Data Center Site Qualification Program. Detailed Site Prospectus

Transcription

1 Data Center Site Qualification Program Detailed Site Prospectus Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology Roanoke / Salem, Virginia January 2013

2 Table of Contents About This Report... 4 Executive Summary... 5 Chapter 1 - Overview... 9 Data Center Options & Layouts... 9 Variables... 9 Enterprise User Model Co-Location Model Other Considerations Data Center Modeling Summary Infrastructure Services Electrical Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure Gas Water Sewer Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk Man-Made Disaster Risk Fire and Rescue Services Police and Crime Index Public Transportation Specific Mission Critical Support

3 Demographic Benchmark Results Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis Natural Disaster Risk Details Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Public Transportation Chapter 6 Demographic Details Background Demographic Details

4 About This Report This feasibility report was prepared in conjunction with American Electric Power s (AEP s) Data Center Site Qualification Program. The program s objective is the proactive identification and analysis of sites that offer the unique combination of factors desired by today s mission critical and data center operations. These factors include highly reliable and redundant power and fiber infrastructures, competitive cost structures, and a location insulated from manmade and natural risks. Biggins Lacy Shapiro & Co., a location economics and site selection firm, has served as lead consultant for the program, together with its affiliated energy services company, Sugarloaf Associates. Engineering and site evaluation services were provided by Intelligent Building Solutions, LLC (IBS), a facilities consulting firm focusing on mission critical projects. This report was written by IBS using a culmination of their independent analysis of the Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology in Salem, VA (RCCRT) and its suitability for a mission critical facility. The review process included an initial site survey and an in-depth review of supporting documents to ascertain the feasibility to support a test model mission critical facility with 100,000 square feet of raised floor (computer room) designed to current industry specifications for power usage and redundancy. 4

5 Executive Summary This report examined the potential for mission critical development at the Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology in the Salem, VA area (RCCRT). The site is a newly developed 483-acre technology park located approximately 20 miles southwest of downtown Roanoke, directly adjacent to Exit 132 of Interstate 81. The analysis demonstrates excellent potential for data center development, earning the site a 7 rating out of a possible 10. The site s orientation is favorable for data center development, and it offers strong utility infrastructure. Logistically, the Salem area offers a temperate climate and a low susceptibility to natural and man-made disasters, although the location s proximity to metropolitan cities and public transportation options could be a concern for some risk-adverse users. The site s location is appropriate for a stand-alone enterprise user or a colocation facility, and the site will physically accommodate either. For purposes of this analysis, the site was designed with 100,000 square feet of raised floor, also known as white space. Graphic 1.1 and 1.2 are maps showing RCCRT in relation to the state of Virginia, Roanoke and Salem, Virginia. 5

6 Washington D.C. 253 miles RCCRT Richmond, VA 195 Miles Graphic 1.3 Map showing RCCRT relationship to major data center market hubs Graphic 1.4 Map showing lot layout for RCCRT 6

7 SITE ATTRIBUTES Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology A. General Information Location Type of Site Size Salem, Virginia Area Technology Park acres (5 lots available) B. Electric Infrastructure Existing Service Voltage MCF Service Voltage Proposed In-Service Date Design Load Capacity Notes C. Fiber Infrastructure Providers in Vicinity High Bandwidth (Distance from Site) kv 138 kv months from signed customer letter of intent Service in excess of 20MW ½ mile of right-of-way remains to be secured to bring line to site AT&T, Verizon, Cox Communications Approx. 1.5 miles D. Other Utilities Natural Gas Service 4, 40 PSI Natural Gas Provider Roanoke Gas Company Water 12, 82 PSI Available Water Capacity 3 MGD for RCCRT as whole Water Provider Western Virginia Water Authority Sewer 8 Sewer Provider Western Virginia Water Authority Available Sewer Capacity 1 MGD for RCCRT as whole E. Natural Disaster Risk Seismic Rating Low (See Chapter 5) Tornado Rating Low (See Chapter 5) F. Man-Made Disaster Risk Low susceptibility to man-made disasters. Only three areas of concern have been noted within the report. Forest Fire Low concern of occurrence Traffic Accident on Local Highways Concern in regards to site access Rail Line Accident Low concern of occurrence and impact 7

8 LOCATION EVALUATION Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology OVERALL RATING 7 OUT OF 10 A. Location (Rating of 4 out of 10) a. Proximity to Major Highways Favorable b. Proximity to Public Transportation Mixed Unfavorable c. Distance to Metropolitan Cities (<40 Miles) Unfavorable d. Proximity to Major Financial Market Hubs (< 75 fiber km) Unfavorable e. Proximity to NYC 458 miles B. Available Utility Resources (Rating of 7 out of 10) a. High Voltage Electrical Services Favorable Mixed b. Water Favorable c. Natural Gas Favorable d. Fiber Connectivity Favorable C. Site Logistics/Security (Rating 7 out of 10) a. Proximity to Adjoining Buildings/Property Favorable b. Ability to Fence/Secure Property Very Favorable c. Susceptibility to Natural Disasters Favorable-Mixed d. Susceptibility to Man-Made Disasters Favorable e. Distance from Building Structure to Street Favorable f. Distance from Building Structure to Railroads Favorable g. Access to Public Transportation Mixed h. Access to Service Vendors (1 hour response time) Mixed Favorable i. Access to Fuel Favorable j. Weather Favorable k. Air Quality Favorable D. Property (Rating 10 out of 10) a. Available Yard Space for Mission Critical Facility Equip. Very Favorable b. Paved Surfaces/Parking Very Favorable c. Provisions for Future Expansion Very Favorable E. Area Demographics (Rating of 7 out of 10) a. Population Density Favorable b. Workforce and Talent Pool Mixed c. Housing Favorable d. Employment and Income Statistics Favorable e. Local Government and Services Favorable f. School District and Higher Education Favorable Very Favorable (7-10) Favorable (5-7) Mixed (3-5) Unfavorable (1-3) 8

9 Chapter 1 - Overview Data Center Options & Layouts For illustrative and analytical purposes, a feasibility test was conducted to assess and model the site s capacity to accommodate a prototypical data center with these attributes: Total building size - approximately 188,122 gross square feet (GSF) Building dimensions by Tilt-up construction with pre-cast concrete walls Slab to beam clear height - 36 Column spacing - 52 on center longitudinally by 50 laterally Two analyses were performed to maximize the building s white space yield: 1. Enterprise model - In an enterprise model, the objective is to achieve the most amount of power with the highest redundancy. 2. Co-location model - In a co-location model, the objective is to get the most amount of white space at moderate densities. Redundancy is a secondary function. The layouts illustrated are diagrammatic and are used for graphical representation to show the inherent differences between the enterprise and colocation scenarios. They are not intended to be precise representations. For example, the layouts do not take into account egress and minor inefficient space. However, they do demonstrate a fairly accurate estimate for potential yields and, experience has shown, are accurate to within five percent. Variables A number of variables have been factored into the feasibility analysis. Explanations of the key variables follow, while the assumptions used by the models are documented later in this section and Chapter 3. Density - the amount of power (expressed in watts) used per square foot. Density is calculated by configuring a cabinet layout/count and multiplying it by the cabinet load then dividing by the amount of white space. Cabinet Load - the amount of power used by the equipment (servers, storage arrays, or communication equipment) contained in a given cabinet. Cabinet load is typically calculated using a weighted average. Today s cabinet average loads run between 2.5 to 7 watts per cabinet. 9

10 Critical Load (also called IT Load) - The amount of power needed to operate the computing equipment. The total critical load is used to calculate the mechanical requirements, or essential load. Redundancy - System redundancy is expressed in Tier levels: Tier I - No redundancy on the critical (IT) load or the essential load. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is sized for the IT load (N load). There is no redundancy in the mechanical plant. The emergency power system (EPS) -- i.e., the generator -- is sized for the IT and mechanical loads. This system is % reliable, with hours (1, minutes) of expected downtime per year. Tier II - N+1 redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. Single generator EPS plant for full critical and essential load % reliable, with hours ( minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier III - 2N redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. 2N redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with 1.57 hours (94.68 minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier IV - 2N+1 redundancy on the critical load, 2N redundancy on the essential load. 2N+1 redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with minutes expected downtime per year. There are several variations that can be applied to these tiers. Financial services facilities are most often modeled with Tier III redundancies. Co-location models are usually based somewhere between Tier I plus and Tier II plus. Enterprise User Model As mentioned, the first model used by this analysis was based on a design for a typical enterprise end user. 2N resiliency was assumed throughout the design for critical and essential loads. Models were based on 100W, 120W and 150W per square foot of white space. These variables were then used to calculate the parameters for a sweet spot design. There are two options for the placement of equipment: 1. Contain the majority of the mission critical equipment within the facility. 2. Place the large mission critical equipment, such as generators and the mechanical plant, outside of the building envelope. In both versions, the best design parameters were at 125W per square foot with 2N resiliency. The indoor option yielded approximately 75,000 square feet of white space 10

11 and the outdoor option yielded approximately 100,000 square feet. The total calculated electrical load was 16,615 kw for the indoor option and 23,171 kw for the outdoor option. (Calculations did not take into account inefficient space and support space such as offices. However, calculations for equipment spacing and rack layouts are rather conservative. Estimates are believed to be within +/- 5%.) Co-Location Model The co-location model assumes multiple data halls at approximately 9,900 square feet of white space. The model is based on N+ 1 redundancy on critical loads and N+ 1 redundancy on essential loads. Major mission critical equipment is placed outside of the building envelope. Results of the analysis indicate ten data halls plus additional space for back-of-house program and administrative offices can be arranged to fit inside the current spec build program. This data hall model will result in approximately 18,000 kw of total electrical load. Mission Critical Equipment 109,340 GSF 75,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.5 Enterprise Solution 1 75,000 GSF white space - 109,340 GSF mission critical equipment 11

