Data Center Site Qualification Program. Detailed Site Prospectus

Transcription

1 Data Center Site Qualification Program Detailed Site Prospectus Wolpert Greenfield Site Hilliard, OH March 2013

2 Table of Contents About This Report... 4 Executive Summary... 5 Chapter 1 - Overview... 9 Data Center Options & Layouts... 9 Variables... 9 Enterprise User Model Co-Location Model Other Considerations Data Center Modeling Summary Infrastructure Services Electrical Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure Gas Water Sewer Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk Man-Made Disaster Risk Fire and Rescue Services Police and Crime Index Public Transportation

3 Specific Mission Critical Support Demographic Benchmark Results Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis Natural Disaster Risk Details Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Public Transportation Chapter 6 Demographic Details Background Demographic Details

4 About This Report This feasibility report was prepared in conjunction with American Electric Power s (AEP s) Data Center Site Qualification Program. The program s objective is the proactive identification and analysis of sites that offer the unique combination of factors desired by today s mission critical and data center operations. These factors include highly reliable and redundant power and fiber infrastructures, competitive cost structures, and a location insulated from man-made and natural risks. Biggins Lacy Shapiro & Co., a location economics and site selection firm, has served as lead consultant for the program, together with its affiliated energy services company, Sugarloaf Associates. Engineering and site evaluation services were provided by Intelligent Building Solutions, LLC (IBS), a facilities consulting firm focusing on mission critical projects. This report was written by IBS using a culmination of their independent analysis of the Wolpert Greenfield Site (WGS) in Hilliard, OH and its suitability for a mission critical facility. The review process included an initial site survey and an in-depth review of supporting documents to ascertain the feasibility to support a test model mission critical facility with 100,000 square feet of raised floor (computer room) designed to current industry specifications for power usage and redundancy. 4

5 Executive Summary This report examined the potential for mission critical development at the Wolpert Greenfield Site (WGS) in Hilliard, OH. The site is a greenfield site that is approximately 9 miles from downtown Columbus, OH. The analysis concludes the site is favorable for data center development and it offers strong utility infrastructure Logistically, the Hilliard area offers a temperate climate ideal for free cooling. There is a moderate susceptibility to natural disasters and there are several concerns for the potential of man-made disasters effecting the operation of a mission critical facility at the WGS. Although the site is within close proximity to downtown Columbus, public transportation options could be a concern for end users requiring disaster recovery. The site s location is appropriate for a stand-alone enterprise user or a colocation facility, and the site will physically accommodate either. For purposes of this analysis, the site was designed with 100,000 square feet of raised floor, also known as white space. Graphics 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 are maps showing the State of Ohio, Franklin County, Hilliard, OH and the Wolpert Greenfield Site. 5

6 Chicago, IL 268 miles WGS Columbus, OH 9 Miles Graphic 1.4 Map showing WGS relationship to major data center market hubs Graphic 1.5 Map showing lot layout for WGS 6

7 A. General Information Location Type of Site Size SITE ATTRIBUTES Wolpert Greenfield Site 4178 Davidson Rd. Hilliard, OH Greenfield Site acres B. Electric Infrastructure Existing Service Voltage Mission Critical Facility Service Voltage Proposed In-Service Date Design Load Capacity C. Fiber Infrastructure Providers in Vicinity High Bandwidth (Distance from Site) D. Other Utilities Natural Gas Service Natural Gas Provider Water Service Available Water Capacity Water Provider Sewer Sewer Provider Available Sewer Capacity None 120V Temp Service 69kV or 138 kv months from signed letter of intent Service in excess of 20MW AT&T, Verizon, Cox Communications At Doorstep 4 medium pressure line 55 PSI at street (not dedicated) Columbia Gas of Ohio Yes In excess of 200,000 GPD Columbus Department of Public Utilities Yes (Both Combined and Separate Storm Systems) Columbus Department of Public Utilities In excess of 200,000 GPD E. Natural Disaster Risk Seismic Rating Low (See Chapter 5) Tornado Rating High (See Chapter 5) Other (Flooding) Moderate (See Chapter 5) F. Man-Made Disaster Risk Moderate susceptibility to man-made disasters. Six areas of concern have been noted within the report. Site in Flight Path High concern Dam Failure Concern in regards to water supply and site access Oil Pipeline on Property High concern Traffic Incident Concern for site access and power pole damage Down Power Lines Aerial distribution is a concern for power continuity Rail Accident Low concern Military Bases (2) Low concern 7

8 LOCATION EVALUATION Wolpert Greenfield Site A. Location a. Proximity to Major Highways Favorable b. Proximity to Public Transportation Mixed c. Distance to Metropolitan Cities (<40 Miles) Very Favorable d. Proximity to Major Financial Market Hubs (< 75 fiber km) Unfavorable e. Proximity to NYC 564 miles B. Available Utility Resources a. High Voltage Electrical Services Very Favorable b. Water Favorable c. Natural Gas Favorable to Very Favorable d. Fiber Connectivity Very Favorable C. Site Logistics/Security a. Proximity to Adjoining Buildings/Property Favorable b. Ability to Fence/Secure Property Favorable c. Susceptibility to Natural Disasters Mixed d. Susceptibility to Man-Made Disasters Unfavorable e. Distance from Building Structure to Street Favorable f. Distance from Building Structure to Railroads Favorable g. Access to Public Transportation Mixed h. Access to Service Vendors (1 hour response time) Mixed to Favorable i. Access to Fuel Favorable j. Weather Favorable k. Air Quality Favorable D. Property a. Available Yard Space for Mission Critical Facility Equip. Very Favorable b. Paved Surfaces/Parking Very Favorable c. Provisions for Future Expansion Favorable E. Area Demographics a. Population Density Favorable b. Workforce and Talent Pool Favorable c. Housing Very Favorable d. Employment and Income Statistics Very Favorable e. Local Government and Services Favorable f. School District and Higher Education Very Favorable Very Favorable Favorable Mixed Unfavorable 8

9 Chapter 1 - Overview Data Center Options & Layouts For illustrative and analytical purposes, a feasibility test was conducted to assess and model the site s capacity to accommodate a prototypical data center with these attributes: Total building size - approximately 188,122 gross square feet (GSF) Building dimensions by Tilt-up construction with pre-cast concrete walls Slab to beam clear height - 36 Column spacing - 52 on center longitudinally by 50 laterally Two analyses were performed to maximize the building s white space yield: 1. Enterprise model - In an enterprise model, the objective is to achieve the most amount of power with the highest redundancy. 2. Co-location model - In a co-location model, the objective is to get the most amount of white space at moderate densities. Redundancy is a secondary function. The layouts illustrated are diagrammatic and are used for graphical representation to show the inherent differences between the enterprise and co-location scenarios. They are not intended to be precise representations. For example, the layouts do not take into account egress and minor inefficient space. However, they do demonstrate a fairly accurate estimate for potential yields and, experience has shown, are accurate to within five percent. Variables A number of variables have been factored into the feasibility analysis. Explanations of the key variables follow, while the assumptions used by the models are documented later in this section and Chapter 3. Density - the amount of power (expressed in watts) used per square foot. Density is calculated by configuring a cabinet layout/count and multiplying it by the cabinet load then dividing by the amount of white space. Cabinet Load - the amount of power used by the equipment (servers, storage arrays, or communication equipment) contained in a given cabinet. Cabinet load is typically calculated using a weighted average. Today s cabinet average loads run between 2.5 to 7 watts per cabinet. 9

10 Critical Load (also called IT Load) - The amount of power needed to operate the computing equipment. The total critical load is used to calculate the mechanical requirements, or essential load. Redundancy - System redundancy is expressed in Tier levels: Tier I - No redundancy on the critical (IT) load or the essential load. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is sized for the IT load (N load). There is no redundancy in the mechanical plant. The emergency power system (EPS) -- i.e., the generator -- is sized for the IT and mechanical loads. This system is % reliable, with hours (1, minutes) of expected downtime per year. Tier II - N+1 redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. Single generator EPS plant for full critical and essential load % reliable, with hours ( minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier III - 2N redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. 2N redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with 1.57 hours (94.68 minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier IV - 2N+1 redundancy on the critical load, 2N redundancy on the essential load. 2N+1 redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with minutes expected downtime per year. There are several variations that can be applied to these tiers. Financial services facilities are most often modeled with Tier III redundancies. Co-location models are usually based somewhere between Tier I plus and Tier II plus. Enterprise User Model As mentioned, the first model used by this analysis was based on a design for a typical enterprise end user. 2N resiliency was assumed throughout the design for critical and essential loads. Models were based on 100W, 120W and 150W per square foot of white space. These variables were then used to calculate the parameters for a sweet spot design. There are two options for the placement of equipment: 1. Contain the majority of the mission critical equipment within the facility. 2. Place the large mission critical equipment, such as generators and the mechanical plant, outside of the building envelope. In both versions, the best design parameters were at 125W per square foot with 2N resiliency. The indoor option yielded approximately 75,000 square feet of white space 10

11 and the outdoor option yielded approximately 100,000 square feet. The total calculated electrical load was 16,615 kw for the indoor option and 23,171 kw for the outdoor option. (Calculations did not take into account inefficient space and support space such as offices. However, calculations for equipment spacing and rack layouts are rather conservative. Estimates are believed to be within +/- 5%.) Co-Location Model The co-location model assumes multiple data halls at approximately 9,900 square feet of white space. The model is based on N+1 redundancy on critical loads and N+1 redundancy on essential loads. Major mission critical equipment is placed outside of the building envelope. Results of the analysis indicate ten data halls plus additional space for back-of-house program and administrative offices can be arranged to fit inside the current spec build program. This data hall model will result in approximately 18,000 kw of total electrical load. Mission Critical Equipment 109,340 GSF 75,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.6 Enterprise Solution 1 75,000 GSF white space - 109,340 GSF mission critical equipment 11

