Data Center Site Qualification Program. Detailed Site Prospectus

Transcription

1 Data Center Site Qualification Program Detailed Site Prospectus Progress Park Wytheville, Virginia March 2013

2 Table of Contents About This Report... 4 Executive Summary... 5 Chapter 1 - Overview... 9 Data Center Options & Layouts... 9 Variables... 9 Enterprise User Model Co-Location Model Other Considerations Data Center Modeling Summary Infrastructure Services Electrical Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure Gas Water Sewer Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk Man-Made Disaster Risk Fire and Rescue Services Police and Crime Index Public Transportation Specific Mission Critical Support Demographic Benchmark Results

3 Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis Natural Disaster Risk Details Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Public Transportation Chapter 6 Demographic Details Background Demographic Details

4 About This Report This feasibility report was prepared in conjunction with American Electric Power s (AEP s) Data Center Site Qualification Program. The program s objective is the proactive identification and analysis of sites that offer the unique combination of factors desired by today s mission critical and data center operations. These factors include highly reliable and redundant power and fiber infrastructures, competitive cost structures, and a location insulated from man-made and natural risks. Biggins Lacy Shapiro & Co., a location economics and site selection firm, has served as lead consultant for the program, together with its affiliated energy services company, Sugarloaf Associates. Engineering and site evaluation services were provided by Intelligent Building Solutions, LLC (IBS), a facilities consulting firm focusing on mission critical projects. This report was written by IBS using a culmination of their independent analysis of the Progress Park in Wytheville, VA and its suitability for a mission critical facility. The review process included an initial site survey and an in-depth review of supporting documents to ascertain the feasibility to support a test model mission critical facility with 100,000 square feet of raised floor (computer room) designed to current industry specifications for power usage and redundancy. 4

5 Executive Summary This report examined the potential for mission critical development at one of the sites at Progress Park in Wytheville, VA. The industrial park site at Progress Park is a 1,200+ acre industrial park managed by the Joint Industrial Development of Wythe County. The park is located approximately 77 miles southwest of downtown Roanoke. The park lies in close proximity to the junction of Interstate highways 81 and 77. Of the 1,200+ acres within the industrial park, approximately 717 acres are currently available. The analysis concludes the site is favorable for data center development and it offers strong utility infrastructure. Logistically, the Wytheville area offers a temperate climate and a low susceptibility to natural and man-made disasters, although the location s proximity to metropolitan cities and public transportation options could be a concern for some risk-adverse users. The site s location is appropriate for a stand-alone enterprise user or a colocation facility, and the site will physically accommodate either. For purposes of this analysis, the site was designed with 100,000 square feet of raised floor, also known as white space. Graphic 1.1 and 1.2 are maps showing Progress Park in relation to the state of Virginia and Wytheville 5

6 Washington D.C. 255 miles Progress Park Richmond, VA 200 Miles Graphic 1.3 Map showing Progress Park relationship to major data center market hubs Graphic 1.4 Map showing lot layout overlay for Progress Park 6

7 A. General Information Location Type of Site Size SITE ATTRIBUTES Prospect Park Wytheville, VA Wytheville, Virginia Technology Park acres (5 lots available) B. Electric Infrastructure Existing Service Voltage Service Voltage Proposed In-Service Date Design Load Capacity Notes C. Fiber Infrastructure Providers in Vicinity High Bandwidth (Distance from Site) 138 kv / 34kV 138 kv months from signed customer letter of intent Service in excess of 20MW Within Progress Park AT&T, Verizon, Cox Communications, CenturyLink On site D. Other Utilities Natural Gas Service 6 Natural Gas Provider Atmos Energy Water (2) 16 connected mains Available Water Capacity 3.75 MGD Water Provider Wytheville Public Works Sewer 24 Sewer Provider Wytheville Public Works Available Sewer Capacity 1.5 MGD E. Natural Disaster Risk Seismic Rating Low (See Chapter 5) Tornado Rating Low (See Chapter 5) F. Man-Made Disaster Risk Moderate susceptibility to man-made disasters. Only four areas of concern have been noted within the report. Railway Moderate Concern Natural gas transmission lines Moderate Concern Ammunition Factory Low to Moderate Concern (has access to Norfolk Southern rail line) Neighboring activities Low Concern 7