12 Mission Critical Equipment Outdoor Space 64,658 GSF Mission Critical Equipment 86,240 GSF 100,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.6 Enterprise Solution 2 100,000 GSF white space - 86,240 GSF mission critical equipment 64,658 GSF reserved for outdoor equipment space Mission Critical Equipment Yard 10ea Co-location Data Halls Approx. 9,900 GSF White Space Each. 99,000 GSF White Space Total. Graphic 1.7 Co-location model with 10ea data halls approx. 9,900 GSF white space each. 99,000 GSF white space total. Program includes provisions for mission critical equipment inside and mission critical equipment yard outside. Item Enterprise Indoor Option Enterprise Outdoor Option Co-Location Model Total White Space (SF) 75, ,000 99,000 Total IT Load (kw) 10,395 14,850 10,968 Total N Mechanical 3,740 5,005 3,920 Plant (Tons Cooling) Total Electrical Load 16,615 23,171 17,487 (kw) Redundancy Criteria 2N 2N 2N Table 1.3 Data center design options 12

13 Other Considerations Several scenarios and types of mission critical facilities were analyzed in an attempt to maximize the site s fullest potential and greatest raised floor (white space) yield. Note, however, that the three biggest upfront hurdles/costs associated with data center development are: 1. The electrical service delivery, 2. The Fat Pipe fiber delivery, and 3. Planning permission for the required specialty equipment. These items must be taken into consideration and incorporated into the site s pro forma. Free Cooling Although not considered in the modeling, the weather, climate and air quality in the Roanoke area are conducive to the possibility of using free cooling for a Mission Critical facility. Temperatures and climate are rather mild. The Roanoke area s Air Quality Index (as given by the U.S. EPA) is 38 (Good), slightly better than the national average of 40. (Lower numbers indicate less pollution.) Chapter 2 includes additional details. Co-Generation It is estimated that a mission critical facility designed at 100W per square foot would require an electrical service in excess of 20 mw. Co-generation is an entirely plausible alternative for power and cooling at this location. A Combined Heat and Power cogeneration system (CHP) could be an alternative technology to augment the power requirements for the development. In a CHP system, electricity is generated by a primary fuel source such as oil, natural gas, methane, refuse, pellets, etc. The byproduct of this process is heat. The exhaust heat is captured through a series of heat exchangers which can be used to produce steam, hot water, or the hot gas which can be used directly for cooling. A combination of all three can also be incorporated where portions of the waste heat are directed to manufacture multiple byproducts for different applications. The characteristics of this site would allow for co-generation. 13

14 Graphic 1.8 Isometric view of data center on site Graphic 1.9 Rendering of data center at RCCRT 14

15 Graphic 1.10 Secondary rendering of data center at RCCRT Graphic 1.11 Cut away view of data center 15

16 Graphic 1.12 Cut away rendering of data center Graphic 1.13 Aerial view of data center 16

17 Graphic 1.14 Cut sections of data center Data Center Modeling Summary Ultimately, the initial modeling estimates for the RCCRT location project a potential 75,000 SF to 100,000 SF white space build-out. The major upfront cost and shell provisions that must be incorporated into either an enterprise or co-location model are: A. Electrical Service i. Initial utility cost and time of delivery ii. Cost of the 138 kv switchgear and substations iii. Operational cost 1. Maintenance 2. Utility usage rates B. Fiber Provisions i. Cost of the future point of presence (POP) room ii. Empty raceways and points of entry (POE) iii. Service providers C. Master Plan Provisions i. Future provisions for multiple data center development ii. Empty raceways iii. Support space iv. Additional building hardening required for mission critical development See Chapter 3 for design calculations. 17

18 Infrastructure Services Electrical Currently there is an existing 12.47kV, three phase underground primary service that distributes along the main road of the park. The two companies that reside in the park utilize this circuit. This circuit originates at the Kumis Substation which is approximately 2.1 circuit miles away. Typically, a circuit such as the one delivered to the RCCRT is limited to between 5 to 6 mw (Megawatts) in capacity. The limiting factor for capacity is distance from the substation and the size and type of the incoming feeders. The electrical transmission lines that run through the RCCRT are 765kV lines. These lines are not available for service to the RCCRT. Appalachian Power, the local electric utility, can deliver a single contingency or dual circuit 138kV service to the RCCRT. The dual circuit 138kV service can be fed from two diverse substations, the Kumis and Cloverdale substations. Graphic 1.15 Map of AEP s transmission network 18

19 Graphic 1.16 Map of AEP s transmission network Graphic 1.17 Close up of AEP s transmission network 19

20 Graphic 1.18 Map showing substation locations Graphic mile radius map showing substation locations 20

21 Graphic 1.20 Diagram of proposed AEP primary utility service Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure There are several long haul fiber carriers within close proximity to the Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology. These carriers would be able to provide adequate bandwidth to satisfy the communications requirements of a data center or other mission critical facility. The general corridor for fiber runs along State Route 11. The route connects Washington DC to Charlotte, NC and northwesterly destinations such as Columbus, OH. Major points of presence (POPs) are located in downtown Roanoke (626 2 nd St. NW) and Bluefield, WV (704 Bland St.) The RCCRT lies approximately in between these two POPs. Other major communication POPs / regeneration facilities are located at 810 South Craig Avenue in Salem. The build-out for new fiber infrastructure for the RCCRT is within a mile and a half and would be a relatively straight forward project. There should be no major obstacles in delivering high bandwidth fiber infrastructure to the RCCRT. Fiber infrastructure would 21

22 have to be run aerially to the beginning of Glenmary Dr. From there, fiber services can be run subterranean or aerially to the site. In and out diverse pathways may present a challenge at this site due to the limitation of the single roadway into the technology park. Fiber maps and searches indicate several long haul providers and mid-tier fiber providers within close proximity to the RCCRT. In addition, there might be a host of lower tier fiber providers in the area. These lower tier providers usually lease or have agreements with the major fiber carriers. A site survey was performed to identify fiber infrastructure in and around the RCCRT. AT&T, Verizon Business, and Cox Communications have fiber infrastructure within the RCCRT and general vicinity. See Chapter 4 for additional information. 810 South Craig Ave. Fiber Regen / POP Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology nd St. NW POP 2121 Gardner St Customer with Fiber Connectivity Graphic 1.21 Map showing POP and Regeneration sites 22

23 Graphic 1.22 Fiber map of area 23

24 Photo 1.1 Mark outs showing fiber Photo 1.2 Fiber manhole (COX Com.) Photo 1.3 View of aerial distribution Photo 1.4 Close up of fiber loop Photo 1.5 and 1.6 Show aerial transition to subterranean 24

25 Gas Roanoke Gas Company is the natural gas provider at the RCCRT. Currently a 4 high pressure gas line (40 PSI) serves the technology park. This service is adequate for back-of-house heating and hot water; however, a larger service would be required for emergency power generation and/or cogeneration. Water Water service is provided by the Western Virginia Water Authority. The main source of water serving the RCCRT and the surrounding area is the Spring Hollow Reservoir and Treatment Facility. The Reservoir is fed from the Roanoke River and has a capacity of 3.2 billion gallons. In addition, the water system is interconnected between four additional treatment facilities. The Spring Hollow Treatment Facility can treat 18 million gallons of water a day and can be expanded to treat 36 million gallons of water per day. Current average use within the network is 5.1 million gallons of water per day. The RCCRT is fed via a 12 water main at a static pressure of 82 PSI. The water usage capacity for the RCCRT is 3 million gallons per day. Sewer Wastewater and sewer service is provided by the Western Virginia Water Authority. An 8-inch sewer main serves the RCCRT. Wastewater is treated at the Roanoke Water Pollution Control Plant. This plant is permitted to treat 55 million gallons of wastewater per day with the ability to treat a peak day capacity of 90 million gallons. The system treats an average of 37 million gallons of wastewater per day. Currently, the RCCRT can discharge 1 million gallons of wastewater per day. 25

26 Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk This site has a rather low exposure to natural disasters that could affect the continuous operation of a mission critical facility. However, data center operators must also consider the potential for natural disasters to impact aerial distribution infrastructure and modes of transportation. Seismic The area of Glenvar and the city of Salem have a 0.17 index rating for earthquakes. This information is from algorithms calculated by the USGS. The U.S. average, in comparison, is 1.8, and the state of Virginia has a rating of 0.2. The City of Roanoke has a slightly elevated index rating of 1.09 due to the population density and the density of structures susceptible to damage. This rating is very low and acceptable to the placement of a mission critical facility. Recent seismic activity was recorded on May 16, 2009 in the southwestern section of Roanoke County, with a magnitude of 3.0 on the Richter Scale. Largest Seismic Events within 50-Mile Radius of Site Over Past 50 Years Magnitude (Richter Scale) Distance from Site Date miles November 20, miles March 8, miles May 30, 1974 Table 1.4 Seismic events See Chapter 5 for additional information. Tornados The area of Glenvar and the city of Salem have an average tornado index rating of 37.95, compared with a U.S. average of and for the state of Virginia. These ratings are from algorithms calculated by the USGS. Compared to the rest of the country, this site has a very low risk of tornado activity. Within the statistical data set of a 50-year period within a 50-mile radius of the site, there have been a total of 17 tornado events, all with a magnitude rating of 2 on the Fujita scale. 26

27 The closest tornado event occurred 8.5 miles away in Roanoke County on April 4, The storm caused an estimated $2.5 million worth of damage across an area of approximately 6.5 miles. The most recent record of tornado activity occurred September 9, This event happened in Bedford County approximately 19.2 miles away. There was minimal damage recorded in this tornado incident. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Flooding According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency s (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), the site area and the surrounding thoroughfares are not in the 1% flood zone (100-year flood). Graphic 1.23 FEMA s FIRM map showing RCCRT not in 1% annual flood zone (100 flood event) Extreme Weather Events Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest 27