12 Mission Critical Equipment Outdoor Space 64,658 GSF Mission Critical Equipment 86,240 GSF 100,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.7 Enterprise Solution 2 100,000 GSF white space - 86,240 GSF mission critical equipment 64,658 GSF reserved for outdoor equipment space Mission Critical Equipment Yard 10ea Co-location Data Halls Approx. 9,900 GSF White Space Each. 99,000 GSF White Space Total. Graphic 1.8 Co-location model with 10ea data halls approx. 9,900 GSF white space each. 99,000 GSF white space total. Program includes provisions for mission critical equipment inside and mission critical equipment yard outside. Item Enterprise Indoor Option Enterprise Outdoor Option Co-Location Model Total White Space (SF) 75, ,000 99,000 Total IT Load (kw) 10,395 14,850 10,968 Total N Mechanical 3,740 5,005 3,920 Plant (Tons Cooling) Total Electrical Load 16,615 23,171 17,487 (kw) Redundancy Criteria 2N 2N 2N Table 1.3 Data center design options 12

13 Other Considerations Several scenarios and types of mission critical facilities were analyzed in an attempt to maximize the site s fullest potential and greatest raised floor (white space) yield. Note, however, that the three biggest upfront hurdles/costs associated with data center development are: 1. The electrical service delivery, 2. The Fat Pipe fiber delivery, and 3. Planning permission for the required specialty equipment. These items must be taken into consideration and incorporated into the site s pro forma. Free Cooling Although not considered in the modeling, the weather, climate and air quality in the Hilliard area are conducive to the possibility of using free cooling for a Mission Critical facility. Temperatures and climate are rather mild. Hilliard s Air Quality Index (as given by the U.S. EPA) is 39 (Good), slightly better than the national average of 40. (Lower numbers indicate less pollution.) Chapter 2 includes additional details. Co-Generation It is estimated that a mission critical facility designed at 100W per square foot would require an electrical service in excess of 20 MW. Co-generation is an entirely plausible alternative for power and cooling at this location. A Combined Heat and Power cogeneration system (CHP) could be an alternative technology to augment the power requirements for the development. In a CHP system, electricity is generated by a primary fuel source such as oil, natural gas, methane, refuse, pellets, etc. The byproduct of this process is heat. The exhaust heat is captured through a series of heat exchangers which can be used to produce steam, hot water, or the hot gas which can be used directly for cooling. A combination of all three can also be incorporated where portions of the waste heat are directed to manufacture multiple byproducts for different applications. The characteristics of this site would allow for co-generation. 13

14 Graphic 1.9 Aerial view of data center on site Graphic 1.10 Rendering of data center at WGS 14

15 Graphic 1.11 Secondary rendering of data center at WGS Graphic 1.12 Cut away view of data center 15

16 Graphic 1.13 Cut away rendering of data center Graphic 1.14 Birds eye view of data center 16

17 Graphic 1.15 Cut sections of data center Data Center Modeling Summary Ultimately, the initial modeling estimates for the WGS location project a potential 75,000 SF to 100,000 SF white space build-out. The major upfront cost and shell provisions that must be incorporated into either an enterprise or co-location model are: A. Electrical Service i. Initial utility cost and time of delivery ii. Cost of the 138 kv or 69kV switchgear and substations iii. Operational cost 1. Maintenance 2. Utility usage rates B. Fiber Provisions i. Cost of the future point of presence (POP) room ii. Empty raceways and points of entry (POE) iii. Service providers C. Master Plan Provisions i. Future provisions for multiple data center development ii. Empty raceways iii. Support space iv. Additional building hardening required for mission critical development v. Alternate access to site vi. Provisions for flood mitigation vii. Provisions to avoid the oil distribution pipeline See Chapter 3 for design calculations. 17

18 Infrastructure Services Electrical Currently, besides a small 120V temporary electric service, there is no electric service at this site. However, there are several ways to deliver the capacious electrical service required for a mission critical facility. Along the eastern border of the site, there is a utility right of way for AEP Ohio s 138kV Roberts Bethel transmission service route. 138kV can be provided in a single circuit, single contingency service or dual circuit, redundant service to the Wolpert site. The dual circuit 138kV service can be fed from two diverse substations, the Roberts and Bethel substations. In addition there is 69kV service in close proximity to the site. 69kV service can be derived from the Bethel Hilliard 69kV transmission service. A dual circuit, redundant 69kV service can be provided. Either service is capable of providing reliable service in excess of 20MW (Megawatts). It is quite possible that multiple circuits at 13.2kV can be delivered from the Davidson substation, which is located directly across Interstate Route 270 from the site. Typically, a 13.2 kv circuit is limited to between 5 and 6 MW in capacity. The limiting factor for capacity is distance from the substation and the size and type of the incoming feeders. Since the substation is relatively close by, approximately 650 feet, it could be possible for each circuit to deliver between 10 12MW of power. Graphic 1.16 Map of AEP s transmission network 18

19 Graphic 1.17 Close up of AEP s transmission network Graphic 1.18 Map showing substation locations 19

20 Graphic 1.19 AEP Bethel Rd. substation Graphic 1.20 AEP Davidson Rd. substation 20

21 Graphic 1.21 Diagram of proposed AEP primary utility service Photo kV feeds into Davidson substation Photo 1.2 View of 138kV latticework and circuits on property right of way 21

22 Photo 1.3 View of Davidson substation Photo 1.4 Alternate view of Davidson substation Photo 1.5 Incoming 138kV circuits to the Davidson substation Photo 1.6 View of expansion area of Davidson substation Photo 1.7 View of 69kV network along Davidson Ave., west of the WGS 22

23 Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure There are several metro rings and long haul fiber carriers within close proximity to the Wolpert Greenfield Site. Some of the fiber routes travel directly on Davidson Rd., in front of the site. These carriers would be able to provide adequate bandwidth to satisfy the communications requirements of a data center or other mission critical facility. The general corridor for fiber runs along Interstate Routes 270 and 670. The route connects Cleveland, OH to Cincinnati, OH with Columbus (Hilliard) OH in between. The route to Cincinnati continues on to Indianapolis, IN and then on to Chicago, IL. Cincinnati OH has direct low latency networks directly to NYC and Washington D.C.. Major points of presence (POPs) are located within Hilliard, OH (4055 Columbia St.), Upper Arlington, OH (4646 Reed Rd.), Westerville, OH and Columbus, OH. Both the Hilliard and Upper Arlington POPs are within close proximity to the site, 3 and 4 miles respectively. The downtown carrier exchanges within Columbus are less than 10 fiber miles away. The build-out for new fiber infrastructure for the Wolpert site is literally at the sites doorstep. A mission critical facility could offer carriers the ability to interconnect and have a secondary POP at this location. There should be no major obstacles in delivering high bandwidth fiber infrastructure to the Wolpert site. Fiber infrastructure is diversely run both aerially and subterranean at this location. In and out diverse pathways can easily be installed. Fiber maps and searches indicate almost every major metro and long haul provider is within close proximity to the WGS. In addition, Verizon has a central office located directly across route 270. A site survey was performed to identify fiber infrastructure in and around the WGS. Several fiber circuits and providers were identified. See Chapter 4 for additional information. 23

24 4646 Reed Rd. Upper Arlington POP 4055 Columbia St. Hilliard POP Downtown Columbus Exchanges Graphic 1.22 Map showing POP and regeneration sites Chicago Cleveland Indianapolis Graphic 1.23 Diagram of proposed AEP primary utility service 24

25 Graphic 1.24 Fiber map of area Graphic 1.25 Fiber map of area 25

26 Photo 1.8 Pull boxes along utility right of way Photo 1.9 Aerial fiber cable in front of site Photo 1.10 Fiber services coming down pole Photo 1.11 Underground fiber services Photo 1.12 View of Verizon facility Photo 1.13 Underground fiber markers 26

27 Photo 1.14 Underground fiber manholes Photo 1.15 Underground fiber manholes Gas There is a 4 medium pressure (55 PSI) natural gas line that runs along Davidson Rd. Typically a medium pressure service such as the one on Davidson Rd. is sufficiently sized for most business and light industrial requirements. This service would be sufficiently sized for a mission critical facility s back of house requirements. It was indicated this service has current demand 80,000 cubic feet per hour (MCFH). There is a 20 high pressure natural gas distribution line that runs along the western side of Route I-270. This natural gas distribution service could be utilized for cogeneration requirements. A dedicated 4 natural gas line and revenue meter would have to be installed from this station, across the highway, and to within the site. This distribution service could possibly be used for a co-generation system. Photo 1.16 Buried natural gas pipeline markers 27

28 Water Water service is provided by the Columbus Department of Public Utilities. The main source of water serving the WGS and the greater surrounding area is from the Griggs and O Shaughnessy reservoirs. The two reservoirs were created by the construction of two dams, the Griggs and O Shaughnessy dams, across the Scioto River. The dams were constructed early in the 20 th century. The combined capacity of the two reservoirs is nearly 8 billion gallons. The Division of Power and Water, a division within the Columbus Department of Public Works, has 3 water treatment facilities in the water distribution network, the Dublin Rd Water Plant, the Happ Cremean Water Plant, and the Parsons Ave. Water Plant. Together the plants deliver an average of 122 million gallons of water per day. The Dublin Rd. Water Plant supplies water to the WGS and the surrounding area. According to the City of Hilliard Engineering maps, there is a 12 water main that runs along Davidson Rd. At the time of this report s writing, there was no information gathered regarding the exact details of the water supply and water delivery capacities in and around the WGS. It was indicated the system can deliver a water service to the site in excess of 200,000 gallons per day. Graphic 1.26 Water treatment network 28

29 Sewer Wastewater and sewer service is provided by the Columbus Department of Public Utilities. The Division of Sewage and Drainage, a division of the Columbus Department of Public Utilities, has two sewage treatment facilities, the Jackson Pike Sewage Treatment Facility and the Southerly Sewage Treatment Facility. The two facilities treat an average of 208 million gallons of sewage per day. The Jackson Pike facility, built in 1935, is the older and smaller of the two facilities. The Southerly facility was built in The sewage network has both separate and combined storm and sewage networks. The older communities and areas by Ohio State University have combined systems whereas the newer developed sections in the network have separate storm / sewage networks. According to the City of Hilliard Engineering maps, there is an 18 sanitary sewer main that runs along Davidson Rd. In addition, there is a separate 15 storm water drain. At the time of this report s writing, there was no information gathered regarding the exact details of the storm water of the sewage drainage system. It was indicated the wastewater / storm system can handle discharges in excess of 200,000 gallons per day. 29

