Performance of Gangrel Hydroelectric Power Plant A Case Study

Transcription

1 Performance of Gangrel Hydroelectric Power Plant A Case Study Bhoumika Sahu 1, Sanjiv Kumar 2, Dhananjay Kumar Sahu 3,Brijesh patel 4,Kalpit P. Kaurase 5 1 M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur ( corresponding author ) 2 M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur 3 M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur 4 Asst. Prof. (Aeronautical Engineering) & Mats University, Raipur 5 Asst. Prof. (Aeronautical Engineering) & Mats University, Raipur ABSTRACT This paper covers a brief survey of one of the hydropower plant Gangrel hydro power plant. Information and an approach intended to help engineering and other plant personnel trouble shoot problems and diagnose the mode of failures are presented in these paper.the major part of the paper is devoted to discussing the annual performance of hydro power plant. Efficient power generation is expected to make more power available at a lower cost for economic and other activities, which in turn shall make the country more competitive. Increasing efforts and aspirations of the developing countries to come at par with the developed parts of the world in terms of socio-economic growth have resulted in increased energy demands. Keywords: Hydroelectric Power Plant, Kaplan Turbine, Efficiency, Hydraulic Machinery, Performance. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the cheapest forms of renewable energy is energy coming from water-the hydropower, conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.hydropower is a renewable, non polluting and environment friendly source of energy.it is perhaps the oldest technique of electricity generation. Hydropower generally may be divided into narrower categories depending of the capacity of power stations into large,small and micro hydro.hydropower seems to be ideal remedy for increasing demanded and prices.hydropower contributes around 22% of the world electricity supply generated. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT Hydroelectric power, the largest source of renewable electricity, allows the nation to avoid 200 million metric tons of carbon emissions each year. Although only a small portion of dams produce electricity, new generation equipment can be added to existing infrastructure to access vast reserves of untapped hydropower capacity. Currently, due to pollution generated by the conventional energy sources, the increase of renewable energy use is a global trend. Hydroelectric energy is the most used of the renewable energy types. HYDRO MACHINES Hydraulic turbine are the machines which convert the water energy into Mechanical energy.the water energy may be either in the form of potential energy as we find in dams,reservoirs,or in the form of kinetic energy in flowing water. The shaft of the turbine directly coupled to the electric generator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is known as Hydro Electric Power. The hydroelectric power plant provides 30% of the total power of the world. The total hydro potential of the world is about 5000 GW. [4] There are two different types of turbine in hydropower plants: reaction turbine (Francis, Kaplan) and Impulse turbines (pelton). The rotor of Francis and peloton turbines has fixed blades. The rotor of a Kaplan turbine has adjustable blades; the blades may change the tilt angles. This feature allows achievement of high efficiency in different conditions of the water flow. While functioning, Failures can occur due to high loads or the Fatigue Phenomenon (Lange,2001). Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015 Page 25

2 FIGURE 1: Components of Kaplan Turbine [2] 2.SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA In India the 1 st major hydroelectric development of 4.5 mw capacity named as Sivasamudram scheme in Mysore was commissioned in In 1914 a hydroelectric power plant named Khopoli project of 50 mw capacity was commissioned in Maharashtra. The hydropower capacity, up to 1947, was nearly 500 MW. [3] 2.1 STATUS OF HYDROPOWER SECTOR IN CHHATTISGARH The recent difficulties to supply the increasing demand for electrical energy bring about the many advantages of hydro generators. This has always been one of the cheapest ways to obtain energy. Water resources are renewable and cause no atmospherically pollution. Hydropower seems to be ideal remedy for increasing energy demand and prices. Unfortunately, it has significant limitations: accessibility and intermittency. In lowlands with big fluctuations of precipitation and available water, it becomes almost impossible to exploit this type of energy. From the other side, in the mountains, where heads are very big and water is accumulated in huge glaciers, hydropower can considerably contribute to electricity market. However, even in this case certain obstacles may occur. 3.A CASE STUDY OF A POWER PLANT 3.1 Hydroelectric Power Plant The Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Station (R.S.SAGAR DAM) is situated at Gangrel in left bank of Mahanadi which is about 13 km away from Dhamtari and 90 km from Raipur. The Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Station is designed and developed for Incidental Power Generation by irrigation release from Mahanadi Reservoir. FIGURE 2: Gangrel hydropower plant 3.2 TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHTS The total capacity of the plant is 10 MW, which consists of 4 units, each of 2.5 MW Capacity. The Turbine is M/s Alstom make vertical Full Kaplan with automatically adjustable guide vanes & runner blades with parameters Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015 Page 26