28 concern. Based on the evaluation of the site in regards to these risks, the site is not susceptible to such extreme weather events. See Chapter 5 for a more detailed listing of the history of extreme weather events in the Roanoke area. Man-Made Disaster Risk RCCRT s susceptibility to man-made disasters is relatively low. The only areas of concern discovered during this review are discussed in the following sections. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Superfund Sites Superfund Sites is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) environmental program for addressing abandoned hazardous waste sites. A search on the EPA s database for superfund sites within the state of Virginia resulted in two sites within Salem and four sites within Roanoke County. The sites are as follows: EPA Superfund Site Database for the Roanoke Area Site Name EPA ID NPL Status City County Proximity in Relation to RCCRT Old Salem Tannery Roanoke Drum Recycling Starlight Lane Tire Fire Virginia Scrap iron and Metal Dixie Caverns Land Fill Mathews Electroplating VAD Non Salem Salem 5.5 Miles VA Non Roanoke Roanoke Miles VAN Non Roanoke Roanoke Miles VA Non Roanoke Roanoke 9.92 Miles VAD Deleted Salem Salem.57 Miles VAD Deleted Roanoke Roanoke.89 Miles *Source EPA Database Table 1.5 EPA Superfund site database for Roanoke Area 28

29 Graphic 1.24 Map of EPA Superfund sites The two immediate superfund sites closest to the RCCRT have been deleted from the National Priorities List of most hazardous waste sites and pose no health or safety hazards. The Dixie Caverns Land Fill was removed from the list in 2001 and Mathews Electroplating was deleted from the list in The other sites on the list pose no health or hazard risk to the RCCRT. 29

30 Neighboring Activities A search on the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Facility Registration System (FRS) database listed several facilities in the immediate area that currently -- or have previously -- housed, stored, or manufactured substances that may be hazardous to health or affect the environment. These facilities could pose a low to moderate risk to a data center at the site. Graphic 1.25 Sites with potential toxins Graphic 1.26 Sites with potential substances that could adversely affect air quality Graphic 1.27 Sites with potential elements that could have health or environmental risks Graphic 1.28 Sites that could have potential hazardous chemicals An immediate man-made risk to a data center at the RCCRT could stem from an industrial accident at neighboring businesses. Two companies within the technology park are listed on the EPA database for several environmental interest types -- Tecton Products Ltd., is a manufacturer of plastic and vinyl pulltrusions, and Novozymes Biologicals, Inc,, a producer of industrial enzymes, microorganisms, and biopolymers. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Although the risk is low, an industrial accident or fire at either one of these facilities could have a negative impact to the continuous operation of a mission critical facility. 30

31 Other Man-Made Risks Additional man-made risks that could potentially impact the continuous operation of a data center are: A) Forest fire in the neighboring wooded areas -- The large forested area directly north of the RCCRT could potentially be a risk in the event of a large forest fire, either man-made or by natural causes. There are no recent records of such forest fires in the general vicinity, however, and the state, as a whole, has a low frequency for such occurrences. B) Major traffic accident on Rt. 81 or State Route A large accident on either of the main thoroughfares could potentially impact the continuous operation of a facility at the RCCRT. The effects of such an event could range from not being able to access the site because of extended road closures, to a power or communications disruption due to a vehicle collision with a telephone pole. C) A rail accident along the Norfolk Southern line -- At its closest juncture, the RCCRT is roughly a half a mile away from a major rail line. The rail line is buffered from the RCCRT by Interstate 81 and Rt. 11. Additionally, the RCCRT is higher in elevation from the rail line. Even though the rail line is reasonably close to the RCCRT, the risk of interrupted operation by a rail incident is very low. Fire and Rescue Services There are 14 fire and/or rescue stations within Roanoke County. Roanoke County has 142 full-time, paid firemen and 12 part-time, paid firemen. This does not include the 14 full-time, paid clerical and support staff and 3 part-time, paid employees. Roanoke County Fire Station #9 is approximately 2 miles from the RCCRT. The next closest fire department or rescue squad is in neighboring Salem, approximately 5 miles away. Salem has 3 fire stations and/or rescue stations. Salem has 64 full-time, paid firemen and 13 part-time, paid firemen. This does not include 2 full-time, paid clerical and support staff employees. The next closest fire station and/or rescue station in Roanoke County is Fire/Rescue Station #3 in Cave Springs. 31

32 Graphic 1.29 Map of fire and rescue resources Police and Crime Index There are 119 full-time, paid police officers and 1 part-time, paid police officer in Roanoke County. This is augmented by 14 paid, full-time and 3 paid, part-time support staff. In the city of Salem, there are 119 full-time police officers and 1 part-time police officer, augmented by 55 paid, full-time and 2 part-time, paid support staff. Based on a set of complex algorithms calculated by the FBI, Salem, VA s Crime Index Rating is 1, This is compared to the State of Virginia s Crime Index Rating of 1, Both the city of Salem and the State Crime Index Rating are below the U.S. national Crime Index Rating of 1, Historically, the city of Salem s Crime Index Rating has been substantially below the national and state average. Furthermore, the crime rate for the area around the RCCRT is even substantially lower than the city of Salem. Public Transportation In general, public transportation to the site is limited. This may have a bearing on business continuity due to access for employees and the service vendors needed to maintain a mission critical facility. 32

33 The nearest airport is in Roanoke and is approximately a 25-minute drive. There is service from the airport to the major cities including; Charlotte, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Atlanta, Washington D.C. and New York. Rail service is very limited in that the nearest station with service to Washington D.C. or New York is at least 50 miles away in Clifton Forge, VA. The next closest Amtrak station is in Lynchburg where a trip to Washington D.C. would take 4 hours. As far as public transportation within and around the immediate area is concerned, The Valley Metro Bus Service is present. It offers bus service throughout the City of Roanoke and the city of Salem. The yellow line or Route 91 bus offers service closest to the RCCRT. This route can be accessed via connecting routes, the black 71 / 72 and 75 / 76 routes, and the pink 81 / 82 routes, at Campbell Court (the center of the city of Roanoke). The Valley Metro Smart Way Commuter Bus provides bus service from Campbell Court in downtown Roanoke to downtown Blacksburg. The service runs hourly between 5:15 AM until 8:20 PM. Service between Roanoke Regional Airport and the Glennmary Interchange (Exit 132 on I81) takes approximately 1 hour. Greyhound runs regular bus service to Washington, DC. The route travels via Lynchburg, VA. See Chapter 5 for additional information. 33

34 Specific Mission Critical Support Normally, mission critical facilities require a 4-hour response time for support services. Since there is a concentration of mission critical facilities in Ashburn, VA, which is only approximately 3.5 hours from the Salem area, the vendors that provide support services are within a 4-hour radius. Spare parts and equipment stock are readily available, which is a key component when locating a mission critical facility. The following list of companies and services is intended only to illustrate their proximity to the proposed site and should not be interpreted as an endorsement. Fuel Oil Delivery Companies Webbs Oil Corp Pumping systems are backed up by generators 8223 Resevoir Rd, Roanoke, VA Great Lakes Petroleum pulls supply direct from pipeline. Have multiple sources and locations nationally Roanoke, VA Mechanical Contractors Comfort Systems USA 106 St.John Rd., Salem, VA TLI Construction Services 4190 W. Main St., Salem, VA G.J. Hopkins, INC th St., Roanoke, VA Electrical Contractors IES 2708 Shenandoah Avenue Northwest Roanoke, VA Davis H Elliot Company, INC. 21 Kirk Ave, Roanoke, VA Varney, INC Shenandoah Ave, Roanoke, VA 34

35 Generator Providers Carter Machinery Company, INC (Caterpillar) 971 Russell Dr, Salem, VA Cummins Atlantic LLC (Cummins) 263 Simmons Dr., Cloverdale, VA WBD Western Branch Diesel (MTU Detroit Diesel) 4546 Thirlane Road Northwest, Roanoke, VA HVAC Providers Trane 2301 Trane Drive, Roanoke, VA L.A. Prillaman Company, INC (Baltimore Air Coil) Ashland, VA South River Contracting of Roanoke (York) 5130 Hildebrand Rd, Roanoke, VA Critical Equipment Emerson (Liebert) Dimension Data (Solutions Provider) Roanoke, VA VA Sales Office (Sales Rep) 3897 Deep Rock Rd., Richmond, VA Eaton Corp 145 Campbell Avenue Southwest, Roanoke, VA Stulz Lee Technologies, INC (Sales Rep) Innisbrook, Corp. Ctr., 4510 Cox Rd, Glen Allen, VA Schneider Electric (APC) Lee Technologies, INC (Reseller) Monument Dr., Fairfax, VA 35

36 Demographic Benchmark Results Typically, the reference area used in the benchmarking analysis is the site s host community. However, when circumstances dictate, as is the case for RCCRT, the methodology must be adapted in order to most accurately capture the attributes of the surrounding area. For purposes of this analysis, blended totals for three areas were used: 1) Glenvar, the nearest community, a small community with limited available statistical information; 2) Salem, the dominant community in the area surrounding RCCRT but outside the Roanoke County limits and to the northeast of the site; and 3) Roanoke County, as the site actually sits in an unincorporated area of the county. Statistics from any one of these divisions would fail to capture important elements of the region surrounding RCCRT, but taken together, they present a valid characterization of the surrounding demographics. Generally speaking, data centers tend to locate in areas with a high concentration of working couples without children, a strong economy and a vast talent pool. In almost all categories, the area surrounding RCCRT was found to have similar, or more advantageous, indicators. The following table highlights some of the characteristics considered. Note: Deviations from the benchmark are not necessarily an indication that the area is unable to support a data center, nor is alignment with the benchmark a guarantee of success. Rather, the benchmarking exercise is intended to serve as a guide in understanding how the RCCRT site differs from other data center locations. These differences may or may not be relevant depending on the labor needs of the potential user. Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. See Chapter 6 for additional information regarding the Salem area demographics. 36

