Ecology (Interdependence of Life) S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. biotic.

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1 Ecology (Interdependence of Life) S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. d. Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial. e. Describe the characteristics of Earth s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). Vocabulary Word Picture Clue biotic The LIVING parts of an ecosystem. abiotic The NONLIVING parts of an ecosystem. biosphere The part of the Earth where life exists. Includes ALL living things on Earth. organism Any living thing. species A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce FERTILE offspring. (Can have babies that can make more babies of their kind) biodiversity The different types of organisms in an area, genetic differences in one population, different species in a community, etc.

2 Unit One: Ecology Vocabulary Word Picture Clue population A group of members of the same species that live in the same geographical area and interbreed. community A group of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other. ecosystem A community of organisms and their abiotic environment (the living and nonliving things in an area) biomass Plant material, manure, or other organic matter used as fuel. herbivore An organism that eats plants. carnivore An organism that eats animals (includes insects). omnivore An organism that eats both plants and animals. producer (autotroph) An organism that can make organic molecules from inorganic molecules; an organism that makes its own food.

3 Vocabulary Word Picture Clue consumer (heterotroph) decomposer An organism that can not make its own food and must take it in by eating or absorbing it. An organism that feeds on organic matter by breaking down dead organisms. Examples are types of bacteria and fungi. prey An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism. predator An organism that kills and eats another organism. energy pyramid food web A triangular diagram that shows how energy moves through an ecosystem. The base is widest, because it has the most energy. The energy in each level decreases. A diagram that shows the relationship between organisms in an ecosystem. food chain The pattern of energy transfer through a series of organisms. photosynthesis The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria produce carbohydrates (sugar/glucose) from carbon dioxide and water using energy from the sun.

4 Unit One: Ecology Vocabulary Word Picture Clue respiration The process by which glucose (sugar) is converted into energy, carbon dioxide and water. biome A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain plant and animal communities. Taiga Evergreen, coniferous forest located near the arctic/subarctic regions. Savanna A plain full of grasses and scattered trees located in the subtropical and tropical regions usually dry areas like East Africa. Tropical Rainforest Typically located along the equator. These areas have warm, humid climates with heavy rains. Temperate (Deciduous) Forest Desert A forest that has trees that shed its leaves in the fall. A region that has little to no plant life, extreme temperatures, dry climate, usually in tropical regions. Tundra Found in Arctic or Antarctic; treeless plain that has a very cold winter and short, cool summers. The only greenery you will find: grasses, lichens and perennial herbs.

5 Vocabulary Word Picture Clue temperate rainforest temperate grassland a forest community (or biome), characterized by cool, humid weather and abundant rainfall, where tree branches are draped with mosses, tree trunks are covered with lichens, and the forest floor is covered with ferns a community (or biome) that is dominated by grasses, has few trees, and is characterized by cold winters and rainfall that is intermediate between that of a forest and a desert camouflage an animal's natural coloring or form that enables it to blend in with its surroundings mimicry A defense in which one organism resembles another that is either poisonous or dangerous. predation An interaction between two species in which one hunts and eats the other. symbiosis a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other mutualism A relationship between two organisms in which they both benefit. commensalism A relationship between two organisms in which one is helped and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

6 Vocabulary Word Picture Clue habitat the place where an organism usually lives niche estuary aquatic terrestrial Beneficial the unique position occupied by a species, both in terms of its physical use of its habitat and its function within an ecological community an area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean; the part of a river where the tides meet the river current Something relating to water; for example plants or animals that live in water are aquatic. Something relating to land; for example plants or animals that live on land are terrestrial. Something that helps or benefits another organism or the environment. For example, many insects are pollinators. harmful Learning Targets: 1. I can describe how humans fit into the larger world. Something that causes harm or damage to another organism or the environment. For example, when an insect stings you it can be harmful. 2. I can analyze and conclude how changes in climate affect living things in their environment. 3. I can explain how organisms and their environment linked together (interdependent). 4. I can examine the different types of relationships between organisms and describe how they are beneficial, harmful, or neither. 5. I can compare and contrast the characteristics of each biome. 6. I can compare and contrast terrestrial and aquatic biomes. 7. I can differentiate between biotic and abiotic factors and describe how they affect the survival of organisms in a biome.

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