8 LOCATION EVALUATION Prospect Park Wytheville, VA OVERALL RATING Favorable A. Location a. Proximity to Major Highways Very Favorable b. Proximity to Public Transportation Unfavorable c. Distance to Metropolitan Cities (<40 Miles) Unfavorable d. Proximity to Major Financial Market Hubs (< 75 fiber km) Unfavorable e. Proximity to NYC 524 miles B. Available Utility Resources a. High Voltage Electrical Services Very Favorable b. Water Very Favorable c. Natural Gas Very Favorable d. Fiber Connectivity Favorable C. Site Logistics/Security a. Proximity to Adjoining Buildings/Property Favorable b. Ability to Fence/Secure Property Very Favorable c. Susceptibility to Natural Disasters Favorable d. Susceptibility to Man-Made Disasters Mixed e. Distance from Building Structure to Street Favorable f. Distance from Building Structure to Railroads Unfavorable g. Access to Public Transportation Unfavorable h. Access to Service Vendors (1 hour response time) Mixed to Unfavorable i. Access to Fuel Favorable j. Weather Favorable k. Air Quality Favorable D. Property a. Available Yard Space for Mission Critical Facility Equip. Very Favorable b. Paved Surfaces/Parking Very Favorable c. Provisions for Future Expansion Very Favorable E. Area Demographics a. Population Density Mixed to Unfavorable b. Workforce and Talent Pool Mixed c. Housing Mixed to Unfavorable d. Employment and Income Statistics Mixed to Unfavorable e. Local Government and Services Mixed to Unfavorable f. School District and Higher Education Mixed Very Favorable Favorable Mixed Unfavorable 8

9 Chapter 1 - Overview Data Center Options & Layouts For illustrative and analytical purposes, a feasibility test was conducted to assess and model the site s capacity to accommodate a prototypical data center with these attributes: Total building size - approximately 188,122 gross square feet (GSF) Building dimensions by Tilt-up construction with pre-cast concrete walls Slab to beam clear height - 36 Column spacing - 52 on center longitudinally by 50 laterally Two analyses were performed to maximize the building s white space yield: 1. Enterprise model - In an enterprise model, the objective is to achieve the most amount of power with the highest redundancy. 2. Co-location model - In a co-location model, the objective is to get the most amount of white space at moderate densities. Redundancy is a secondary function. The layouts illustrated are diagrammatic and are used for graphical representation to show the inherent differences between the enterprise and colocation scenarios. They are not intended to be precise representations. For example, the layouts do not take into account egress and minor inefficient space. However, they do demonstrate a fairly accurate estimate for potential yields and, experience has shown, are accurate to within five percent. Variables A number of variables have been factored into the feasibility analysis. Explanations of the key variables follow, while the assumptions used by the models are documented later in this section and Chapter 3. Density - the amount of power (expressed in watts) used per square foot. Density is calculated by configuring a cabinet layout/count and multiplying it by the cabinet load then dividing by the amount of white space. Cabinet Load - the amount of power used by the equipment (servers, storage arrays, or communication equipment) contained in a given cabinet. Cabinet load is typically calculated using a weighted average. Today s cabinet average loads run between 2.5 to 7 watts per cabinet. 9