37 Select Demographic Benchmarks Characteristic Benchmark Average Roanoke County, Glenvar and Salem Combined Average population 70,321 41,232 Average density (people per square mile) 3, Population growth rate 5.10% 4.02% Percentage female/male 48.94%/51.06% 57.56%/42.44% Average median income $46,915 $24,963 Male $58,744 $29,083 Female $39,507 $19,890 Median age Racial diversity (non-white population) 42.73% 9% Place of birth In-state 47.46% 66.05% Out-of-state 28.83% 28.59% Foreign country 24.21% 4.85% Primary language spoken at home English 64.23% 92.14% Other (includes Spanish, Indo % 7.86% European, Asian and Pacific Islander languages and Other) Average household size Marital status Currently married (over age 15) 55% 41.44% Never married (over age 15) 31% 18.21% Housing Owner occupied 62.34% 57.06% Current mortgage 81.65% 58.54% Median value, owner occupied $412,375 $163,166 Rental as percentage of total units 33.69% 36.25% Average rental price $1,000-$1,499 $700-$999 Population below poverty level 7.25% 10.53% Student to teacher ratio 16:1 19:1 Table 1.6 Demographics comparison By using the benchmark data set and comparing it to the RCCRT location, certain factors stand out that should be noted. The Salem area has a lower population density and an older community with a lower income level when compared with the benchmark data. Diversity within the Salem area is quite low with 92.14% of the population being white compared to 64.23% of the population being white within the benchmark data. 37

38 Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather 38

39 Site Location Roanoke County Center for Research and Technology is located in an unincorporated area just outside of the city limits of Salem, VA approximately 19 miles southwest of downtown Roanoke, VA. The nearest neighboring cities are Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and Radford, ranging in distance from 15 to 25 miles southwest along Interstate 81 in neighboring Montgomery County. Logistically, the RCCRT is located close to the center of the state of Virginia. It is fairly close to the border of West Virginia. The closest major metropolitan hub is Greensboro, NC which is approximately 117 miles away. Ashburn, VA, which is a major hub for data centers and telecommunications, is approximately 220 miles away. Charlotte, NC, which is another hub for data centers and telecommunications, is approximately 182 miles away. The RCCRT is almost directly equidistant between the two cities. The RCCRT is approximately 458 miles away from NYC and the major financial hubs. City Distance (Miles) Atlanta, GA 420 Baltimore, MD 284 Charlotte, NC 182 Columbia, SC 272 Columbus, OH 374 Greensboro, NC 118 Knoxville, TN 242 Raleigh, NC 237 Richmond, VA 195 Washington, DC 253 Table 1.7 Distances to Major Cities from the RCCRT Graphic 1.30 and 1.31 Maps showing RCCRT in relation to state and the cities of Salem and Roanoke 39

40 RCCRT Graphic 1.32 Map showing location of RCCRT RCCRT Graphic 1.33 Aerial map view of RCCRT 40

41 Photo 1.7 View of Interstate 81 Current Utilization Of the 483 acres within the technology park, approximately 182 acres is currently an undeveloped wooded area. The remaining 246 acres are divided between seven planned lots and buffer zones. The lots vary in size between 26 acres and 57 acres. Graphic 1.4 Map showing lot layout for RCCRT 41

42 Two of the seven lots are developed and have operating facilities: Tecton, a manufacturer of custom fiberglass pulltrusions, and Novozymes Biologicals, a producer of industrial enzymes, microorganisms, and biopolymers. The two developed sites are approximately 26 acres. The remaining five lots are divided as follows: Lot Area (Acres) Lot #1 57 Lot #2 26 Lot #3 27 Lot #4 45 Lot #5 56 Total sites currently available 211 Table 1.8 RCCRT lot areas In addition to large site parcels within RCCRT, there is a utility right-of-way that traverses north and south through the park dissecting it in half. Surrounding Uses The technology park is bordered by two small residential developments. To the east is Glenvar Heights and to the west is a small, unnamed development. A vast wooded area lies north of the site, extending into the Blue Ridge Mountains, specifically Ft. Lewis Mountain. This area is mainly uninhabited. The next northerly neighboring feature to the park is County Rt. 622 (Bradshaw Rd.), greater than four miles away. The technology park is bordered to the south by Interstate Highway Rt. 81. State Highway Rt. 11 runs parallel to Interstate 81. Both thoroughfares run in a northeastern / southwestern direction. Rt. 81 is the main artery which would connect Washington DC, via the State Rt. 17 exchange, to Charlotte, NC via Interstate 77. The RCCRT lies at the lower base of Ft. Lewis Mountain. The elevation for the general area varies between 883 to 1,740 feet above sea level. Ft. Lewis Mountain peak is at 3,260 feet above sea level. Field Survey Within the technology park, the sites are steep, grassy, cleared pastures. The field survey included a tour of Lot 1, which is the largest available site. The site is currently unleveled and has some unique features which would need to be addressed during the development process: 42

43 1. The site would require extensive cut and fill excavation to create a level pad. 2. There is a drainage swale which bisects the lot in a southeastern direction. It appears to be a natural feature and is indicated on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency s FIRM map as Skypes Branch South. It is possibly a small creek that has since dried up. 3. In the eastern section of the lot, there is a small pond. While it is unknown whether or not the pond is a man-made or natural feature of the site, the assumption would be man-made feature, as it is not indicated on the FIRM maps as a natural feature. (The FIRM Map is listed earlier in this report.) Lot 1 is bordered by the technology park s two tenants, Novozymes and Tecton. Both companies sites border Lot 1 s south side. In addition, there is a large private parcel that abuts Lot 1 s southwestern quadrant. On Lot 1 s southeastern quadrant there is a large cut area made for water drainage. Lot 2, which is undeveloped, borders Lot 1 s east side. The northeast, northern, and northwest border is undeveloped forested land which is part of the RCCRT. On the western border of Lot 1 lies a small residential community and Prunty Drive. Photos 1.8, 1.9 and 1.10 Panoramic views of Lot 1 scanning northwest to east of the site Photos 1.11, 1.12 and 1.13 Panoramic views of Lot 1 scanning southeast to south west Photos 1.14, 1.15 and 1.16 Panoramic views scanning northwest to the south 43

44 Graphic 1.34 Aerial view showing photo locations 44

45 Climate and Weather Average Annual Weather Statistics Glenvar Salem Roanoke Co. VA U.S. Average Temp (Deg. F) Precipitation (%) Average Number Days with.1 or More Inches of Precipitation Snow (Inches) Average Number Days with.1 or More Inches of Snow Humidity (%) Wind Speed (MPH) *Source USGS Table 1.9 Average annual weather statistics from historical weather data The weather and climate for the Roanoke area is rather temperate which lends itself to the possibility of using free cooling for a mission critical facility. Free cooling is the use of the ambient outdoor temperature to cool the facility s critical load. Air quality is another factor to consider when attempting to design a facility to use a free cooling mode. Air Quality The USEPA uses the following index to assess the air quality of a particular locality. The index is a culmination of several aspects and variables of the quality of air. For each aspect and variable, the higher number will reflect in an increased rating on the Air Quality Index. Below is chart identifying the USEPA Air Quality Index. Some of the variables and aspects that are reflected in the AQI are Total Suspended Particulates, Amount of Lead, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone, Particulate Matter (PM10), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5). 45

46 Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors 0 to 50 Good Green 51 to 100 Moderate Yellow 101 to 150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Orange 151 to 200 Unhealthy Red 201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple 301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon Table 1.10 AQI Index Levels, Source USEPA The higher rating on the index, the more likely adverse health effects will affect the general local population. The air quality for the community of Glenvar, the city of Salem, and the county of Roanoke has drastically improved over history, as have state and national conditions. In 1999 the general area had an AQI rating of 60, whereas the state of Virginia had an AQI mean average of 51 and the National Mean average AQI rating was 45. Today the area of Glenvar, the city of Salem, and the county of Roanoke have an average AQI rating below both the state and national averages. The AQI average for the area resides below 38 while the state and National average is at approximately 40. This data is relevant for the fresh air intake mission critical facilities require as well as the option for free cooling. Not only is this to be considered when cooling a facility, but also how it will affect servers operation or fiber optic connectivity. The amount of pollutants in the air will also affect the usable life of the cooling equipment. The filters and coils would be greatly degraded if the air quality is poor. 46

47 Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Prototypical Colocation Data Center Design 47

48 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Prototypical Data Center Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities IT Load Calculations 90,000 90,000 90,000 Design Sweet Spot Design Sweet Spot Notes & Comments White Space White Space White Space Interior Option Exterior Option 100w per SF 120w per SF 150w per SF 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc. Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW , , Number of Server Cabinets EA 2, , , , , Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW 8, , , , , TOTAL IT LOAD KW 9, , , , , Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% Total Design KW Total amount of Cabinets / Racks EA 2, , , , , Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 60, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Total used White Space SF 81, , , , , Average White SF per Cab SF Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF 188, , , , ,000 Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 9, , , , , Interior Space Required for an Indoor Equipment Option SF 104, , , , , Total Interior Space Required for an Indoor Option SF 194, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint SF -6, , , , , Indoor options would require a Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Equipment Option SF 60, , , , , reduction of program or redundcy Total Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Option SF 150, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint (Calcs do not include inefficient space). SF 37, , , , , Calcs do not take into consideration inefficient space or support space Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 9,000, ,800, ,500, ,375, ,500, Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Total Required Load KW 15, , , , , Total Required Load KVA 19, , , , , Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, , , , , Number of Transformers EA Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Total Required Space SF 8, , , , , Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 2, , , , , UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capacity "N" KW 9, , , , , UPS Redundancy KW 2N 18, , , , , Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA Modules per System EA Total Number of Systems EA Total Capacity per System KVA 2, , , , , Total Capacity per System KW 2, , , , , Total Capacity KVA 20, , , , , Total Capacity KW 18, , , , , Total Spare Capacity KW , /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