30 Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk Generally speaking, this site has moderate exposure to natural disasters that could affect the continuous operation of a mission critical facility. Its exposure to tornado activity and flooding is higher than optimal. Data center operators must also consider the potential for natural disasters to impact aerial distribution infrastructure and modes of transportation. Seismic Hilliard has a 0.04 index rating for earthquakes. This information is from algorithms calculated by the USGS. The U.S. average, in comparison, is 1.8, and the state of Ohio has a rating of This site s rating is extremely low and favorable to the placement of a mission critical facility. Recent seismic activity was recorded on February 19, 1995 which occurred 65.6 miles from the city center, with a magnitude of 3.6 on the Richter Scale. Largest Seismic Events within 50-Mile Radius of Site Over Past 50 Years Magnitude (Richter Scale) Distance from Site Date miles March 8, 1967 Table 1.4 Seismic events See Chapter 5 for additional information. Tornados Hilliard has a tornado index rating of , compared with a U.S. average of and for the state of Ohio. These ratings are from algorithms calculated by the USGS. Compared to the rest of the country, this site has a high risk of tornado activity. Within the statistical data set of a 50-year period within a 50-mile radius of the site, there have been a total of 68 tornado events, all with a magnitude rating of 2 or above on the Fujita scale. The closest tornado event occurred 1.9 miles away in Franklin County on May 5, The storm caused an estimated $2.5 million worth of damage across an area of approximately 2 miles. The most recent record of tornado activity occurred September 30

31 16, This event happened in Perry County approximately 47.6 miles away. There was $500,000 worth of damage recorded in this tornado incident. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Flooding According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency s (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), portions of the site are within Flood Zone X. As stated on the FIRM map legend Flood Zone X includes areas of 0.2% annual chance of flood; areas of 1% annual chance of flood with average depths of less than 1 foot or with drainage areas less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 1% annual chance of flood. Flood Zone X represents moderate flood hazard, usually the area between the limits of the 100-year and 500- year floods. Flood Zone X is also used to designate base floodplains of lesser hazards, such as areas protected by levees from 100-year flood, or shallow flooding areas with average depths of less than one foot or drainage areas less than 1 square mile. Graphic 1.27a Page 1 of FEMA s FIRM map showing parts of WGS in Flood Zone X (the site being at risk somewhere between a 100-year and 500-year event). The site is divided between 2 flood maps. 31

32 Graphic 1.27b Page 2 of FEMA s FIRM map showing parts of WGS in Flood Zone X (the site being at risk somewhere between a 100-year and 500-year event). The site is divided between 2 flood maps. Excessive rainfalls may result in flooding of the areas in and around the WGS. The Scioto River has been documented to have caused flood issues downstream of the WGS. Extreme Weather Events Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest concern. Based on the evaluation of the site in regards to these risks, the site is moderately susceptible to such extreme weather events. See Chapter 5 for a more detailed listing of the history of extreme weather events in Hilliard. 32

33 Man-Made Disaster Risk The Wolpert Greenfield Site s susceptibility to man-made disasters is moderate. There are several areas of concern that were discovered during this review. There are three sections highlighted below that give an overview of these potential risks. The Superfund Sites and the Neighboring Activities were deemed as low risk for this site. The Other Man-Made Risks section outlines areas found during the analysis that pose a more substantial risk. Superfund Sites Superfund Sites is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) environmental program for addressing abandoned hazardous waste sites. A search on the EPA s database for superfund sites within the state of Ohio resulted in 17 sites within Franklin County. The Superfund Sites closest to the Wolpert Greenfield site pose either no risk or very low risk to the site. The closest site, the California Mercury Spill Site is listed as cleaned up as of 12/18/2003. According to EPA records this was a small accidental spill and was remediated by an emergency clean up. The additional EPA sites listed are approximately 7.5 miles away and are low risk incidents or users. An example is the Columbus Auto Parts store listed in the EPA data base. A cleanup was performed for a small amount of petroleum based products. The site was remediated in All information regarding the site was archived in However, the site still remains in the EPA database. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Neighboring Activities A search on the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Facility Registration System (FRS) database listed several facilities in the immediate area that currently -- or have previously -- housed, stored, or manufactured substances that may be hazardous to health or affect the environment. These facilities could pose a low to moderate risk to a data center at the site. From the information stored within the EPA s FRS database, we found no major facilities that could potentially have an immediate man-made risk to a mission critical facility at the Wolpert Greenfield Site. Some of the facilities listed in the database were actually middle and elementary schools. These facilities are listed as Hazardous Waste Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators. This more or less means the facility is registered because they can or have generated less than 1 kilogram of acutely 33

34 hazardous waste in a calendar month. A 1-gallon canister of paint falls into this category. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Other Man-Made Risks Additional man-made risks that could potentially impact the continuous operation of a data center are: A) The Wolpert Greenfield Site is in the immediate flight path of the Ohio State University Airport. The Ohio State University Airport is approximately 2.8 miles away. One of the runways is in the direct path of the WGS. The OSU Airport is the state s 5 th busiest. The OSU Airport is also used as a general aviation reliever for the Port Columbus International Airport. B) A catastrophic failure of O Shaughnessy Dam The O Shaughnessy Dam was constructed in 1925 and holds back approximately 6 billion gallons of water. A catastrophic failure of this structure would result in widespread flooding and major impacts to the surrounding area s water supply. C) Oil Pipeline There is a major oil pipeline that runs along the western border of the property. A rupture of this pipeline at or near the WGS could have severe impacts to the operation of a mission critical facility at this site. D) A catastrophic failure of the Griggs Dam The Griggs Dam was constructed in 1905 and holds back approximately 1.2 billion gallons of water. Although downstream of the WGS, a catastrophic failure of this structure would have major impacts to the surrounding area s water supply. E) Major traffic accident on Interstate Rt. 270 or Davidson Rd.- A large accident on either of the main thoroughfares could potentially impact the continuous operation of a facility at the WGS. The effects of such an event could range from not being able to access the site because of extended road closures, to a power or communications disruption due to a vehicle collision with a utility pole. F) Downed overhead power lines Downed power lines from either the 138kV network that abuts the Wolpert Greenfield Site or the power lines that immediately cross the entrance to the Wolpert Greenfield Site could adversely affect operations of a mission critical facility. G) A major rail accident There is a major active rail line approximately 1.15 miles away from the Wolpert Greenfield Site. The rail line is buffered from the WGS by Interstate Rt Even though the rail line is a reasonable distance away from the WGS, the risk of interrupted operation by a rail incident is still present. A major rail incident could have major impacts to the surrounding area including the main thoroughfare of Rt H) Military Bases Beightler Armory is the headquarters for the Ohio National Guard and the Ohio Emergency Management Center. This base abuts the Ohio State University Airport which is less than 3 miles away from the WGS. In addition, Rickenbacker International Airport is located approximately 17 miles 34

35 away. The airport is a joint civilian / military airport which is home to the Ohio Air National Guard s 121 st Air Refueling Wing. Large cargo aircraft and KC 135 Stratotankers fly into and are based at this facility. The Marine Corps and Navy Air Reserves have facilities at Rickenbacker Airport. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Fire and Rescue Services Norwich Township Fire Department provides fire prevention, suppression and Emergency Medical Services to the residents of Hilliard. There are three stations with a total of 86 full-time fire fighters. This includes an administrative staff of seven people responsible for programs, training and Emergency Medical Services. Norwich Fire Station 83 is located on the property adjacent to WGS. The next closest fire department or rescue squad is Norwich Station 81, approximately 2 miles away. Norwich Station 82 is approximately 6 miles away from the site. Graphic 1.28 Map of fire and rescue resources Police and Crime Index There are 63 full-time law enforcement employees including 47 officers in Hilliard. This is broken down into two bureaus, the Field Operations Bureau and the Support Services Bureau. Based on a set of complex algorithms calculated by the FBI, Hilliard, OH s Crime Index 35

36 Rating is 1, This is compared to the state of Ohio s Crime Index Rating of 1, The state has a lower rating than the nation (1,809.24), but the city of Hilliard has a rating that is well below both. Historically, the city of Hilliard s Crime Index Rating has been substantially below the national and state average. Public Transportation In general, public transportation to the site is very limited. This may have a bearing on business continuity due to access for employees and the service vendors needed to maintain a mission critical facility. The nearest major international commercial airport is in Columbus, OH, Port Columbus International Airport. The airport is approximately 20 miles away, which is a 30-minute drive from the WGS. There is direct domestic service from the airport to the major cities including; Charlotte, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Atlanta, Washington D.C., Baltimore, Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago and New York with other major cities included which are not shown on this list. Rail service is very limited in that the nearest station with service to Washington D.C. or New York is at least 90 miles away in South Shore, KY. As far as public transportation within and around the immediate area is concerned, the Central Ohio Transit Authority Bus Service is present. It offers bus service throughout the city of Columbus and has express service to the city of Hilliard. The red line or Route 67 bus offers the closest service to the WGS. This route provides access to downtown Columbus and has access to other routes which provide access to anywhere in central Ohio. There is also service to Port Columbus International Airport. Greyhound runs regular bus service from the airport to Washington, DC and Chicago. The routes take over 20 hours. See Chapter 5 for additional information. 36

37 Specific Mission Critical Support Normally, mission critical facilities require a 4-hour response time for support services. Since there is a concentration of mission critical facilities in Columbus, OH, which is only approximately 15 minutes away from the Hilliard area, the vendors that provide support services are within a 4-hour radius. Spare parts and equipment stock are readily available, which is a key component when locating a mission critical facility. The following list of companies and services is intended only to illustrate their proximity to the proposed site and should not be interpreted as an endorsement. Fuel Oil Delivery Companies McWherter Petroleum Services Ross St, Delaware, OH Great Lakes Petroleum Cleveland, OH Hub Mechanical Contractors Bruner Lacon Rd, Hilliard, OH Applied Mechanical Systems Metro Place North, Dublin, OH TP Mechanical Contractors Franklin Rd, Columbus, OH Electrical Contractors M.G. Abbott Inc. Elbright Rd, Canal Winchester, OH Bob Waibel and Son Electric Company Miller Ave, Winchester, OH Master Electrical Service of Columbus Summit St, Columbus, OH Generator Providers Ohio Cat (Caterpillar) Walcutt Ct, Columbus, OH 37