10 Critical Load (also called IT Load) - The amount of power needed to operate the computing equipment. The total critical load is used to calculate the mechanical requirements, or essential load. Redundancy - System redundancy is expressed in Tier levels: Tier I - No redundancy on the critical (IT) load or the essential load. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is sized for the IT load (N load). There is no redundancy in the mechanical plant. The emergency power system (EPS) -- i.e., the generator -- is sized for the IT and mechanical loads. This system is % reliable, with hours (1, minutes) of expected downtime per year. Tier II - N+1 redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. Single generator EPS plant for full critical and essential load % reliable, with hours ( minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier III - 2N redundancy on the critical load, N+1 redundancy on the essential load. 2N redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with 1.57 hours (94.68 minutes) expected downtime per year. Tier IV - 2N+1 redundancy on the critical load, 2N redundancy on the essential load. 2N+1 redundancy on the EPS plant. The plant is sized for full critical and essential loads % reliable, with minutes expected downtime per year. There are several variations that can be applied to these tiers. Financial services facilities are most often modeled with Tier III redundancies. Co-location models are usually based somewhere between Tier I plus and Tier II plus. Enterprise User Model As mentioned, the first model used by this analysis was based on a design for a typical enterprise end user. 2N resiliency was assumed throughout the design for critical and essential loads. Models were based on 100W, 120W and 150W per square foot of white space. These variables were then used to calculate the parameters for a sweet spot design. There are two options for the placement of equipment: 1. Contain the majority of the mission critical equipment within the facility. 2. Place the large mission critical equipment, such as generators and the mechanical plant, outside of the building envelope. In both versions, the best design parameters were at 125W per square foot with 2N resiliency. The indoor option yielded approximately 75,000 square feet of white space 10

11 and the outdoor option yielded approximately 100,000 square feet. The total calculated electrical load was 16,615 kw for the indoor option and 23,171 kw for the outdoor option. (Calculations did not take into account inefficient space and support space such as offices. However, calculations for equipment spacing and rack layouts are rather conservative. Estimates are believed to be within +/- 5%.) Co-Location Model The co-location model assumes multiple data halls at approximately 9,900 square feet of white space. The model is based on N+1 redundancy on critical loads and N+1 redundancy on essential loads. Major mission critical equipment is placed outside of the building envelope. Results of the analysis indicate ten data halls plus additional space for back-of-house program and administrative offices can be arranged to fit inside the current spec build program. This data hall model will result in approximately 18,000 kw of total electrical load. Mission Critical Equipment 109,340 GSF 75,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.5 Enterprise Solution 1 75,000 GSF white space - 109,340 GSF mission critical equipment 11

12 Mission Critical Equipment Outdoor Space 64,658 GSF Mission Critical Equipment 86,240 GSF 100,000 GSF White Space Graphic 1.6 Enterprise Solution 2 100,000 GSF white space - 86,240 GSF mission critical equipment 64,658 GSF reserved for outdoor equipment space Mission Critical Equipment Yard (10) Co-location Data Halls Approx. 9,900 GSF White Space Each. 99,000 GSF White Space Total. Graphic 1.7 Co-location model with (10) data halls approx. 9,900 GSF white space each. 99,000 GSF white space total. Program includes provisions for mission critical equipment inside and mission critical equipment yard outside. Item Enterprise Indoor Option Enterprise Outdoor Option Co-Location Model Total White Space (SF) 75, ,000 99,000 Total IT Load (kw) 10,395 14,850 10,968 Total N Mechanical 3,740 5,005 3,920 Plant (Tons Cooling) Total Electrical Load 16,615 23,171 17,487 (kw) Redundancy Criteria 2N 2N 2N Table 1.3 Data center design options 12

13 Other Considerations Several scenarios and types of mission critical facilities were analyzed in an attempt to maximize the site s fullest potential and greatest raised floor (white space) yield. Note, however, that the three biggest upfront hurdles/costs associated with data center development are: 1. The electrical service delivery, 2. The Fat Pipe fiber delivery, and 3. Planning permission for the required specialty equipment. These items must be taken into consideration and incorporated into the site s pro forma. Free Cooling Although not considered in the modeling, the weather, climate and air quality in the Wytheville area are conducive to the possibility of using free cooling for a mission critical facility. Temperatures and climate are rather mild. The Air Quality Index (as given by the U.S. EPA) is 46.1 (Good), slightly worse than the national average of 40. (Lower numbers indicate less pollution.) Chapter 2 includes additional details. Co-Generation It is estimated that a mission critical facility designed at 100W per square foot would require an electrical service in excess of 20 mw. Co-generation is an entirely plausible alternative for power and cooling at this location. A Combined Heat and Power cogeneration system (CHP) could be an alternative technology to augment the power requirements for the development. In a CHP system, electricity is generated by a primary fuel source such as oil, natural gas, methane, refuse, pellets, etc. The byproduct of this process is heat. The exhaust heat is captured through a series of heat exchangers which can be used to produce steam, hot water, or the hot gas which can be used directly for cooling. A combination of all three can also be incorporated where portions of the waste heat are directed to manufacture multiple byproducts for different applications. The characteristics of this site would allow for co-generation. 13

