Binders, Envelpes, Labels, and Paper. 8. Remve the previusly added $25,000 cnstant line. 9. Name the sheet Categry/Sub-Categry Median Prfit. nt fr training use 41

18 AblazeGrup.cm Using Calculated Fields and Table Calculatins While Tableau Server data cnnectins may already have custm calculatins added t them (lk fr fields preceded with the = sign), yu ll almst certainly need t custmize data beynd what is already prvided in the data cnnectin. This is accmplished with Calculated Fields. There are tw brad types f calculated fields: Ad-Hc calculated fields, and thse using The Calculatin Editr. Ad-Hc Versus The Calculatin Editr Ad-hc calculated fields are designed fr quick ne-time use (hence, the name). Duble-click n the Rws r Clumns shelf, r n the bttm f the Marks card, t create an ac-hc calculatin. Turn existing dimensins r measures int ad-hc calculatins by duble-clicking them. Edit existing ad-hc calculatins by duble-clicking them. nt fr training use TIP: If yu wish t re-use an ad-hc calculatin elsewhere in the current wrksheet, r in ther wrksheets in the wrkbk, drag it frm its riginal lcatin t the Data Pane. 43

19 AblazeGrup.cm The calculatin editr prvides a larger text area mre apprpriate fr mre cmplex, r multi-line calculated fields. And, the calculatin editr can ptinally present a list f built-in Tableau functins. Give the calculated field a meaningful name. Right-click n an existing dimensin r measure and select Create Calculated Field frm the cntext menu. If yu dn t want t use the field that yu right-clicked t create the calculatin, just highlight and delete it, r backspace it ut. Once yu click OK, Tableau will add the calculated field t the Data pane. The calculated field s data type determines whether it s added as a dimensin r measure. Edit an existing calculated field by right-clicking n it in the Data pane and chsing Edit. NOTE: Calculated Fields yu create in Tableau Server are nly available within the wrkbk where they are created. If yu wish t have a new calculated field appear in the underlying data cnnectin, the data cnnectin must be mdified with Tableau Desktp. Parts Of Calculated Fields The prcess f creating a calculated field is largely the same, whether creating an ad-hc calculatin, r using the calculatin editr. Yu may type the calculatin directly. As yu type, Tableau will aut-cmplete the calculatin. Use cursr keys t mve thrugh the list nt fr training use f suggested items. Press TAB t select the item. Drag dimensins and measures frm the Data pane int the calculated field. 44

20 AblazeGrup.cm Level-Of-Detail Expressins Perhaps ne f the mst anticipated, and least understd, new features f Tableau versin 9 is Levelf-Detail Expressins. Level-f-detail expressins (smetimes just referred t as LOD Expressins) are calculated field cnstructs that calculate aggregated results different frm the current chart s level f detail. LOD Expressins can even bypass chart filters when calculating values. A chart s level f detail is determined by the dimensin r dimensins used in the chart. This chart s level f detail is Regin, as that is the dimensin being used n the chart. Prfit is rlled up t the chart s level f detail. In this case, Prfit is summed (Tableau s default aggregatin functin) by Regin. Each bar represents sum f Prfit, by Regin. If the chart is filtered, aggregated measures are nly calculated within the filter, as well as the chart s level f detail. LOD expressins permit calculated fields t aggregate cmpletely separate frm the chart s level f detail. LOD expressins can als ignre filters. Using this chart as an example, it s pssible t cmpletely IGNORE the chart s level f detail, and any filters, with a FIXED LOD expressin: Anther example can exclude ne r mre dimensins frm the existing chart s level f detail, but still nt fr training use respect chart filters. Fr example, t calculate a value ignring the Regin dimensin, but still include any filters, an EXCLUDE LOD expressin may be used: 54

21 AblazeGrup.cm 13. Add the calculated field t the Filters shelf as a hard-cded filter. 14. Name the sheet Tp 15 Custmers. nt fr training use 67

22 AblazeGrup.cm Advanced Chart Techniques Measure Names And Measure Values Yu will ccasinally find chart requirements that require mre than ne measure t share the same place (same rw r clumn shelf where each measure desn t create a separate rw r clumn, same part f the Marks card, and s frth). This is accmplished by using Measure Names and Measure Values. While yu may be tempted t drag these frm the Dimensins and Measures prtin f the Data pane, it s best t let Tableau invke them autmatically by ther means. Crss-tabs, fr example, will autmatically invke Measure Names/Measure Values when yu dubleclick measures t add them t the crss-tab. Other charts enable them when yu use Shw Me. Measure Names - The Wrds Creates a new rw fr each measure (Prfit, Quantity, Sales) nt fr training use Measure Values - The Numbers Multiple measures appearing n text n the Marks card 68

23 AblazeGrup.cm Bx Plt 1. Create a new blank sheet. 2. Analyze Prfit by Sub-Categry. a. Ntice the pr prfit perfrmance fr Bkcases, Supplies, and Tables. The desire is t analyze where individual prducts within these clumns fall n the prfit scale. 3. Change mark type t Circle. 4. Drag Prduct Name t Detail n the Marks card. a. This creates individual circles fr each prduct Prfit sum within Sub-Categry. 5. Resize marks s circles are very small. 6. Frm the Analytics pane, drag a bx plt t the chart. Or, using Shw Me, select Bx Plt. 7. Name the sheet Bx Plt. Save the wrkbk t the server. nt fr training use 73

24 AblazeGrup.cm Paret Chart 1. Create a new blank sheet. 2. Drag Order Date t Clumns. 3. Drag Sales t Rws, fllwed by Prfit t Rws. a. A dual-rw line chart results. 4. Using Shw Me, select Dual Cmbinatin. 5. Drag Sub-Categry t Clumns. Drag Order Date ff Clumns. 6. Create a calculated field named Percent f Running Ttal t calculate a tw-pass table calculatin, calculating a running ttal first, and percent f ttal secnd: 7. Replace Prfit n Rws with the Percent f Running Ttal calculated field. 8. Re-rder the Rws shelf s that Sales appears first and Percent f Running ttal appears secnd. 9. Click the srt icn n the Sales axis t srt the chart in high-t-lw rder, by Sales. 10. Make multi-measure Marks card settings: a. Change the Sales mark type t Bar. b. Change the Percent f Running Ttal mark type t Line. c. If necessary, use the Marks card t display best-practice clrs. 11. Using the Analytics pane, drag a cnstant line t the Percent f Running Ttal axis. Set it t.8 (80%). 12. Name the sheet Paret Chart. nt fr training use 76

25 AblazeGrup.cm Waterfall Chart 1. Create a new blank sheet. 2. Analyze Prfit by Discrete Mnth f Order. 3. Create a hard-cded filter t include just Sub-Categry Tables and Cpiers. 4. Change mark type t Gantt Bar. 5. Change Prfit n Rws t display as a Running Ttal quick table calculatin. 6. Using either the Analytics pane, r Ttals tlbar buttn, shw Rw Grand Ttals. 7. Create a calculated field called Minus Prfit. a. The calculatin shuld simply negate Prfit (- Prfit). 8. Drag the Minus Prfit calculated field t Size n the Marks card. 9. Name the sheet Waterfall Chart. nt fr training use 77