49 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA 4, , , , , Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, , , , , Number of Systems EA Total Required Equipment Space SF 10, , , , , Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, , , , , Total Required Battery Space SF 23, , , , , Total required UPS Space SF 34, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 10, , , , , PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) N EA Total PDU(s) at 2N EA Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF 9, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 4, , , , , Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Unit Rating KW 2, , , , , Total Load KW 15, , , , , Number of N units KW System Capacity KW 18, , , , , Spare Capacity on "N" KW 2, , , Configuration 2N Total # of Generators EA Generator Paralleling Switchgear EA Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA Total Footprint of Generator SF 12, , , , , Allow for Supplementary Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralleling Switchgear lineups EA Total Required Space SF 2, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA Required Fuel Storage Gal 46, , , , , Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal Day Tank Volume Total Gal 2, , , , , Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal 45, , , , , Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Solution) Configuration 2N Computer Equipment Tons 3, , , , , Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc. Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns 3, , , , , Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA Number of Redundant Chillers EA Total Number of Chillers EA Total System Tonns 7, , , , , /6/2012 Page 2 of 3

50 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Number of Chillers EA Total Required Space for Chillers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Cooling Equipment SF 5, , , , , CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA number of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N for Equipment Rooms EA Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 12, , , , , Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns Number of Cooling Towers EA Total CT Capacity Tonns 3, , , , , Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr. Gal per T Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal 190, , , , , Proposed Tank Gal 60, , , , , Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, , , , , Number of Cooling Towers EA Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 10, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 3, , , , , Outdoor SF 2, , , , , UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 44, , , , , Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 17, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 4, , , , , Outdoor SF 12, , , , , Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF 2, , , , , Chiller Space Allocation SF 23, , , , , Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF Outdoor SF 18, , , , , CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF 4, , , , , PDU Space Allocation SF 4, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 104, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF 20, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 60, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 58, , , , , /6/2012 Page 3 of 3

51 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option Prototypical Co-Location DataCenter Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities Total Load (with redundant Typical Data Hall systems - spare capacity IT Load Calculations 10,000 0 White Space 100W + Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW 2.50 Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW Number of Server Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW TOTAL IT LOAD KW 1, Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% 5.50 Total Design KW Total ammonut of Cabinets / Racks EA Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 8, Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Total used White Space SF 9, Average White SF per Cab SF Data Hall ,000 White Space Area Units 100W Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 1, Notes & Comments Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 1,150, Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Total Required Load KW 1, Total Required Load KVA 1, Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, Number of Transformers EA 1.00 Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Total Required Space SF 1, Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

52 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capcity "N" KW 1, UPS Redundancy KW N+1 1, Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA 3.00 Modules per System EA 3.00 Total Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Capacity per System KVA 1, Total Capacity per System KW 1, Total Capacity KVA 1, Total Capacity KW 1, Total Spare Capacity KW Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA 3.00 System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Required Equipment Space SF 1, Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, Total Required Battery Space SF 2, Total required UPS Space SF 3, Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 1, PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) EA 4.00 Redundant PDU(s) for A & B distribution EA 4.00 Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA 8.00 Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Unit Rating KW 2, Total Load KW 1, Number of N units KW 1.00 System Capacity KW 2, Spare Capacity on "N" KW Configuration N Total # of Generators EA 2.00 Generator Paralelling Switchgear EA 0.00 Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA 0.00 Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA 2.00 Total Footprint of Generator SF 1, Allow for Suplimentry Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralling Switchgear lineups EA 0.00 Total Required Space SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA 1.00 Required Fuel Storage Gal 4, Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal 3, Day Tank Volume Total Gal Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal Time Extra / Short Full load Hrs Delta is Hrs short per PG Lineup if redundant Gennie is used. 12/6/2012 Page 2 of 3

53 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Soultion) Configuration N+1 On Entire Phase 1 System Computer Equipment Tons Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA 1.00 Number of Redundant Chillers EA 0.00 Total Number of Chillers EA 1.00 Total System Tonns Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Number of Chillers EA 1.00 Total Required Space for Chillers SF 1, Allowance for Supplimentary Cooloing Equipment SF CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA 8.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA 2.00 Number of Redundant CRAC for Concurrent maintainability EA 2.00 numbe of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA 1.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N EA 3.00 Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 1, Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF 4.00 Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns N/A Number of Cooling Towers EA 5.00 Total CT Capacity Tonns #VALUE! Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr Gal per T 2.20 Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal #VALUE! Proposed Tank Gal 60, Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, Number of Cooling Towers EA 5.00 Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 4, Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF 1, Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF Chiller Space Allocation SF 1, Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF 0.00 Outdoor SF 0.00 CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF PDU Space Allocation SF Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 9, Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 5, Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 3, /6/2012 Page 3 of 3

54 Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details 54

55 Fiber Carrier: Verizon Business Address: One Verizon Way Basking Ridge, NJ General Phone: (908) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Global IT, security, and communication solutions Specialties: IT, Security, Communications, and Network Solutions Fiber Carrier: AT&T Address: 208 S. Akard St. Dallas, TX General Phone: (800) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Wireless service, high speed internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services Specialties: Wireless Services, ecommerce, U-Verse, Enterprise Applications & Managed Hosting Solutions Fiber Carrier: Cox Communications Address: 1400 Lake Hearn Dr. Sandy Springs, GA General Phone: (800) Web Site ww2.cox.com Carrier Profile: Broadband delivery network Specialties: Television, Broadband, Telephone, High Speed Internet 55

56 Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis 56

57 Natural Disaster Risk Details Seismic The index for earthquake events is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS which is comprised of factors including frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. The statistical data reviewed spans 50 years of recorded data. The U.S. average index is 1.8. The state of Virginia has an earthquake index rating of.2, approximately ten percent of the national average. The area of Glenvar and the city of Salem have an average index rating of 0.17 which is slightly lower than the state of Virginia. The City of Roanoke has a slightly elevated index rating of 1.09 due to the population density and the density of structures that are susceptible to damage. Out of a 1,043 cities and jurisdictions in the state of Virginia, where 1 would be the most prone to seismic activity and 1,043 would be the least susceptible, the area ranks 225 or is in the top 21st percentile. Recent seismic activity was recorded on May 16, 2009 in the southwestern section of Roanoke County. The latest seismic event had a magnitude of 3.0 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Magnitude Scale is one of a number of ways that have been developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake. The scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph to arbitrary small amplitude. An earthquake that measures 5.0 on the Richter scale has shaking amplitude 10 times larger than one that measures 4.0, and corresponds to an energy release of times greater. The largest seismic event recorded within a 50-mile radius of the site over the last 50 years occurred 48.8 miles away on November 20, The seismic event had a magnitude of 4.3. The second largest seismic event for the area occurred March 8, 1968, 28.1 miles away, with a magnitude of 3.9. The third event happened on May 30, 1974, approximately 17.7 miles away, with a magnitude of

58 Magnitude Description Average maximum Mercalli intensity Average earthquake effects Average frequency of occurrence (estimated) Less than 2.0 Micro I to II Microearthquakes, not felt, or felt rarely by sensitive people. Recorded by seismographs. Continual/several million per year I to III Minor II to V Generally felt by few to many people up to several miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Weak shaking in the felt area. Recorded by seismographs. Often felt in the area by at least many people, but very rarely causes damage. Can be felt tens of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Over one million per year Over 100,000 per year Light III to VII Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises. Many people, or everyone, feel it with slight to strong intensity. Slightly felt outside. Generally causes none to slight damage. Moderate, heavy, major, or significant damage unlikely. Some falling of objects. 10,000 to 15,000 per year Moderate IV to VIII Can cause moderate to major damage to poorly constructed buildings. At most, none to slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can be felt hundreds of 1,000 to 1,500 miles/kilometers from the epicenter at low/lower intensity. It may be reported as per year very strong to violent intensity tens of miles from the epicenter. Deaths can depend on the effects Strong VI to X Can be damaging/destructive in populated areas. Damage to many to all buildings; poorly designed structures incur moderate to severe damage. Earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage. Most likely felt hundreds of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Death toll between none and more than 50, to 150 per year Major VII to XII Can cause great/greater damage over larger areas. Damage to all buildings; many to all receive moderate to very heavy damage, or collapse partially to completely. Death toll is usually between none to more than 150, to 20 per year Great VIII to XII Can cause major damage across very wide, large areas. Many to all buildings in epicentral area severely damaged or destroyed. Buildings further from the epicenter are also likely to incur damage of any level. Very strong shaking up to a few hundred miles/kilometers away. Death toll is usually between 100 to more than 500,000, however some earthquakes this magnitude have killed none. One per year (rarely none, two, or over two per year) Destructive to very devastating in extremely large areas. Many to all buildings severely damaged to completely destroyed up to tens of miles from the epicenter. Easily felt and/or damaging at extremely distant points. Ground changes. Death toll usually between 1,000 and one million. One per 5 to 50 years Massive/Epic IX to XII Heavy, widespread, colossal damage/devastation across enormous areas. Will destroy buildings fairly easily and quickly. Death toll most likely will be over 50,000 people. Large ground changes. Never recorded; see below for equivalent seismic energy yield. None per year (unknown, extremely rare, or impossible/may not be possible) Table 1.11 Magnitudes of seismic activity on the Richter Scale, Source USGS 58