14 Graphic 1.8 Aerial view of data center on site Graphic 1.9 Rendering of data center at Progress Park 14

15 Graphic 1.10 Cut away view of data center Graphic 1.11 Cut away rendering of data center 15

16 Graphic 1.12 Aerial view of data center 16

17 Graphic 1.13 Cut sections of data center Data Center Modeling Summary Ultimately, the initial modeling estimates for the Progress Park location project a potential 75,000 SF to 100,000 SF white space build-out. The major upfront cost and shell provisions that must be incorporated into either an enterprise or co-location model are: A. Electrical Service i. Initial utility cost and time of delivery ii. Cost of the 138 kv or 69kV switchgear and substations iii. Operational cost 1. Maintenance 2. Utility usage rates B. Fiber Provisions i. Cost of the future point of presence (POP) room ii. Empty raceways and points of entry (POE) iii. Service providers C. Master Plan Provisions i. Future provisions for multiple data center development ii. Empty raceways iii. Support space iv. Additional building hardening required for mission critical development See Chapter 3 for design calculations. 17

18 Infrastructure Services Electrical Progress Park has three voltages available. Currently, the majority of the companies within the park use 12.47kV service. The 12.47kV service comes from the Wythe Substation located approximately 3 miles away to the southwest of the park. Within the park lies the Progress Park Substation which transforms AEP s 138kV network to 34kV voltage. The 34kV circuits are then distributed throughout the park and to other areas within the AEP service territory. (Gatorade is an example of one of the users receiving 34kV service.) Additionally, it would be possible to feed a facility at 138kV. The 138kV service would be fed from the identical circuits currently feeding the Progress Park substation. For the purposes of this report, the proposed solution to service a mission critical facility at Progress Park would be a transmission service at 138kV. Appalachian Power, the local electric utility, can deliver a single contingency or dual circuit 138kV service to a facility at either of the sites within Progress Park. 138kV service is run along the Glen Lyn Wythe 138kV network, along the Progress Park line extension. On this network, service originates from the Glen Lynn substation / power plant which lies approximately 30 miles northeast of the site. Service also comes from the Wythe substation, which is approximately 3 miles away to the southwest. The Wythe substation is a network interconnect with 138kV circuits from the Smyth and Jubal Early substations. The network configuration for either a proposed standalone 138kV substation or 34kV service from the existing Progress Park substation is extremely robust and fault tolerant. 18

19 Graphic 1.14 Map of AEP s transmission network Graphic 1.15 Close up of AEP s transmission network 19

20 Graphic 1.16 Map showing substation locations Graphic1.17 Wythe Substation 20

21 Graphic1.18 Progress Park Substation Graphic 1.19 Diagram of proposed AEP primary utility service 21

22 Photo1.1 and 1.2 Progress Park Substation Photo1.3 and 1.4 Showing aerial electrical distribution Photo1.5 and 1.6 Showing aerial electrical distribution 22

23 Fiber and Telecommunications Infrastructure There are several long haul fiber carriers within close proximity to Progress Park. These carriers would be able to provide adequate bandwidth to satisfy the communications requirements of a data center or other mission critical facility. Wythe sits on an intersection between the major fiber route linking Columbus, OH (passing through West Virginia and Kentucky), to the Northwest and Washington, D.C. (passing through Roanoke, Charlottesville, Louden, and Ashburn) to the northeast. The route also feeds points southwest to Johnston City, TN. The general corridor for fiber runs along State Route 11 / I-81 to the northeast and southwest. The route also runs north up I-77. Major points of presence (POPs) and central offices are located in downtown Wytheville (175 S. 1 st St.), approximately 3 miles from the site, and Bluefield, WV (704 Bland St.), approximately 22 miles to the north. There is a network regeneration hut located at the Glen Lynn Substation. There is also a regional carrier POP, Citizens, within Progress Park. This POP has an interconnect with the major fiber carriers network. It appears this POP is currently a Type I POP / Hut offering passive interconnection with no active infrastructure or second contingency measures. Existing fiber lines are within two and a half miles of the park. There should be no major obstacles in delivering high bandwidth fiber infrastructure to Progress Park. Fiber infrastructure would have to be run aerially along State Route 610 or along Gator Rd. or a combination of both for two points of entry diversification. In addition to the long haul providers described above, there are likely a host of lower tier and regional fiber providers in the area. A site survey was performed to identify fiber infrastructure in and around Progress Park. Aerial fiber cable was identified but not labeled with a specific carrier. Citizens, a member of the Mid-Atlantic Broadband Cooperative, has a presence within Progress Park. It is assumed the fiber connectivity is limited to local providers such as AT&T, Verizon Business, Cox Communications and CenturyLink, as mentioned in Progress Park s literature, as well as Citizens. The lower tier providers usually lease or have agreements with the major fiber carriers. See Chapter 4 for additional information. 23