38 Cummins Bridgeway, LLC Lyman Dr, Hilliard, OH W.W. Williams Co. Inc. (MTU Detroit Diesel) Parkway La, Hilliard, OH HVAC Providers Columbus OH Commercial/Industrial/Institutional Trane (Sales Office) CityGate Dr, Columbus, OH Herbert & Conway, Inc (Baltimore Air Coil) Huntley Rd, Columbus, OH Gahanna Heating and Cooling (York) 17th Ave, Columbus, OH Critical Equipment Emerson (Liebert) Accu Tech Corp (Distributor) International St, Columbus, OH Acuative (Solutions Provider) Dow Cir, Strongsville, OH Eaton Corp King Ave, Columbus, OH Stulz Climatic Systems (Sales Rep) Alexis Rd, Toledo, OH Schneider Electric (APC) Greensource Distribution Inc. (Elite Partner) American Way, Monroe, OH 38

39 Demographic Benchmark Results As part of the site analysis, the host community s demographics were benchmarked against the demographics of other U.S. locations that host a concentration of data centers and other mission critical facilities. Generally speaking, data centers tend to locate in areas with a high concentration of working couples without children, a strong economy and a vast talent pool. In almost all categories, the area surrounding Wolpert Greenfield Site was found to have similar, or more advantageous, indicators. The following table highlights some of the characteristics considered. Note: Deviations from the benchmark are not necessarily an indication that the area is unable to support a data center, nor is alignment with the benchmark a guarantee of success. Rather, the benchmarking exercise is intended to serve as a guide in understanding how the Wolpert Greenfield Site differs from other data center locations. These differences may or may not be relevant depending on the labor needs of the potential user. Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. See Chapter 6 for additional information regarding the Hilliard area demographics. 39

40 Select Demographic Benchmarks Characteristic Benchmark Average Hilliard Average population 70,321 28,435 Average density (people per square mile) 3, , Population growth rate 5.10% 17.35% Percentage female/male 48.94%/51.06% 51.16%/48.84% Average median income $46,915 $42,814 Male $58,744 $55,327 Female $39,507 $34,148 Median age Racial diversity (non-white population) 42.73% 11.46% Place of birth In-state 47.46% 67.21% Out-of-state 28.83% 26.02% Foreign country 24.21% 5.80% Primary language spoken at home English 64.23% 89.28% Other (includes Spanish, Indo % 10.72% European, Asian and Pacific Islander languages and Other) Average household size Marital status Currently married (over age 15) 55% 62.49% Never married (over age 15) 31% 24.04% Housing Owner occupied 62.34% 75.95% Current mortgage 81.65% 84.97% Median value, owner occupied $412,375 $209,300 Rental as percentage of total units 33.69% 19.92% Average rental price $1,000-$1,499 $700-$999 Population below poverty level 7.25% 4.23% Student to teacher ratio 16:1 18:1 Table 1.5 Demographics comparison By using the benchmark data set and comparing it to the WGS location, certain factors stand out that should be noted. Population growth in Hilliard is a staggering 17.35% which is a great indicator to the overall health of the area. Everything else considered Hilliard compares very well demographically with the benchmark data. 40

41 Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather 41

42 Site Location Wolpert Greenfield Site is located in Hilliard, OH. It is approximately 9 miles northwest of Columbus, OH. The other nearest neighboring cities are Dublin and Upper Arlington, ranging in distance from 4 to 7 miles north and northeast along I-270. Logistically, the WGS is located close to the center of the state of Ohio. The closest major metropolitan hub is Columbus, OH which is a major hub for data centers and telecommunications. Cleveland, OH which is another hub for data centers and telecommunications is approximately 144 miles away. The WGS is almost directly equidistant between Cleveland, OH and Cincinnati, OH. The WGS is approximately 564 miles away from NYC and the major financial hubs. City Distance (Miles) Cleveland, OH 144 Atlanta, GA 440 Baltimore, MD 351 Cincinnati, OH 108 Indianapolis, IN 163 Columbus, OH 9 Greensboro, NC 329 Knoxville, TN 286 Raleigh, NC 384 Richmond, VA 352 Washington, DC 335 Chicago, IL 266 New York City 564 Table 1.6 Distances to major cities from the WGS Graphic 1.29 and 1.30 Maps showing WGS in relation to state and the city of Hilliard 42

43 WGS Graphic 1.31 Map showing location of WGS WGS Graphic 1.32 Aerial map view of WGS 43

44 Photo 1.17 View of Rt.270 Current Utilization Of the 47.5 acres of the site, there are portions of the site that would not be of use or able to be allocated for mission critical facility development. One area is the small stream that runs parallel to Davidson Rd. Setbacks and buffer zones will apply for site sizing and layouts. Also, there is the right of way for the utility s power lines that border the sites eastern border. Surrounding Uses The Wolpert Greenfield Site is bordered by Interstate Route 270 on its western side. There is a residential development directly past the utility right of way on the site s eastern and northern borders. There is a small undeveloped tract of land that is not part of the WGS that may be allocated for residential development. To the south lies Davidson Road. On the opposite side of Davidson Road is small commercial development. Businesses located in this area include a medical center, corporate offices for a pipe manufacturing company, and a wedding banquet hall, The Four Seasons Columbus. The outlying areas around the WGS to the north, east, and south are primarily residential. To the west and partly to the south are small commercial developments. Key neighboring features to the WGS are AEP s Davidson Substation and a central office for Verizon. Both the Davidson Substation and Verizon central office are 600 directly across Interstate Route

45 Field Survey The WGS is a flat, grassy, cleared pasture. The field survey included a tour of Lot 1, which is the largest available site. The site is currently unleveled and has some unique features which would need to be addressed during the development process: 1. The site would require setbacks and buffer zones to have the mission critical facility not be within the flood zone and wetlands area. 2. The site would need to have adequate distances between the substation and the mission critical facility. Utility access and clearances will have to be taken into consideration. 3. Adequate buffer needs to be installed on the western side of the property that borders Interstate Route There is only one entrance into the site which can be a risk factor for a mission critical facility. The one entrance also crosses utility infrastructure and small waterway that could potentially flood. Photos 1.18, 1.19 and 1.20 Panoramic views of Lot 1 scanning north to west Photos 1.21, 1.22 and 1.23 Panoramic views of Lot 1 scanning northwest to north Photos 1.24, 1.25 and 1.26 Panoramic views scanning north to east 45

46 Photos 1.27, 1.28 and 1.29 Panoramic views scanning east to southeast Photo 1.30 Looking north, Photos 1.31 and 1.32 Looking south Graphic 1.33 Aerial view showing photo locations 46

47 Climate and Weather Average Annual Weather Statistics Hilliard OH U.S. Average Temp (Deg. F) Precipitation (%) Average Number Days with.1 or More Inches of Precipitation Snow (Inches) Average Number Days with.1 or More Inches of Snow Humidity (%) Wind Speed (MPH) *Source USGS Table 1.6 Average annual weather statistics from historical weather data The weather and climate for Hilliard is rather temperate which lends itself to the possibility of using free cooling for a mission critical facility. Free cooling is the use of the ambient outdoor temperature to cool the facility s critical load. Air quality is another factor to consider when attempting to design a facility to use a free cooling mode. Air Quality The USEPA uses the following index to assess the air quality of a particular locality. The index is a culmination of several aspects and variables of the quality of air. For each aspect and variable, the higher number will reflect in an increased rating on the Air Quality Index. Below is chart identifying the USEPA Air Quality Index. Some of the variables and aspects that are reflected in the AQI are Total Suspended Particulates, Amount of Lead, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone, Particulate Matter (PM10), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5). 47

48 Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors 0 to 50 Good Green 51 to 100 Moderate Yellow 101 to 150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Orange 151 to 200 Unhealthy Red 201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple 301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon Table 1.7 AQI Index Levels, Source USEPA The higher rating on the index, the more likely adverse health effects will affect the general local population. The air quality for the community of Hilliard has drastically improved over history, as have state and national conditions. In 1999 the general area had an AQI rating of 56, whereas the state of Ohio had an AQI mean average of 54 and the national mean average AQI rating was 45. Today Hilliard has an average AQI rating below both the state and national averages. The AQI average for the area resides at 39 while the state and national average is at approximately 40. This data is relevant for the fresh air intake mission critical facilities require as well as the option for free cooling. Not only is this to be considered when cooling a facility, but also how it will affect servers operation or fiber optic connectivity. The amount of pollutants in the air will also affect the usable life of the cooling equipment. The filters and coils would be greatly degraded if the air quality is poor. 48

49 Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Prototypical Colocation Data Center Design 49

50 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Prototypical Data Center Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities IT Load Calculations 90,000 90,000 90,000 Design Sweet Spot Design Sweet Spot Notes & Comments White Space White Space White Space Interior Option Exterior Option 100w per SF 120w per SF 150w per SF 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc. Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW , , Number of Server Cabinets EA 2, , , , , Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW 8, , , , , TOTAL IT LOAD KW 9, , , , , Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% Total Design KW Total amount of Cabinets / Racks EA 2, , , , , Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 60, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Total used White Space SF 81, , , , , Average White SF per Cab SF Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF 188, , , , ,000 Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 9, , , , , Interior Space Required for an Indoor Equipment Option SF 104, , , , , Total Interior Space Required for an Indoor Option SF 194, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint SF -6, , , , , Indoor options would require a Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Equipment Option SF 60, , , , , reduction of program or redundcy Total Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Option SF 150, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint (Calcs do not include inefficient space). SF 37, , , , , Calcs do not take into consideration inefficient space or support space Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 9,000, ,800, ,500, ,375, ,500, Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Total Required Load KW 15, , , , , Total Required Load KVA 19, , , , , Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, , , , , Number of Transformers EA Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Total Required Space SF 8, , , , , Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 2, , , , , UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capacity "N" KW 9, , , , , UPS Redundancy KW 2N 18, , , , , Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA Modules per System EA Total Number of Systems EA Total Capacity per System KVA 2, , , , , Total Capacity per System KW 2, , , , , Total Capacity KVA 20, , , , , Total Capacity KW 18, , , , , Total Spare Capacity KW , /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

51 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA 4, , , , , Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, , , , , Number of Systems EA Total Required Equipment Space SF 10, , , , , Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, , , , , Total Required Battery Space SF 23, , , , , Total required UPS Space SF 34, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 10, , , , , PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) N EA Total PDU(s) at 2N EA Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF 9, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 4, , , , , Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Unit Rating KW 2, , , , , Total Load KW 15, , , , , Number of N units KW System Capacity KW 18, , , , , Spare Capacity on "N" KW 2, , , Configuration 2N Total # of Generators EA Generator Paralleling Switchgear EA Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA Total Footprint of Generator SF 12, , , , , Allow for Supplementary Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralleling Switchgear lineups EA Total Required Space SF 2, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA Required Fuel Storage Gal 46, , , , , Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal Day Tank Volume Total Gal 2, , , , , Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal 45, , , , , Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Solution) Configuration 2N Computer Equipment Tons 3, , , , , Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc. Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns 3, , , , , Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA Number of Redundant Chillers EA Total Number of Chillers EA Total System Tonns 7, , , , , /6/2012 Page 2 of 3