59 Tornados Based on a similar index as the earthquake index, the U.S. average for tornados is The average is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS and comprised of factors from frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. The state of Virginia has a tornado index rating of 88.66, approximately 64% below the national average. The area of Glenvar and the city of Salem have an average tornado index rating of This is less than half of the state s average. Within the statistical data of set of a 50-year period within a 50-mile radius of the site, there have been a total of 17 tornado events. All events recorded had a magnitude rating of 2 on the Fujita scale. The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornados inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists (and engineers) after a ground and/or aerial damage survey; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry/ videogrammetry (if motion picture recording was available). The closest tornado event occurred 8.5 miles away in Roanoke County on April 4, It was estimated the storm caused approximately $2.5 million worth of damage across an area of approximately 6.5 miles. The most recent record of tornado activity occurred September 9, This event happened in Bedford County approximately 19.2 miles away. There was minimal damage recorded in this tornado incident. Tornado Rating Classifications Rating F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Tornado Scale Weak Strong Violent Damage Significant Wind Intense Table 1.12 Tornado magnitude ratings, Source NOAA 59

60 Scale Estimated wind speed mph km/h Relative frequency Average Damage Path Width (meters) Potential damage F % Light damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged. Moderate damage. F % The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. Significant damage. F % Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; highrise windows broken and blown in; light-object missiles generated. Severe damage. F % Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown. F % Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated. Incredible damage. F <0.1% 1100 ~ Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 m (109 yd); trees debarked; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. Table 1.13 Tornado magnitude ratings on Fujita Scale, Source NOAA 60

61 Extreme Weather From a period between 1950 and 2010 there were 3,447 extreme weather events within a 50-mile radius of the RCCRT. Extreme weather events are considered to be weather phenomena that are at the extremes of the historical distribution, especially severe or unseasonal weather. The most commonly used definition of extreme weather is based on an event's climatological distribution. An extreme weather event can range from a severe storm resulting in property damage to an event as common as an above / below average temperature day. The events are broken down in the following classifications: RCCRT Virginia Statewide Event Type 50-Mile Radius Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year* Statewide Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year Blizzard Cold Dense Fog Drought Flood , Hail 1, , Heat Heavy Snow High Surf Hurricane Ice Storm Landslides Strong Winds Thunderstorm Winds 1, , Tropical Storms Wild Fires Winter Storms Winter Weather Other , Total Events 3, , *Source USGS Table 1.14 Extreme weather events within 50-mile radius over 60 year period, Source USGS 61

62 It should be noted the statistical data covers a large area. A radius of 50 miles from the site covers an area of almost 13% of the entire state of Virginia. It is also important to note that, in all the categories of extreme weather events, occurrences in the area of Glenvar, the city of Salem and the surrounding vicinity event are well below the state s average. Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest concern. In these categories, as well as in most categories, the site compares very favorably with other U.S. locations. Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Ultimately, any facility within close proximity to dense population and to the infrastructure that supports that population is susceptible to any and all of these risks to some degree. Some risks are more probable than others. In performing these risk analyses, the question of what if? is a common theme. The biggest part of the risk assessment is identifying the risk and implementing measures to mitigate potential disruptions to operations. The list of potential man-made disasters is quite extensive. Some of the categories of man-made disasters include: A. Infrastructure and Engineering failures 1. Building Collapse 2. Bridge and Roadway Failures 3. Tunnel Failure 4. Dam Failure 5. Nuclear Plant Disasters 6. Electrical Infrastructure Failure 7. Sewer System Failure 8. Water System Failure 9. Gas Pipeline Rupture B. Environmental Disasters 1. Chemical Leak 2. Biohazard C. Fire D. Industrial Accidents and Incidents E. Transportation Failures 1. Train Accidents a. Passenger b. Freight 2. Airline Disasters F. Massacres G. Non-Combat Military Accidents 62

63 H. Space Accidents I. Terrorist Attacks J. Weapons of Mass Destruction 1. Chemical 2. Biological 3. Nuclear During the site selection process for a data center or other mission critical facility, a detailed risk assessment report is typically performed in conjunction with the design and tier classification of the particular facility. The facility tier classification dictates how reliable the facility should be and the facility s projected downtime. A tier IV facility is the most reliable facility with an uptime rating of four nines (99.995% of the time up and running or an average of minutes per year of downtime). Potential man-made disasters are factored in when calculated this uptime rating. A review of the RCCRT and the surrounding area resulted in few concerns regarding man-made risks. Those that do exist include Superfund Sites in the greater vicinity, neighboring facilities, forest fires in the neighboring wooded areas, a major traffic accident on Rt. 81 or State Route 11, and rail accidents along the Norfolk Southern rail line. These potential man-made risks were discussed earlier in the report, however, greater detail follows in this section on the types of materials being used at the neighboring facilities. The immediate risk to a mission critical data center at the RCCRT from a man-made disaster could stem from an industrial accident from the neighboring businesses. Tecton Products Ltd. is a manufacturer of plastic and vinyl pulltrusions. The Tecton facility is listed on the EPA database for several environmental interest types. Included in these environmental interests are: A. Air Synthetic Minor - A facility is classified as a Clean Air Act Stationary Source Synthetic Minor discharger of air pollutants if: 1) Potential emissions are below all applicable major source thresholds if and only if the source complies with federally enforceable regulations or limitations, or 2) Actual emissions < 100 tons/year, but potential uncontrolled emissions > 100 tons/year, or * Unregulated pollutant actual emissions < 100 tons/year. B. Hazardous Waste Biennial Reporter - Under the authority of Sections 3002 and 3004 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA), hazardous waste generators and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities are required to report to the EPA or the authorized States, at least every two years, the quantities, nature, and disposition of hazardous waste. C. Hazardous Waste Large Quantity Generators (LQGs) -- LQGs generate: 1) 1,000 kg or more of hazardous waste during any calendar month; or 2) more than 1 kg 63

64 of acutely hazardous waste during any calendar month; or 3) more than 100 kg of any residue or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of acutely hazardous waste during any calendar month; or 4) 1 kg or less of acutely hazardous waste during any calendar month, and accumulate more than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste at any time; or 5) 100 kg or less of any residue or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of acutely hazardous waste during any calendar month, and accumulated more than 100 kg of that material at any time. D. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Reporter - A TRI Reporter is a facility which: 1) employs the equivalent of 10 or more full-time employees; and 2) is included in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 10xx, 12xx, 20xx-39xx, 4911, 4931, 4939, 4953, 5169, 5171, or 7389; and 3) manufactures (defined to include importing), processes, or otherwise uses any Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Section 313 chemical in quantities greater than the established threshold in the course of a calendar year (i.e., manufactures or processes over 25,000 pounds of the approximately 600 designated chemicals or 28 chemical categories specified in the regulations, or uses more than 10,000 pounds of any designated chemical or category). Novozymes Biologicals, Inc, another neighboring business within the RCCRT, is also listed on the EPA database for several environmental interest types. Included in these environmental interests are: A. CESQG - Hazardous Waste Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators generate: * 100 kilograms or less of hazardous waste per calendar month, and accumulate 1000 kg or less of hazardous waste at any time; or * One kilogram or less of acutely hazardous waste per calendar month, and accumulate at any time: * 1 kg or less of acutely hazardous waste; or * 100 kg or less of any residue or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of acutely hazardous waste; or * 100 kg or less of any residue or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of acutely hazardous waste during any calendar month, and accumulate at any time: (1) 1 kg or less of acutely hazardous waste; or (2) 100 kg or less of any residue or contaminated soil or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of acutely hazardous waste. B. Enforcement Compliance Activity - A compliance monitoring or enforcement activity, from the time an inspector conducts an inspection until the time the inspector closes or the case settles the enforcement action. C. Formal Enforcement Action - A civil judicial or administrative enforcement action under an environmental statute Although the risk is low, an industrial accident or fire at either one of these facilities could 64

65 have a negative impact to the continuous operation of a data center. Public Transportation Airports The nearest airport is Roanoke Regional Airport, located in the northeast quadrant of the city of Roanoke. Roanoke Regional Airport is the primary passenger and cargo airport for southwest Virginia. The airport averages 50 flights daily with regular service to Charlotte, NC; Chicago, IL (O Hare); Philadelphia, PA; Detroit, MI; Atlanta, GA; Washington D.C. (Dulles); and LaGuardia (NYC) airports. Allegiant Air, Delta, United Airlines, and U.S. Airways are the major airlines. There are two small private airports in the area. Trussmark Airport is a small private airport located in Salem with a single turf runway, approximately 10 miles away. This airport can accept small single engine aircraft. Virginia Tech Montgomery Executive Airport is a larger public airport located in Blacksburg, VA, approximately 30 miles away. Blacksburg is located in neighboring Montgomery County. The airport has approximately 93 aircraft operations per day. This airport has a single asphalt runway 4,530 feet in length. Although officially the airport has two runways, it is in essence the same runway with either an east or west approach. The airport can accept small corporate jets or small multi-engine propeller airplanes. Passenger Rail Service Roanoke and the general outlying area have not had public rail service since The nearest public rail service is located in Lynchburg, VA and Clifton Forge, VA. Lynchburg is approximately 60 miles due east of the RCCRT. Clifton Forge is approximately 50 miles northeast of the RCCRT. There are two train routes offered from Lynchburg, The Crescent, and the North East Regional lines. The Crescent line offers service between New York City and New Orleans, LA. The Northeast Corridor line offers service between Lynchburg and Boston, MA. There are two daily trains to Washington D.C. from Lynchburg. The trip to Washington D.C from Lynchburg is approximately 4 hours. There is one train that offers service to Washington D.C. from Clifton Forge via the Cardinal line. The Cardinal Line operates between Chicago and New York City, three days a week. The trip From Clifton Forge to Washington D.C. is approximately 5.5 hours. 65