24 704 Bland St. Glen Lynn Substation POP 175 S 1 st St. Lit Customer Progress Park Graphic 1.20 Map showing POP and Regeneration sites Graphic 1.21 Fiber map of area 24

25 Graphic 1.22 Fiber map of area Graphic 1.23 Fiber map of area 25

26 Photo 1.7 and 1.8 Showing aerial fiber distribution Citizens POP (Note: no sign of emergency generator or air conditioner units) Graphic 1.24 Showing Citizens point of presence 26

27 Gas Atmos Energy is the natural gas provider for Progress Park. Its literature indicates 3 interstate high pressure gas lines are adjacent to Progress Park along Peppers Ferry Rd. At the northern section of the park, along Peppers Ferry Rd., is a natural gas pressure reducing station. A 6 medium pressure natural gas line runs from Peppers Ferry Rd. to E. Lee Trinkle Dr. and on to Gator Lane. This service feeds Gatorade and Amcor. Water Water service is provided by the Town of Wytheville s Public Works Department. Progress Park is served by two water sources, the New River Water Treatment Plant and the Wytheville Water Plant. The New River Water Plant has an operating capacity of 4 million gallons per day with 2.5 million gallons per day allocated specifically to Progress Park. The Wytheville Water Plant has a capacity of 4 million gallons per day with 1.25 million gallons per day allocated specifically for Progress Park. Progress Park is currently fed by two 16 interconnected water lines. The robust water service is a direct result of the Pepsico (Gatorade) bottling plant located within Progress Park. Sewer Wastewater and sewer service is provided by the Town of Wytheville s Public Works Department. The Public Works Department operates a 4-million-gallons-per-day wastewater treatment facility. In addition, Wytheville County operates a 1.5-million-gallons-per-day wastewater treatment facility that is interconnected with the Town s wastewater treatment system. Progress Park is connected to the system via a 24 sewer line. 27

28 Business Continuity Review Natural Disaster Risk This site has a rather low exposure to natural disasters that could affect the continuous operation of a mission critical facility. However, in addition to potential risks to the site itself, data center operators must also consider the potential for natural disasters to impact aerial distribution infrastructure and modes of transportation. Seismic The Wytheville area has a 0.57 index rating for earthquakes. This information is from algorithms calculated by the USGS. The U.S. average, in comparison, is 1.8, and the state of Virginia has a rating of 0.2. This rating is low and acceptable to the placement of a mission critical facility. Recent seismic activity was recorded on November 2, 2006, 51 miles away with a magnitude of 4.3 on the Richter Scale. Largest Seismic Events within 50-Mile Radius of Site Over Past 50 Years Magnitude (Richter Scale) Distance from Site Date miles November 20, miles March 8, miles May 30, 1974 Table 1.4 Seismic events See Chapter 5 for additional information. Tornados The Wytheville area has a tornado index rating of 23.20, compared with a U.S. average of and for the state of Virginia. These ratings are from algorithms calculated by the USGS. Compared to the rest of the country, this site has a very low risk of tornado activity. Within the statistical data set of a 50-year period within a 50-mile radius of the site, there have been a total of 9 tornado events, all with a magnitude rating of 2 on the Fujita scale. The closest tornado event occurred 28.9 miles away in Alleghany County on May 8, 28