52 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Number of Chillers EA Total Required Space for Chillers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Cooling Equipment SF 5, , , , , CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA number of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N for Equipment Rooms EA Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 12, , , , , Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns Number of Cooling Towers EA Total CT Capacity Tonns 3, , , , , Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr. Gal per T Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal 190, , , , , Proposed Tank Gal 60, , , , , Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, , , , , Number of Cooling Towers EA Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 10, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 3, , , , , Outdoor SF 2, , , , , UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 44, , , , , Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 17, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 4, , , , , Outdoor SF 12, , , , , Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF 2, , , , , Chiller Space Allocation SF 23, , , , , Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF Outdoor SF 18, , , , , CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF 4, , , , , PDU Space Allocation SF 4, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 104, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF 20, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 60, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 58, , , , , /6/2012 Page 3 of 3

53 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option Prototypical Co-Location DataCenter Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities Total Load (with redundant Typical Data Hall systems - spare capacity IT Load Calculations 10,000 0 White Space 100W + Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW 2.50 Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW Number of Server Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW TOTAL IT LOAD KW 1, Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% 5.50 Total Design KW Total ammonut of Cabinets / Racks EA Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 8, Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Total used White Space SF 9, Average White SF per Cab SF Data Hall ,000 White Space Area Units 100W Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 1, Notes & Comments Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 1,150, Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Total Required Load KW 1, Total Required Load KVA 1, Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, Number of Transformers EA 1.00 Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Total Required Space SF 1, Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

54 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capcity "N" KW 1, UPS Redundancy KW N+1 1, Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA 3.00 Modules per System EA 3.00 Total Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Capacity per System KVA 1, Total Capacity per System KW 1, Total Capacity KVA 1, Total Capacity KW 1, Total Spare Capacity KW Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA 3.00 System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Required Equipment Space SF 1, Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, Total Required Battery Space SF 2, Total required UPS Space SF 3, Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 1, PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) EA 4.00 Redundant PDU(s) for A & B distribution EA 4.00 Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA 8.00 Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Unit Rating KW 2, Total Load KW 1, Number of N units KW 1.00 System Capacity KW 2, Spare Capacity on "N" KW Configuration N Total # of Generators EA 2.00 Generator Paralelling Switchgear EA 0.00 Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA 0.00 Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA 2.00 Total Footprint of Generator SF 1, Allow for Suplimentry Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralling Switchgear lineups EA 0.00 Total Required Space SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA 1.00 Required Fuel Storage Gal 4, Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal 3, Day Tank Volume Total Gal Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal Time Extra / Short Full load Hrs Delta is Hrs short per PG Lineup if redundant Gennie is used. 12/6/2012 Page 2 of 3

55 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Soultion) Configuration N+1 On Entire Phase 1 System Computer Equipment Tons Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA 1.00 Number of Redundant Chillers EA 0.00 Total Number of Chillers EA 1.00 Total System Tonns Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Number of Chillers EA 2.00 Total Required Space for Chillers SF 2, Allowance for Supplimentary Cooloing Equipment SF CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA 8.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA 2.00 Number of Redundant CRAC for Concurrent maintainability EA 2.00 numbe of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA 1.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N EA 3.00 Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 1, Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF 4.00 Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Air Cooled Solution Provided Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns N/A Number of Cooling Towers EA N/A Total CT Capacity Tonns Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr Gal per T 2.20 Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal 0.00 Proposed Tank Gal Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, Number of Cooling Towers EA N/A Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 4, Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF 1, Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF Chiller Space Allocation SF 2, Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF 0.00 Outdoor SF 0.00 CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF PDU Space Allocation SF Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 10, Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 5, Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 4, /14/2013 Page 3 of 3

56 Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details 56

57 Fiber Carrier: Bluemile Inc. Address: 7775 Walton Parkway Suite #200 New Albany, Ohio General Phone: (866) Web Site Carrier Profile: National optical and IP network, highly redundant data centers and an enterprise cloud infrastructure. Specialties: Data, Colocation, Cloud, Voice, Telecom, Virtual, Backup, Compute, VPS, Redundant, Storage, Disaster Recovery, Host Fiber Carrier: Columbus Fibernet Address: 1366 Dublin Road Columbus, OH General Phone: (614) Web Site Carrier Profile: Columbus FiberNet (CFN) is a metropolitan duct system for broadband service providers in greater Central Ohio. Specialties: Broadband Network Infrastructure, Data Center Connectivity for Cloud Computing and Disaster Recovery, Fiber Optic Cable Installation & Splicing, Engineering, Surveying, Permitting, and Right of Way Management, Emergency Fiber Restoration & Repair Fiber Carrier: Verizon Business Address: One Verizon Way Basking Ridge, NJ General Phone: (908) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Specialties: Global IT, security, and communication solutions IT, Security, Communications, and Network Solutions 57

58 Fiber Carrier: AT&T Address: 208 S. Akard St. Dallas, TX General Phone: (800) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Wireless service, high speed internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services Specialties: Hosting Solutions Wireless Services, ecommerce, U-Verse, Enterprise Applications & Managed Fiber Carrier: DRS LLC. Address: 1343 Belmont Avenue Youngstown,OH General Phone: (877) General Fax (614) Web Site Specialties: Data Center, Managed Services, Networking, Colocation, Cloud Computing, VOIP, Disaster Recovery, Business Continuity, Application Development, Fiber Optics and High Speed Bandwidth Carrier Profile: An information technology consulting firm and service provider specializing in Cloud Services, Managed Services, data center operations, and network infrastructure deployment including local area networks, wide area networks, VoIP and connectivity. Fiber Carrier: Centurylink Address: 100 CenturyLink Drive Monroe, LA General Phone: (800) Web Site Specialties: Voice, Broadband, Digital TV, Wireless, Home security, Managed services Carrier Profile: CenturyLink is the third largest telecommunications company in the United States. The company provides broadband, voice, wireless and managed services to consumers and businesses across the country. It also offers advanced entertainment services under the CenturyLinkTM PrismTM TV and DIRECTV brands. In addition, the company provides data, voice and managed services 58

59 to enterprise, government and wholesale customers in local, national and select international markets through its high-quality advanced fiber optic network and multiple data centers. Fiber Carrier: Fibertech Networks Address: 300 Meridian Centre Rochester, NY General Phone: (585) General Fax (585) Web Site Specialties: Data connectivity, faster Internet access and other broadband applications. Carrier Profile: Fibertech is a leader in building and operating fiber optic networks throughout mid-size cities in the Eastern and Central regions of the United States. Fiber Carrier: Global Crossing Address: Wessex House 45 Reid St. Hamilton, CA HM 12 Bermuda General Phone: (44) Web Site Specialties: IPVPN, VoIP, IP Video, Collaboration, IP Convergence, MPLS, IPv6, Ethernet, VPLS, Unified Communications, Data Networks, IP Networks, Private Lines Carrier Profile: Global Crossing was founded in 1997 based on the concept and promise of IP convergence of voice, data and video traffic. It was an idea ahead of its time. Global Crossing led the way in IP services with the first global deployment of MPLS-te and the first global MPLS-based IP VPN, and this innovation and creativity still drives the global team of telecommunications professionals that work for our company. 59

60 Fiber Carrier: Level 3 Communications Address: 1025 Eldorado Blvd. Broomfield, CO General Phone: (720) General Fax (303) Web Site Specialties: Wavelengths, VPN CDN, Internet Access, Private Line, Ethernet, Vyvx, Colocation, Fiber, Carrier Profile: Level 3 Communications (Nasdaq: LVLT) is an international communications company headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. The company operates one of the largest communications and Internet backbones in the world. Fiber Carrier: XO Communications Address: Sunrise Valley Drive Herndon, VA General Phone: Web Site Specialties: Cloud Communications Telecommunications, VoIP, Ethernet, MPLS IP-VPN, SIP Trunking, Hosted PBX, Carrier Profile: XO Communications is a leading nationwide provider of advanced communications services and solutions for businesses, enterprises, government, carriers and service providers. 60

61 Fiber Carrier: Zayo Communications Address: 400 Centennial Parkway Suite 200 Louisville, CO General Phone: Web Site Specialties: Bandwidth Infrastructure, Fiber to the Tower, Dark Fiber, Metro Ethernet, Colocation, WDM Wavelengths, Private Line, Dedicated Internet Access Carrier Profile: Zayo is a national provider of bandwidth infrastructure solutions and carrier neutral colocation. They provide lit and dark fiber services over our regional, metro and fiber to the tower networks over many major metro markets and numerous unique regional routes. Fiber Carrier: Sprint Address: 6200 Sprint Parkway Overland Park, KS General Phone: Web Site Specialties: Control, Asset Tracking Wireless/Wireline Service Provider, Retail and Business Solutions, Expense Carrier Profile: Sprint Nextel Corporation offers a range of wireless and wireline communications services to consumers, businesses, and government users in the United States and internationally. The company s Wireless segment provides an array of wireless mobile voice and data transmission services on networks that utilize CDMA and iden technologies. 61

62 Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis 62

63 Natural Disaster Risk Details Seismic The index for earthquake events is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS which is comprised of factors including frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. The statistical data reviewed spans 50 years of recorded data. The U.S. average index is 1.8. With an index rating of 0.04, Hilliard, OH is 97% less than the U.S. average. Out of 1,412 cities and jurisdictions in the state of Ohio, where 1 would be the most prone to seismic activity and 1,412 would be the least susceptible, the area ranks 735 or is in the top 50th percentile. Recent seismic activity was recorded on February 19, 1995 which occurred 65.6 miles from the city center, with a magnitude of 3.6 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Magnitude Scale is one of a number of ways that have been developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake. The scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph to arbitrary small amplitude. An earthquake that measures 5.0 on the Richter scale has shaking amplitude 10 times larger than one that measures 4.0, and corresponds to an energy release of times greater. 63