66 Graphic 1.35 Amtrak Cardinal Line Graphic 1.36 Amtrak Crescent Line Graphic 1.37 Amtrak Northeast Regional Line The Valley Metro Bus Service offers bus service throughout the City of Roanoke and the city of Salem. The yellow line or Route 91 bus offers service closest to the RCCRT. This route can be accessed via connecting routes, the black 71 / 72 and 75 / 76 routes, and the pink 81 / 82 routes, at Campbell Court (the center of the city of Roanoke). The Valley Metro Smart Way Commuter Bus provides bus service from Campbell Court in downtown Roanoke to downtown Blacksburg. The service runs hourly between 5:15 AM until 8:20 PM. Service between Roanoke Regional Airport and the Glennmary Interchange (Exit 132 on Interstate 81) takes approximately 1 hour. Greyhound runs regular bus service to Washington, DC. The route travels via Lynchburg, VA. 66

67 Graphic 1.38 Roanoke Valley bus service map 67

68 RCCRT Graphic 1.39 Roanoke Valley smart way bus service map There are six primary taxi and car service companies in Roanoke, VA. There is also one taxi company operating out of Blacksburg VA. Taxi service from Campbell Court to the RCCRT costs approximately $40 without tip. 68

69 Chapter 6 Demographic Details 69

70 Demographics The general health of the area and the future projections for the general area are important factors in determining whether or not a site is suitable for a mission critical facility. The following pages include an overview of the demographic attributes of the area surrounding RCCRT. As explained in more detail in the Background section, the geopolitical divisions of the area surrounding the site present analytical challenges. Consequently, statistics for three areas are included in order to present a complete picture of the area immediately surrounding the RCCRT, as well as the larger surrounding communities from which much of the labor would likely be drawn. While combined for the benchmarking analysis addressed earlier in the report, the statistics for these three areas are shown individually in this section in order to provide a more granular understanding of the surrounding region. This report includes information about the Glenvar community, as it is the community closest to the RCCRT; however, the primary focus is on the neighboring city of Salem and Roanoke County. Note: Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. Background Correctly interpreting the demographic information for the RCCRT area requires an understanding of the governmental divisions. There is one incorporated town, Vinton, and 16 unincorporated communities within Roanoke County; however, the area s dominant cities of Roanoke and Salem are not part of Roanoke County. The city of Roanoke lies within the county borders but is a separate unit, while Salem lies to the west of Roanoke County. Although Salem and the city of Roanoke are independent entities from Roanoke County, the three entities share government resources. (The city of Roanoke is the eighth largest city by population in the state of Virginia. The city of Salem is the 18th largest.) Vinton, the one incorporated town in Roanoke County, is located on the northeast border of the city of Roanoke. Statistical data is available for Vinton; however, due to multiple factors and its somewhat distant geographic relation to the RCCRT, statistical data for Vinton does little to define area demographics for purposes of this report. 70

71 The closest neighboring community to the RCCRT is Glenvar, which borders due east on the southern side (eastbound lane) of Rt. 81. However, limited statistical information is available and would not be reflective of the outlying area. The larger geographic area surrounding the RCCRT is referred to as the Roanoke Metro Area or the Roanoke Valley. This large area encompasses 1,869 square miles and includes Roanoke County, Roanoke City, and Salem, as well as Franklin, Botetourt, and Craig counties. Franklin, Botetourt, and Craig counties account for 83% of the Roanoke Metro land area but only 30% of the total population. Franklin County occupies the area south of Route 81. Botetourt County lies northeast of Roanoke City. Craig County primarily lies entirely within Jefferson National Forest. Statistics for Surrounding Counties Population Total Area (Sq Miles) Franklin County 56, Botetourt County 5, Craig County 33, Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.15 Population information on surrounding counties The three counties have a total area of 1,561 square miles and a combined population density of people per square mile. Demographic Details Of note, the population growth rate in the immediate area is far below that of the state of Virginia (13%) and the U.S. national average (9.7%), as measured over the period Population, Counts, Density and Growth Salem Roanoke County Glenvar Combined Population 24,802 92,376 6, ,698 Area (square miles) Population Density 1, (people per square mile) Population Growth 0.22% 7.69% 4.16% 6.00% (since 2000) Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.16 Population information for Roanoke area The median age for the United States is 37.2 years old; the median for Virginia is As indicated by the following median age statistics, the area surrounding the RCCRT and the neighboring city of Salem are comprised of an older population. 71

72 Population by Age Population Bracket Glenvar, VA % Salem, VA % Roanoke County % State of Virginia (%) Under 5 years , , to 9 years , , to 14 years , , to 19 years , , to 24 years , , to 34 years , , to 44 years , , to 54 years , , to 64 years , , to 74 years , , to 84 years , , years and , over Total 6, % 24, % 92, % 100% 100% Median age *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.17 Population by age U.S. (%) The race make-up of the surrounding area is predominantly white, making up a weighted average of approximately 90% of the population. The following chart shows the race make-up of the surrounding population to the RCCRT. Population by Ethnicity Race Glenvar, VA (%) Salem, VA (%) Roanoke County (%) Virginia (%) U.S. (%) White Black Hispanic Asian Native American One Race Other Two Races Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.18 Population by ethnicity The following table shows the first ancestry make-up of the population in the surrounding areas. Note: not everyone claims (reports) first ancestry. For example, only 61.1% of Glenvar s population and 80.6% of Salem s claim first ancestry. Additionally, analysis indicated anomalies with Roanoke County s data as compared with the neighboring community of Glenvar and the city of Salem. It is likely that this data was incorrect and was, thus, omitted. 72

73 Population by First Ancestry Glenvar (%) Salem (%) Roanoke(%) *No data available Virginia (%) U.S. (%) Arab Czech Danish Dutch English (UK) French German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scottish Irish Scottish Sub-Saharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian American Welsh *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.19 Population by first ancestry 73

74 Languages Spoken at Home Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke % VA (%) U.S. (%) Co. English , , Spanish , Other Indo , European Languages Asian and Pacific Islander Languages Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.20 Languages spoken at home The following chart shows the statistical information for households and families of Glenvar, the city of Salem and surrounding Roanoke County in comparison to the state of Virginia and national averages. Housing and Household Statistics Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke % VA (%) U.S. (%) Co. Total ,045 37,608 3,056, ,716,292 Households Average Household Size 1 Person , , Households 2 or more , , Person households Family , , Households Average Family Size Married , , Couple Family Non-Family , , Households *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.21 Housing and housing statistics 74

75 Note the correlation between median ages (illustrated earlier) and the income statistics found in the following table. For example, Glenvar s population is older (median age 73.6 years) and more likely on fixed incomes as opposed to the city Salem and Roanoke County. Income Statistics Glenvar, VA Salem, VA Roanoke County Virginia U.S. Median Household Income $29,440 $48,828 $57,212 $60,674 $50,046 Mean Household Income $35,331 $65,750 $71,915 $81,608 $68,259 Population at or Below Poverty 16.18% 8.82% 6.59% 11.08% 15.33% Level Families at or Below Poverty 11.19% 4.14% 4.47% 7.75% 11.28% Level *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.22 Income statistics The area, in general has witnessed better than 25% growth in household income when compared to year 2000 to year 2010 statistical data. 75

76 Employment Status Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke Co. % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Population ,458 74,120 6,385, ,832,923 years and over Male , , Male in Labor , , Force Male in Armed Services Male Civilian , , Male Civilian , , Employed Male Civilian , Unemployed Male not in , , Labor Force Female , , Female in , , Labor Force Female in Armed Services Female , , Civilian Female , , Civilian Employed Female , Civilian Unemployed Female not in , , Labor Force *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.23 Employment of population 16 and over 76

77 Careers - Occupation Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke Co. % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed ,794 47,309 3,814, ,033, years and over Male , , Management, , , Professional, and Related Occupations Service , Occupations Sales and Office , , Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction, , Extraction, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, , Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations. Female ,168 6,168 22, Management, Professional, and Related Occupations 0 0 2,227 2,227 11, Service ,313 1,313 3, Occupations Sales and Office ,309 2,309 6, Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction, Extraction, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, , Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.24 Occupation by careers 77

78 Careers - Industry Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke Co. % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed 16 years and over Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, and Mining ,309 3,814, ,033, Construction , Manufacturing , , Wholesale , Trade Retail Trade , , Transportation, , Warehouse, Utilities Information Finance, , , Insurance, Real Estate, Rental, Leasing Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, Waste Management Services , Educational Services, Health Care, Social Assistance Arts Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, Food Services 0 0 3, , , , Public , Administration Other Misc , Administration *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.25 Careers by industry The mean average commute to work for the residents of Glenvar is 27.1 minutes. This is compared to 17.2 minutes for the residents of Salem and 19.7 minutes for the residents of Roanoke County respectively. The state of Virginia s average commute to work is 27.2 minutes and the national average is 25.3 minutes. 78

79 Based on 2006 to 2010 data, the median house value in Glenvar is $135,000. This is compared to $165,000 for the city of Salem and $189,500 for Roanoke County. As of 2010, house values have grown by 60% in Roanoke County since the year This is compared to the state of Virginia median house value $249,100 and the national median average house value of $179,900. The average house age in Glenvar is roughly 30 years old while the average age of houses in Salem is 42 years old and 35 years old for Roanoke County. The state of Virginia s average house age is 33 years old and the national average is 37 years old. Housing Occupancy Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Glenvar % Salem % Roanoke Co. % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) ,832 40,016 3,364, ,704, , , Owner Occupied , , Renter Occupied , , Vacancy Housing Units Housing Units For Rent , For Sale Only Rented or Not Sold, Not Occupied For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use For Migrant Workers Other Vacant *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.26 Housing by occupancy 79