3 Table 1: Technical specification Rated output 2650 kw Rated speed Rated discharge Rated head Full reservoir level Mininmum draw down level 375 rpm m 3 /sec for single unit 18 meters meter meter 3.3 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS M/s VA-Tec make Generator Of following specification Generator transformer of capacity The power deliver to each unit 3.3 MVA 33 V M/s Crompton Greaves make Generator TRANSFORMER of following specification Rated output Generating voltge MVA 1.1. KV Figure 3: Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Plant 3.4 PERFORMANCE OF GANGREL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT IN YEAR A plant survey has been performed over the hydro power plant in which the details of the plant has been studied and found that the maintenance team of the plant are active as no such major breakdown has occur in the record of plant since it has installed. It has set an example on production of electricity as a profitable with renewable energy source. TABLE 2 : PERFORMANCE DETAILS OF PLANT Period of generation APRIL 2013-MARCH 2014 Highest post at plant ONE A.E. Power production 30X10 5 KWH Performance 94% Technical manpower deployed 15* Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015 Page 27

4 Figure 4 :Year wise Financial Performance(Approx) [1] Figure 5 : ANNUAL REPORT FOR (Approx) [1] 3.5PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION In water power stations the forces to be transferred to the foundations from the installed units are: resulting hydraulic forces from the inlet side of the turbines reaction and action forces from jets and jet deflectors respectively reaction forces from energy dissipaters torque forces from the generator stators axial forces from runners and generators via thrust bearings Table 3: Trouble Shooting [1] SR. NO. TROUBLE CAUSES 1 Less output a) Reduction in efficiency due to worn runner. b) Head available is less than net head required. c) Low water flow at the intake. d) Debris in turbine. e) Tail race obstruction f) Leakage 2 Vibrations a) Alignment and levels disturbed. b) Foundation bolts loose. c) Bearing damaged d) Uneven wearing of runner causing unbalance. e) Weak foundation. 3 Components wear off quickly a) Runner wears out soon due to high silt content in water. b) Bearings, bushes etc. wear out due to misalignment and improper levelling. 4 Over heating of bearings a) Lack of lubrication b) Inadequate or no water flow to bearing. c) Misalignment of shaft and it is brushing with bearing housing. 5 Heating of gland packing a) Inadequate water flow to carbon ring packing. b) Packings over tightened. Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015 Page 28

5 4 CONCLUSION The utilization of Hydro Power Potential is especially required in all states where the utilized potential is very low like in CG and therefore optimum utilization of the same may set up an stepping up stone for achieving self sufficiency in power sector in country. The work can be focused on the trouble shooting and increase of efficiency can be achieved which will be very useful for generation of power. A plant survey has been done to Gangrel Hydroelectric Power Plant and investigation has been done to enhance efficiency of vertical full Kaplan turbine of Hydro Power Plant. Based on analysis of available information from problem identification and research studies, scientific publication that has carried out for other Kaplan turbine, the methodology of enhancement of turbines efficiency gain is possible.[5] The following points must be considered with the presented model, aimed at improving the operation of the power generation system: Defining power plant operation to meet the electricity demand in a given time interval.the conclusion obtained from the above discussion is that we should increase the use of renewable energy sources and reduce the use of non-renewable resources. Existing renewable resources are well established and proven. It has been seen that available renewable energy resources are helping in the production of the other forms of energy that makes energy system stronger and economical. References [1] Operation Manual of Power plant..,operation and maintenance by Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board. [2] Vertical Kaplan Power Hydro Power Solution., Operation and Maintenance Manual.,Power Alstom [3] Mehra,T.S.,Alvi,N.I,Rajashekhar,A.,(2007). Performance Of Tawa Hydro Electric Power Plant A Case International Conference On Small Hydro Power-Hydro Srilanka,22-24,October,2007. [4] Chitkara Puneet, a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to Evaluation of Operational Inefficiencies in Power Generating Units: A Case Study of Study of Indian Power Plants, IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol.14, No.2, May1999 [5] T Sousa, J. A. Jardini, R. A. de Lima, In Proceedings of the IEEE Lausanne PowerTech Conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, Hydroelectric Power Plant Unit Efficiencies Evaluation and Unit Commitment, 2007, [6] J C Galvis, A. Padilha-Feltrin A, and J.Y.M. Loyo, Cost assessment of efficiency losses in hydroelectric plants. Electric Power Systems Research, 81, 2011, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015 Page 29