64 Magnitude Description Average maximum Mercalli intensity Average earthquake effects Average frequency of occurrence (estimated) Less than 2.0 Micro I to II Microearthquakes, not felt, or felt rarely by sensitive people. Recorded by seismographs. Continual/several million per year I to III Minor II to V Generally felt by few to many people up to several miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Weak shaking in the felt area. Recorded by seismographs. Often felt in the area by at least many people, but very rarely causes damage. Can be felt tens of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Over one million per year Over 100,000 per year Light III to VII Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises. Many people, or everyone, feel it with slight to strong intensity. Slightly felt outside. Generally causes none to slight damage. Moderate, heavy, major, or significant damage unlikely. Some falling of objects. 10,000 to 15,000 per year Moderate IV to VIII Can cause moderate to major damage to poorly constructed buildings. At most, none to slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can be felt hundreds of 1,000 to 1,500 miles/kilometers from the epicenter at low/lower intensity. It may be reported as per year very strong to violent intensity tens of miles from the epicenter. Deaths can depend on the effects Strong VI to X Can be damaging/destructive in populated areas. Damage to many to all buildings; poorly designed structures incur moderate to severe damage. Earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage. Most likely felt hundreds of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Death toll between none and more than 50, to 150 per year Major VII to XII Can cause great/greater damage over larger areas. Damage to all buildings; many to all receive moderate to very heavy damage, or collapse partially to completely. Death toll is usually between none to more than 150, to 20 per year Great VIII to XII Can cause major damage across very wide, large areas. Many to all buildings in epicentral area severely damaged or destroyed. Buildings further from the epicenter are also likely to incur damage of any level. Very strong shaking up to a few hundred miles/kilometers away. Death toll is usually between 100 to more than 500,000, however some earthquakes this magnitude have killed none. One per year (rarely none, two, or over two per year) Destructive to very devastating in extremely large areas. Many to all buildings severely damaged to completely destroyed up to tens of miles from the epicenter. Easily felt and/or damaging at extremely distant points. Ground changes. Death toll usually between 1,000 and one million. One per 5 to 50 years Massive/Epic IX to XII Heavy, widespread, colossal damage/devastation across enormous areas. Will destroy buildings fairly easily and quickly. Death toll most likely will be over 50,000 people. Large ground changes. Never recorded; see below for equivalent seismic energy yield. None per year (unknown, extremely rare, or impossible/may not be possible) Table 1.8 Magnitudes of seismic activity on the Richter Scale, Source USGS 64

65 Tornados Based on a similar index as the earthquake index, the U.S. average for tornados is The average is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS and comprised of factors from frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. With an index rating of , Hilliard, OH is 85% greater than the U.S. average. Out of 1,412 cities and jurisdictions in the state of Ohio, where 1 would be the most prone to tornado activity and 1,412 would be the least susceptible, the area ranks 440 or is in the top 30th percentile. 68 total tornado events were recorded within a 50-mile radius over the past 50 years. All these events had a magnitude rating of 2 or higher on the Fujita scale. The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornados inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists (and engineers) after a ground and/or aerial damage survey; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry/ videogrammetry (if motion picture recording was available). Tornado Rating Classifications Rating F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Tornado Scale Weak Strong Violent Damage Significant Wind Intense Table 1.9 Tornado magnitude ratings, Source NOAA 65

66 Scale Estimated wind speed mph km/h Relative frequency Average Damage Path Width (meters) Potential damage F % Light damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged. Moderate damage. F % The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. Significant damage. F % Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; highrise windows broken and blown in; light-object missiles generated. Severe damage. F % Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown. F % Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated. Incredible damage. F <0.1% 1100 ~ Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 m (109 yd); trees debarked; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. Table 1.10 Tornado magnitude ratings on Fujita Scale, Source NOAA 66

67 Extreme Weather From a period between 1950 and 2010 there were 3,677 extreme weather events within a 50-mile radius of the WGS. Extreme weather events are considered to be weather phenomena that are at the extremes of the historical distribution, especially severe or unseasonal weather. The most commonly used definition of extreme weather is based on an event's climatological distribution. An extreme weather event can range from a severe storm resulting in property damage to an event as common as an above / below average temperature day. The events are broken down in the following classifications: WGS Ohio Statewide Event Type 50-Mile Radius Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year* Statewide Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year Blizzard Cold Dense Fog Drought Flood , Hail , Heat Heavy Snow High Surf Hurricane Ice Storm Landslides Strong Winds Thunderstorm Winds 2, , Tropical Storms Wild Fires Winter Storms Winter Weather Other Total Events 3, , *Source USGS Table 1.11 Extreme weather events within 50-mile radius over 60 year period, Source USGS 67

68 It should be noted the statistical data covers a large area. A radius of 50 miles from the site covers an area of almost 19% of the entire state of Ohio. It is also important to note that, in all the categories of extreme weather events, occurrences in Hilliard and the surrounding vicinity event are well below the state s average. Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest concern. For the WGS, flooding poses a moderate direct and indirect risk to the site. Photo 1.33 view of the Scioto River in flood stages at the O Shaughnessy Dam Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Ultimately, any facility within close proximity to dense population and to the infrastructure that supports that population is susceptible to any and all of these risks to some degree. Some risks are more probable than others. In performing these risk analyses, the question of what if? is a common theme. The biggest part of the risk assessment is identifying the risk and implementing measures to mitigate potential disruptions to operations. The list of potential man-made disasters is quite extensive. Some of the categories of man-made disasters include: A. Infrastructure and Engineering failures 1. Building Collapse 2. Bridge and Roadway Failures 3. Tunnel Failure 4. Dam Failure 5. Nuclear Plant Disasters 6. Electrical Infrastructure Failure 68

69 7. Sewer System Failure 8. Water System Failure 9. Gas Pipeline Rupture B. Environmental Disasters 1. Chemical Leak 2. Biohazard C. Fire D. Industrial Accidents and Incidents E. Transportation Failures 1. Train Accidents a. Passenger b. Freight 2. Airline Disasters F. Massacres G. Non-Combat Military Accidents H. Space Accidents I. Terrorist Attacks J. Weapons of Mass Destruction 1. Chemical 2. Biological 3. Nuclear During the site selection process for a data center or other mission critical facility, a detailed risk assessment report is typically performed in conjunction with the design and tier classification of the particular facility. The facility tier classification dictates how reliable the facility should be and the facility s projected downtime. A tier IV facility is the most reliable facility with an uptime rating of four nines (99.995% of the time up and running or an average of minutes per year of downtime). Potential man-made disasters are factored in when calculated this uptime rating. Superfund Sites Superfund Sites is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) environmental program for addressing abandoned hazardous waste sites. A search on the EPA s database for superfund sites within the state of Ohio resulted in 17 sites within Franklin County. The sites closest to WGS either pose no risk or a very low risk to the site. The entire list of sites follows: 69

70 EPA Superfund Site Database for the Hilliard Area Site Name EPA ID NPL Status City County Proximity in Relation to WGS Air Force Plant 85 OH Proposed Columbus Franklin 13 miles Alum Creek Bike Path Drum Site OHN Non Columbus Franklin 13 miles Asarco OHD Non Columbus Franklin 9 miles California Ave Mercury Spill Columbus Auto Parts OHN Non Columbus Franklin 6 miles OH Non Columbus Franklin 7.5 miles Columbus Scrap OHD Non Columbus Franklin 9 miles Columbus Train Derailment Decorative Surfaces International Former Custom Cleaners Store Forsythe Ave Mercury Spill Integrity Drive South Drum Dump Maize Rd Mercury Spill Rickenbacker Air National Guard Rooster Restaurant Mercury Stewart Ave Lead Site OHN Non Columbus Franklin 8 miles OHD Non Columbus Franklin 8 miles OHN Non Columbus Franklin 7.5 miles OHN Non Columbus Franklin 7.5 miles OH Non Columbus Franklin 12.5 miles OHN Non Columbus Franklin 7.5 miles OH Proposed Lockbourne Franklin 18 miles OHN Non Columbus Franklin 9 miles OHN Non Columbus Franklin 11 miles Stickle Drum Site OH Non Lockbourne Franklin 16 miles Whitehall Ohio Mercury Spill OHN Non Whitehall Franklin 15 miles *Source EPA Database Table 1.10 EPA Superfund Site database for Hilliard area 70

71 Graphic 1.34 Map of EPA Superfund Sites Neighboring Activities A search on the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Facility Registration System (FRS) database listed several facilities in the immediate area that currently -- or have previously -- housed, stored, or manufactured substances that may be hazardous to health or affect the environment. These facilities could pose a low to moderate risk to a data center at the site. Graphic 1.35 Sites with potential toxins Graphic 1.36 Sites with potential substances that could adversely affect air quality 71

72 Graphic 1.37 Sites with potential elements that could have health or environmental risks Graphic 1.38 Sites that could have potential hazardous chemicals From the information stored within the EPA s FRS database, we found no major facilities that could potentially have an immediate man-made risk to a mission critical facility at the Wolpert Greenfield Site. Some of the facilities listed in the database were actually middle and elementary schools. These facilities are listed as Hazardous Waste Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators. This more or less means the facility is registered because they can or have generated less than 1 kilogram of acutely hazardous waste in a calendar month. A 1-gallon canister of paint falls into this category. Other Man-Made Risks A review of the WGS and the surrounding area resulted in several concerns regarding man-made risks. Those that do exist include dam failures in the greater vicinity, the flight path of neighboring airports, the oil pipeline that runs along the site s western border, a major traffic accident on Interstate Rt. 270 or Davidson Rd., rail accidents, and nearby military installations. These potential man-made risks were discussed earlier in the report; however, greater detail follows in this section. Flight Path The immediate risk to a mission critical data center at the WGS is the site is in the direct flight path of Ohio State University Airport. The airport is 2.8 miles away from the site. The OSU airport is a reliever airport for Port Columbus International Airport and is also the 5 th busiest in the State of Ohio. The OSU Airport houses approximately 230 aircraft and oversees approximately 274 operations per day. 72