80 Housing Costs Statistics Glenvar, VA Salem, VA Roanoke County Virginia U.S. Owner Occupied with Mortgage 45.22% 61.91% 69.41% 72.01% 67.23% Owner Occupied without Mortgage 54.78% 38.09% 30.59% 27.59% 32.77% Housing Costs with a $825 $1,299 $1,419 $1,728 $1,496 Mortgage Housing Costs without a Mortgage $418 $404 $410 $409 $431 *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.27 Housing costs The median average for gross monthly rents in the community of Glenvar is $646. The median average for gross monthly rents in the city of Salem is $710. The median average for gross monthly rents in Roanoke County is $795. The following chart indicates the general distribution of the cost of rental units in the corresponding localities. Gross Monthly Rents Monthly Rents Glenvar Salem Roanoke Co. (%) (%) (%) VA (%) U.S. (%) $199 or Less $200 to $ $300 to $500 to $ $700 top $ $1,00 to $1, $1,500 to $1, $2,000 or more *Source Census Data Table 1.28 Gross monthly rents for housing units 80

81 The primary method for household heating in the area around the RCCRT is utility natural gas. Electricity is the second most prevalent method for heating homes in the area. The following table illustrates the diversity of household heating methods for the general area, state, and the United States. Methods of Household Heating Glenvar (%) Salem (%) Roanoke Co. (%) VA (%) U.S. (%) Utility Gas Bottled, Tank, or LP Gas Electricity Fuel Oil, Kerosene Coal or Coke Wood, Pellets, or Similar Combustible Material Solar Energy (Active or Passive) Other Fuel No Fuel Used *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.29 Methods for home heating Heating and Cooling Costs Index Glenvar Salem Roanoke Co. VA U.S. Heating Cooling *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.30 Heating and cooling costs index 81

82 The community of Glenvar is under the governmental jurisdiction of Roanoke County. In the city of Salem, according to 2010 census data, there were a total of 1,041 government employees. This equates to municipal government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $1, per resident, and an annual burden of $4, per household. In Roanoke County, according to 2010 census data, there were a total of 3,345 government employees. This equates to government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $1, per resident, and an annual burden of $3, per household. The state of Virginia, according to 2010 census data, has 124,709 government employees. This equates to government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $ per resident, and an annual burden of $2, per household. 82

83 Government Employees and Population Burdens Salem, VA Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government 1,041 $3,794,590 $43, $254,153 1,149 Elementary and Secondary - Instruction Elementary and Secondary - Other Total 420 $1,606,133 $45, $93, $289,210 $25, $49, Financial Administration 53 $214,909 $48,659 0 $0 53 Firefighters 64 $286,618 $53, $23, Fire - Other 2 $5,951 $35,706 0 $0 2 Judicial & Legal 15 $67,587 $54,070 5 $8, Other Government Administration 37 $181,978 $59, $12, Streets & Highways 59 $172,311 $35,046 0 $0 59 Local Libraries 9 $39,398 $52,531 8 $6, Parks & Recreation 22 $75,688 $41, $11, Police Protection - Officers 93 $360,116 $46, $17, Police-Other 6 $26,019 $52,038 1 $930 7 Sewerage 9 $25,443 $33,924 0 $0 9 Solid Waste Management 35 $101,383 $34,760 3 $4, Other & Unallocable 19 $75,865 $47, $24, Water Supply 31 $110,335 $42,710 0 $0 31 Electric Power 29 $155,646 $64,405 1 $1, Totals for Government 1,041 $3,794, $254, ,149 Yearly payroll $45,535, $3,049, Population 24,802 Total Payroll $48,584, Burden per Person $1, Households Burden per Household $4, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.31 Salem, VA government employees and population burdens 83

84 Government Employees and Population Burdens Roanoke County Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government 2,806 $10,848,830 $46,396 1,245 $1,466,399 3,345 Correction 71 $234,686 $39,665 4 $4, Elementary and Secondary - Instruction Elementary and Secondary - Other Total Financial Administration 1,578 $6,397,642 $48, $604,904 1, $856,060 $34, $584, $408,501 $50, $17, Firefighters 142 $693,006 $58, $14, Fire - Other 14 $73,496 $62,997 3 $4, Judicial & Legal 56 $238,235 $51, $21, Other Government Administration Housing & Community Development 75 $317,539 $50,806 2 $1, Health 4 $13,523 $40,569 0 $0 4 5 $29,993 $71,983 0 $0 5 Local Libraries 35 $111,718 $38, $22, Parks & Recreation Police Protection - Officers 63 $213,487 $40, $140, $453,990 $45,781 1 $1, Police-Other 55 $193,543 $42,228 2 $2, Welfare 91 $296,517 $39,101 5 $8, Solid Waste Management 62 $191,659 $37,095 5 $3, Other & Unallocable 38 $125,235 $39, $32, Totals for Government 2,806 $10,848, ,245 $1,466, ,345 Yearly payroll $130,185, $17,596, Population 92,376 Total Payroll $147,782, Burden per Person $1, Households 37,608 Burden per Household $3, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.32 Roanoke County, VA government employees and population burdens 84

85 Government Employees and Population Burdens State of Virginia Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government 105,968 $464,599,744 $52,612 51,859 $65,998, ,709 Correction 13,782 $42,640,042 $37, $449,648 13,941 Higher Education - Other Higher Education - Instructional 26,461 $101,840,713 $46,185 26,651 $21,974,113 35,691 14,496 $107,512,824 $89,001 15,300 $28,097,871 18,895 Other Education 2,603 $11,589,323 $53, $1,075,328 2,910 Social Insurance Administration Financial Administration 1,301 $4,870,946 $44, $1,120,645 1,696 3,922 $16,569,398 $50, $863,602 4,274 Judicial & Legal 3,552 $16,746,486 $56, $472,112 3,643 Other Government Administration 513 $2,517,974 $58, $931, Health 5,106 $20,037,292 $47, $1,493,318 5,601 Hospitals 13,789 $52,391,638 $45,594 2,427 $4,589,960 14,757 Streets & Highways Natural Resources Parks & Recreation Police Protection - Officers 7,559 $31,722,054 $50, $192,246 7,610 1,990 $9,006,688 $54, $541,939 2, $2,422,072 $42, $523, ,168 $10,466,886 $57, $19,544 2,174 Police-Other 721 $2,664,150 $44, $123, Water Transport & Terminals Other & Unallocable Welfare 2,666 $10,239,372 $46, $507,702 2, $664,428 $62,781 2 $4, ,664 $17,897,960 $58, $1,152,874 4,049 Liquor Stores 857 $2,799,498 $39,200 1,454 $1,865,728 1,832 Totals for Government 105,968 $464,599, ,859 $65,998, ,709 Yearly payroll $5,575,196, $791,987, Population 8,001,024 Total Payroll $6,367,184, Burden per Person $ Households 3,056,058 Burden per Household $2, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.33 State of Virginia government employees and population burdens 85

86 The Roanoke County Public School District is ranked 8 th out of the state s 130 school districts, putting the district within the top 6% of the state. There were a total of 772 teachers for 14,793 students in the school year. This yields a student to teacher ratio for the school district. The 27 public schools serve grades Pre-K to Grade 12. There are no private schools located within the community of Glenvar; however, there are two private schools in Salem: Salem Montessori School (Pre-K to Grade 5 and Hopetree Academy (Grades 6-12). Glenvar Elementary, Middle, and High school are located in Salem, VA. Consequently, Salem, VA has its own separate school district. Roanoke County School District Total Students: 14,793 14,937 15,105 English Language Learner Students: Total Teachers: Prekindergarten: Kindergarten: Elementary: Secondary: Ungraded: NA NA NA Total Other Staff: 1, , , Instructional Aides: Instructional Coordinators & Supervisors: Total Guidance Counselors: Elementary Guidance Counselors: Secondary Guidance Counselors: Other Guidance Counselors: 4 4 NA Librarians/Media Specialists: Library/Media Support: District Administrators: District Administrative Support: School Administrators: School Administrative Support: Student Support Services: Other Support Services: Student-Teacher Ratio: *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.34 Roanoke school district statistics 86

87 There are 20 universities, colleges, or higher education facilities located within 50 miles of the RCCRT. Most notably, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) are located in neighboring Blacksburg, VA. University/College Student Population Liberty University 33,604 Institution Type 4-year, private, not-forprofit Town Lynchburg Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 30,739 4-year, public State University Blacksburg Radford University 9,157 4-year, public Radford Virginia Western Community 8,532 2-year, public College Roanoke Central Virginia Community 5,412 2-year, public College Lynchburg New River Community College 4,889 2-year, public Dublin National College - Salem 4,644 4-year, private, for-profit Salem Patrick Henry Community College 3,109 2-year, public Purcellville Lynchburg College 2,572 4-year, private, not-forprofit Lynchburg Washington and Lee University 2,155 4-year, private, not-forprofit Lexington Roanoke College 2,021 4-year, private, not-forprofit Salem Virginia Military Institute 1,428 4-year, public Lexington Ferrum College 1,397 4-year, private, not-forprofit Ferrum Dabney S. Lancaster Community 1,272 2-year, public College Clifton Forge Hollins University 1,058 4-year, private, not-forprofit Roanoke Jefferson College of Health 4-year, private, not-for- 995 Sciences profit Roanoke Southern Virginia University year, private, not-forprofit Buena Vista Edward Via Virginia College of 4-year, private, not-for- 668 Osteopathic Medicine profit Blacksburg Randolph College year, private, not-forprofit Lynchburg ECPI Technical College year, private, for-profit Roanoke *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.35 Local universities and colleges 87