73 Graphic 1.39 Ohio State University Airport flight plan Dam Failure Another risk to a mission critical facility at the WGS site would be a catastrophic failure of either the O Shaughnessy or Griggs Dam. The O Shaughnessy Dam was completed in It contains the Scioto River to form the O Shaughnessy Reservoir. The O Shaughnessy Reservoir holds approximately 6.3 billion gallons of water over an area of 845 acres. If the dam suffered a catastrophic failure, most certainly it would have a negative impact on the continued operations of a mission critical facility at the Wolpert Greenfield Site. Problems that potentially could arise from such an event include widespread flooding; damage to key infrastructure including roadways and bridges; damage to the areas water supply; damage to other key infrastructure such as power, sewer, and natural gas; and other direct and indirect consequences. Photo 1.34 O Shaughnessy Dam 73

74 In addition, a catastrophic failure of the Griggs Dam could also have negative impacts on the continued operations of a mission critical facility at the Wolpert Greenfield Site. The Griggs Dam was constructed in Like the O Shaughnessy Dam, the Griggs Dam holds back the Scioto River to form the Griggs Reservoir. The Griggs Reservoir holds approximately 1.2 billion gallons of water over an area 6 miles long. Although the Wolpert site is upstream of the Griggs dam, consequential downstream flooding may affect transportation, support services, and the water supply for the surrounding area. Tributaries leading into the Griggs reservoir may be impacted or may need to be diverted to facilitate repairs. Photo 1.35 Griggs Dam O Shaughnessy Dam 7 miles north of WGS Griggs Dam 3 miles south of WGS Graphic 1.40 Dam locations 74

75 Petroleum Pipeline There is an oil distribution pipeline that runs within the site s western border. This pipeline is operated by Marathon and is a 6 line with an operating PSI range of This presents several concerns to a mission critical facility. For one, a rupture of this pipeline would most certainly effect the operation of a mission critical facility. In addition, a mission critical facility and its associated equipment would need to be positioned a safe distance from this infrastructure. Rights of way would need to be put in place for access and maintenance. Oil pipeline accidents and ruptures along similar infrastructure have been recorded. A rupture along similar infrastructure to the pipeline that runs along the WGS occurred in January The accident resulted in the release of 489,000 gallons of crude oil and resulted in $7.1 million in damage and cleanup costs. Graphic 1.41 Map of Marathon pipe line 75

76 Highways A large accident on either of the main thoroughfares could potentially impact the continuous operation of a facility at the WGS. The effects of such an event could range from not being able to access the site because of extended road closures, to a power or communications disruption due to a vehicle collision with a telephone pole. Currently there is only one entrance into the WGS. Care would have to be exercised in planning an alternative entrance into the site. Even with an alternate entrance into the WGS, a simple traffic accident on Davidson Rd. could prohibit entry into the facility. Even more of a concern would be a vehicle critically damaging one of the pylons supporting either the 138kV or 69kV infrastructure. Photo 1.36 Front of WGS on Davidson Road showing electrical infrastructure Downed Overhead Power Lines Damaged pylons and / or downed overhead power lines present an overlapping concern. Damage to the surrounding electrical infrastructure from either a man-made or natural event could have negative, long lasting, impacts on the operation of a mission critical facility at this site. Rail Lines and Military Installations There are two additional man-made risks that could potentially impact the operation of a mission critical facility at the site: the presence of a major rail line within close proximity to the site and the presence of military installations. Although the two risks present low probability in affecting mission critical facility operation, the risks are still present and should be identified. There is a major rail line just slightly over a mile away from the WGS. A major accident involving hazardous substances more than likely will not directly affect a facility at the WGS. However, indirect consequences such as road closures, evacuations, and interrupted support services can have adverse effects to a mission critical facility. 76

77 The same holds true for the military installations. Beightler Armory is the headquarters for the Ohio National Guard and the Ohio Emergency Management Center. The facility is rather small in comparison to a major military installation. However, increased activity at the facility could impose heightened security in and around the surrounding area. This may restrict or impede access to the facility at the WGS. There is also the possibility of a terrorist attack on the military facility. Another military facility in close proximity to the WGS is Rickenbacker International Airport which is approximately 17 miles away. The airport is a joint civilian / military airport which is home to the Ohio Air National Guard s 121 st Refueling Wing. The Marine Corps and Navy Air Reserves have facilities at this installation as well. Large KC 135 Stratotanker Aircraft are based at this facility. Although the risks are low that an event or accident would occur, or if one were to occur, that it would impact the operation of a mission critical facility, the presence of a military installment is still a concern and should be identified. Public Transportation Airports The nearest airport is Port Columbus International Airport, located in Columbus, OH. The airport is the primary passenger and cargo airport for central Ohio. The airport has non-stop service to all major cities along the east coast as well as some cities in the mid-west and west coast. Air Canada, Delta, United Airlines, Air Tran Airways, American and Southwest are the major airlines. There are several other airports in the area, but the two of note are Ohio State University Airport and Rickenbacker International Airport. Ohio State University Airport serves mainly as a location for educating pilots but has been known to take on the role of relieving flight traffic from Port Columbus International Airport. There are 230 aircraft located on the field and there are an estimated 100,000 operations per year. There are four asphalt runways at this airport. Rickenbacker International Airport is mainly a cargo airport but has been used by private entities due to its location southeast of Columbus. There are two runways present which handle all the activities present. The airport is also joint civilian / military airport which is home to the Ohio Air National Guard s 121 st Air Refueling Wing. Large cargo aircraft and KC 135 Stratotankers fly into and are based at this facility. The Marine Corps and Navy Air Reserves have facilities at Rickenbacker Airport. Bolton Field is a public airport 11 miles from the WGS. The single runway airport serves general and corporate aviation. It was constructed to handle small personal aircraft and small to mid-sized corporate aircrafts. The airport also has facilities to handle helicopter traffic. The airport averages approximately 200 operations per day. 77

78 Columbus Southwest Airport is a privately owned, public use airport 11 miles from the WGS. The airport has a single turf runway built for small personal aircraft. The airport averages approximately 32 operations per day. Passenger Rail Service Rail service is not present in the immediate area. The nearest public rail service is in South Shore, KY and is approximately 90 miles away. From this location, Amtrak has service that travels between Chicago, IL and New York, NY. A trip from South Shore to Chicago or Washington D.C. would take 12 hours. Graphic 1.42 Amtrak Cardinal- Hoosier State Line Passenger Bus Service As far as public transportation within and around the immediate area is concerned, The Central Ohio Transit Authority Bus Service is present. It offers bus service throughout the city of Columbus and has express service to the city of Hilliard. The red line or Route 67 bus offers service closest to the WGS. This route provides access to downtown Columbus and has access to other routes which can bring you almost anywhere in central Ohio. There is also service to Port Columbus International Airport. Greyhound runs regular bus service from the airport to Washington, DC and Chicago. The routes take over 20 hours. 78

79 Graphic 1.43 COTA bus service map 79

80 Graphic 1.44 COTA Hilliard bus service map close up Taxi service is available since Hilliard is only 9 miles outside of Columbus, OH. 80

81 Chapter 6 Demographic Details 81

82 Demographics The general health of the area and the future projections for the general area are important factors in determining whether or not a site is suitable for a mission critical facility. The following pages include an overview of the demographic attributes of the area surrounding the Wolpert Greenfield Site Note: Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. Background The city of Hilliard is the 54th largest city by population in the state of Ohio. The largest city in Ohio by population is Columbus which is only 9 miles away. WGS is located within the city limits of Hilliard, OH. This area encompasses square miles and is located within Franklin County. Franklin County accounts for only 10% of the total population in Ohio while its land area accounts for about 1% of Ohio. Franklin County occupies the area south of Route 81. The three surrounding counties are; Madison County, Licking County and Delaware County. Statistics for Surrounding Counties Population Total Area (Sq Miles) Madison County 43, Licking County 166, Delaware County 174, Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.11 Population information on surrounding counties The three counties have a total area of 1,592 square miles and a combined population density of people per square mile. Demographic Details Of note, the population growth rate in the immediate area is well above that of the state of Ohio (1.62%) and the U.S. national average (9.7%), as measured over the period

83 Population, Counts, Density and Growth Hilliard Franklin County Ohio Population 28,435 1,613,414 11,536,504 Area (square miles) ,861 Population Density 2, , (people per square mile) Population Growth 17.35% 8.83% 1.62% (since 2000) Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.12 Population information for Hilliard area The median age for the United States is 37.2 years old; the median for Ohio is As indicated by the following median age statistics, the area surrounding the WGS and are comprised of a younger population. Population by Age Population Bracket Hilliard, OH % State of Ohio (%) U.S. (%) Under 5 years 1, to 9 years 2, to 14 years 2, to 19 years 2, to 24 years 1, to 34 years 3, to 44 years 4, to 54 years 4, to 64 years 2, to 74 years 1, to 84 years years and over Total 28, % 100% Median age *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.13 Population by age The race make-up of the surrounding area is predominantly white of approximately 90% of the population. The following chart shows the race make-up of the surrounding population to the WGS. 83

84 Population by Ethnicity Race Hilliard, OH (%) Ohio (%) U.S. (%) White Black Hispanic Asian Native American One Race Other Two Races Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.14 Population by ethnicity The following table shows the first ancestry make-up of the population in the surrounding areas. Note: not everyone claims (reports) first ancestry. Only 90.87% of Hilliard s population claim first ancestry. 84

85 Population by First Ancestry Hilliard, OH (%) Ohio (%) US (%) Arab Czech Danish Dutch English French German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scotch-Irish Scottish Subsaharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian American Welsh *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.15 Population by first ancestry 85

86 Languages Spoken at Home Hilliard % OH (%) U.S. (%) English 8, Spanish Other Indo- European Languages Asian and Pacific Islander Languages Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.16 Languages spoken at home The following chart shows the statistical information for households and families of Hilliard in comparison to the state of Ohio and national averages. Housing and Household Statistics Hilliard % OH U.S. Total 10,198 4,603, ,716,292 Households Average Household Size 1 Person 2, % 26.74% Households 2 or more Person 8, % 73.26% households Family 7, % 66.43% Households Average Family Size Married Couple 6, % 48.42% Family Non-Family 2, % 33.57% Households *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.17 Housing and housing statistics Note the correlation between median ages (illustrated earlier) and the income statistics found in the following table. The majority of the population is within the working class so compared to the state, the income levels are quite high. 86

87 Income Statistics Hilliard Ohio U.S. Median Household Income $81,933 $47,358 $50,046 Mean Household Income $94,049 $62,205 $68,259 Population at or Below Poverty 4.23% 14.16% 15.33% Level Families at or Below Poverty 2.50% 10.32% 11.28% Level *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.18 Income statistics The area, in general has witnessed an 18% growth in household income when compared to year 2000 to year 2010 statistical data. Employment Status Hilliard % OH (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Population 16 20,048 9,079, ,832,923 years and over Male 9, % 48.62% Male in Labor 7, % 69.78% Force Male in Armed % 0.76% Services Male Civilian 7, % 69.03% Male Civilian 7, % 88.43% Employed Male Civilian % 11.57% Unemployed Male not in 1, % 30.22% Labor Force Female 10, % 51.38% Female in 7, % 59.26% Labor Force Female in Armed % 0.12% Services Female 7, % 59.13% Civilian Female Civilian 6, % 89.99% Employed Female Civilian % 10.01% Unemployed Female not in 3, % 40.74% Labor Force *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.19 Employment of population 16 and over 87

88 Careers - Occupation Hilliard % OH (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed 14,378 5,369, ,033, years and over Male 7, % 52.06% Management, Professional, and 3, % 32.77% Related Occupations Service % 14.98% Occupations Sales and Office 1, % 17.82% Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry % 1.17% Occupations Construction, Extraction, % 9.50% Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, Transportation, and % 17.70% Material Moving Occupations. Female 6, % 47.94% Management, Professional, and Related Occupations 3, % 39.40% Service % 21.33% Occupations Sales and Office 2, % 32.73% Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry % 0.30% Occupations Construction, Extraction, % 0.29% Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, Transportation, and % 5.67% Material Moving Occupations *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.20 Occupation by careers 88

89 Careers - Industry Hilliard % OH (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed 16 years and over Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, and Mining 14,378 5,369, ,033, % 1.90% Construction % 6.25% Manufacturing 1, % 10.39% Wholesale % 2.83% Trade Retail Trade 1, % 11.65% Transportation, Warehouse, % 4.92% Utilities Information % 2.17% Finance, Insurance, Real 2, % 6.67% Estate, Rental, Leasing Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, Waste Management Services 1, % 10.58% Educational Services, Health Care, Social Assistance Arts Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, Food Services 3, % 23.24% 1, % 9.25% Public % 5.17% Administration Other Misc % 4.97% Administration *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.21 Careers by industry The mean average commute to work for the residents of Hilliard is 21.8 minutes. The state of Ohio s average commute to work is 22.4 minutes and the national average is 25.3 minutes. 89

90 Based on 2006 to 2010 data, the median house value in Hilliard is $209,300. As of 2010, house values have grown by 32% in Hilliard since the year This is compared to the state of Ohio median house value $136,400 and the national median average house value of $179,900. The average house age in Hilliard is roughly 21 years old. The state of Ohio s average house age is 47 years old and the national average is 37 years old. Housing Occupancy Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Owner Occupied Renter Occupied Vacancy Housing Units Housing Units For Rent For Sale Only Rented or Not Sold, Not Occupied For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use Hilliard OH % U.S. (Totals & %) (Totals & %) 10,637 5,127, ,704,730 10, % 88.62% 8, % 57.69% 2, % 30.93% % 11.38% % 3.14% % 1.44% % 0.48% % 3.53% For Migrant % 0.02% Workers Other Vacant % 2.77% *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.22 Housing by occupancy 90

91 Housing Costs Statistics Hilliard Ohio U.S. Owner Occupied with Mortgage 84.97% 68.60% 67.23% Owner Occupied without Mortgage 15.03% 31.40% 32.77% Housing Costs with a $1,828 $1,288 $1,496 Mortgage Housing Costs without a Mortgage $628 $428 $431 *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.23 Housing costs The median average for gross monthly rents in the community of Hilliard is $893. The following chart indicates the general distribution of the cost of rental units in the corresponding localities. Gross Monthly Rents Monthly Rents Hilliard (%) OH (%) U.S. (%) $199 or Less $200 to $ $300 to $500 to $ $700 top $ $1,00 to $1, $1,500 to $1, $2,000 or more *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.24 Gross monthly rents for housing units 91

92 The primary method for household heating in the area around the WGS is utility natural gas. Electricity is the second most prevalent method for heating homes in the area. The following table illustrates the diversity of household heating methods for the general area, state, and the United States. Methods of Household Heating Hilliard (%) OH (%) U.S. (%) Utility Gas Bottled, Tank, or LP Gas Electricity Fuel Oil, Kerosene Coal or Coke Wood, Pellets, or Similar Combustible Material Solar Energy (Active or Passive) Other Fuel No Fuel Used *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.25 Methods for home heating Heating and Cooling Costs Index Hilliard OH U.S. Heating Cooling *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.26 Heating and cooling costs index 92

93 In the city of Hilliard, according to 2010 census data, there were a total of 151 government employees. This equates to municipal government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $ per resident, and an annual burden of $ per household. The state of Ohio, according to 2010 census data, has 139,907 government employees. This equates to government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $ per resident, and an annual burden of $1, per household. Hilliard, OH Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part-Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government 139 $680,958 $58, $27, Financial Administration 7 $34,363 $58,908 0 $0 7 Judicial & Legal 4 $22,534 $67,602 0 $0 4 Other Government 14 $70,709 $60,608 1 $4, Administration Streets & Highways 5 $24,037 $57,689 0 $0 5 Parks & Recreation 19 $57,498 $36, $19, Police Protection - Officers 49 $317,470 $77,748 0 $0 49 Police-Other 17 $69,491 $49,052 0 $0 17 Sewerage 20 $68,565 $41,139 2 $3, Other & Unallocable 4 $16,291 $48,873 0 $0 4 Totals for Government 139 $680, $27, Yearly payroll $8,171,496 $333, Population 28,435 Total Payroll $8,504,688 Burden per Person $ Households 10,198 Burden per Household $ *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.27 Hilliard, OH government employees and population burdens 93

94 State of Ohio Totals for Government Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees 115,342 $576,137,366 $59,940 72,336 $75,764, ,907 Correction 15,426 $66,531,316 $51, $159,780 15,470 Higher Education - Other Higher Education - Instructional Other Education Social Insurance Administration Financial Administration Judicial & Legal Other Government Administration 32,331 $136,676,245 $50,729 45,115 $36,240,624 47,805 15,858 $117,146,111 $88,646 19,979 $27,173,685 21,852 2,222 $11,056,543 $59, $497,144 2,336 1,912 $8,684,457 $54, $964,160 2,190 7,057 $36,283,083 $61, $677,793 7,266 2,698 $15,816,028 $70, $1,373,337 2, $4,245,735 $56, $87, Health 3,355 $18,265,921 $65, $492,584 3,476 Hospitals 13,948 $66,176,202 $56,934 2,912 $5,750,353 15,159 Streets & Highways Natural Resources Parks & Recreation Police Protection - Officers 6,734 $30,422,117 $54, $538,046 6,905 2,654 $11,198,066 $50, $303,197 2, $1,815,531 $51, $410, ,404 $7,936,211 $67,831 0 $0 1,404 Police-Other 1,149 $4,660,948 $48, $27,513 1,157 Welfare 2,493 $14,206,981 $68, $557,602 2,741 Other & Unallocable 4,771 $25,015,871 $62, $510,453 4,920 Totals for Government 115,342 $576,137,366 72,336 $75,764, ,907 Yearly payroll $6,913,648,392 $909,171, Population 11,536,504 Total Payroll $7,822,820,364 Burden per Person $ Households 4,603,435 Burden per Household $1, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.28 State of Ohio government employees and population burdens 94

95 The Hilliard City Public School District is ranked 114 th out of the state s 607 school districts, putting the district within the top 19% of the state. There were a total of 857 teachers for 15,293 students in the school year. This yields a student to teacher ratio for the school district. The 23 public schools serve grades Pre-K to Grade 12. There are two private schools in Hilliard: Sunrise Academy (Pre-K to Grade 8 and t. Brendan School (Kindergarten-Grade 8). Hilliard City School District Total Students: 15,293 15,170 15,149 English Language Learner Students: 1,150 1, Total Teachers: Prekindergarten: Kindergarten: Elementary: Secondary: Ungraded: Total Other Staff: Instructional Aides: Instructional Coordinators & Supervisors: Total Guidance Counselors: Elementary Guidance Counselors: NA NA 0 Secondary Guidance Counselors: NA NA 0 Other Guidance Counselors: NA Librarians/Media Specialists: Library/Media Support: District Administrators: District Administrative Support: School Administrators: School Administrative Support: Student Support Services: Other Support Services: Student-Teacher Ratio: *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.29 Hilliard school district statistics 95

96 There are 28 universities, colleges, or higher education facilities located within 50 miles of the WGS. Most notably, Ohio State University is located in Columbus, OH. University/College Student Population Institution Type Town North Adult Education Center year, public Columbus Ohio State University 46,249 4-year, public Columbus Mount Carmel College of Nursing year, private, not-forprofit Columbus Columbus College of Art and 4-year, private, not-forprofit Columbus 1,425 Design American Institute of Alternative year, private, for-profit Medicine Columbus Columbus State Community 13,868 2-year, public College Columbus Franklin University 4,096 4-year, private, not-forprofit Columbus Ohio Dominican University 2,161 4-year, private, not-forprofit Columbus Trinity Lutheran Seminary year, private, not-forprofit Columbus Capital University 3,315 4-year, private, not-forprofit Columbus Devry University 2,752 4-year, private, for-profit Columbus Bradford School year, private, for-profit Columbus 4-year, private, not-forprofit Westerville Otterbein College 2,448 Delaware Joint Vocational School year, public Delaware Technology Education College year, private, for-profit Columbus Eastland-Fairfield Career and year, public Technical School Groveport Ohio Wesleyan University 1,914 4-year, private, not-forprofit Delaware Urbana University 1,136 4-year, private, not-forprofit Urbana Circleville Bible College year, private, not-forprofit Circleville Community Hospital School of 2-year, private, not-forprofit Springfield 121 Nursing Clark State Community College 2,003 4-year, private, not-forprofit Springfield Wittenberg University 2,149 4-year, private, not-forprofit Springfield Ohio State University - Lancaster 1,266 4-year, public Lancaster Central Ohio Technical College 1,633 2-year, public Newark Ohio State University - Newark 1,826 4-year, public Newark Ohio State University - Marion 1,343 4-year, public Marion Marion Technical College 1,352 2-year, public Marion Cedarville University 2,902 4-year, private, not-forprofit Cedarville *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.30 Local universities and colleges 96