29 2009. The storm caused an estimated $200,000 worth of damage across an area of approximately 5 miles. This was also recorded as the most recent tornado. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Flooding According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency s (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), the site area and the surrounding thoroughfares are not in the 1% flood zone (100-year flood). Progress Park Graphic 1.25 FEMA flood map showing Progress Park not in 1% annual flood zone (100-year flood event) 29

30 Extreme Weather Events Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest concern. Based on the evaluation of the site in regards to these risks, the site is not susceptible to such extreme weather events. See Chapter 5 for a more detailed listing of the history of extreme weather events in the Wytheville area. Man-Made Disaster Risk Progress Park s susceptibility to man-made disasters is moderate. The only areas of concern discovered during this review are discussed in the following sections. See Chapter 5 for additional information. Superfund Sites Superfund Sites is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) environmental program for addressing abandoned hazardous waste sites. A search on the EPA s database for Superfund sites within the state of Virginia resulted in one site within Wythe County. The site is as follows: EPA Superfund Site Database for Wytheville, VA Site Name EPA ID NPL Status City County Zip Turpin Property VAD Non Wytheville Wythe *Source EPA Website Proximity to Progress Park 5.60 miles Table 1.5 EPA Superfund site database for Wythe County 30

31 Graphic 1.26 Map of EPA Superfund site The Turpin Property site is the only location close to Progress Park. This site is not on the National Priorities List (NPL), as remediation was to have taken place in The Turpin Property was originally the location for High Bridge Farm, which was where TNT and primer cords were stored. The EPA noted in early 1989 that a structure housing approximately 8,000 pounds of explosives was in disrepair and posed a hazard to the surrounding community. As stated earlier, though, the site currently has a non-npl status. 31

32 Neighboring Activities A search on the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Facility Registration System (FRS) database listed several facilities in the immediate area that currently -- or have previously -- housed, stored, or manufactured substances that may be hazardous to health or affect the environment. These facilities could pose a low to moderate risk to a data center at the site. Graphic 1.27 Sites with potential toxins Graphic 1.28 Sites with potential substances that could adversely affect air quality Graphic 1.29 Sites with potential elements that could have health or environmental risks Graphic 1.30 Sites that could have potential hazardous chemicals After reviewing the neighboring facilities, little to no risk was identified but a detailed summary is presented in chapter five. 32

33 Progress Park Graphic 1.31 Map showing Norfolk Southern rail system Other Man-Made Risks There are two sources of potential risk present in the immediate vicinity. First, the Norfolk Southern freight rail line runs directly south of Progress Park, coming within.5 mile of the proposed mission critical facility site, creating the risk of an accident involving the transportation of hazardous materials. Second, there are three natural gas transmission lines that run along Peppers Ferry Road. These two elements have moderate impact on the risk assessment for Progress Park. An additional concern is the location of the Radford Army Ammunition Plant in Dublin, VA. The ammunition plant is approximately 20 miles away. Although the plant is located a considerable distance from Progress Park, the concerns stem from the possibility of a catastrophic event at the plant affecting Route I-81 and Route 11 which could hinder staff and supplier access to the data center site. 33

34 Fire and Rescue Services There is one fire/rescue station within Wytheville. It has approximately 6 paid employees. Volunteer statuses are unknown. The station is 5.5 miles away from Progress Park. The next closest fire department is in Speedwell, VA which is 12 miles away and consists of 28 volunteers. The third closest station is in Pulaski, VA which is 15 miles away and has 10 paid staff members. Graphic 1.32 Map of fire and rescue resources Police and Crime Index There are 28 sworn officers in Wytheville consisting of a Chief, Captain, 1 st Sergeant, four investigators, four Patrol Sergeants and 17 Patrol Officers. This department is responsible for covering 14.4 square miles. Based on a set of complex algorithms calculated by the FBI, the town of Wytheville has a crime index of 1, This is compared to the State of Virginia s Crime Index Rating of 1, Both the town of Wytheville and the State Crime Index Rating are below the U.S. National Crime Index Rating of 1, Historically, the town of Wytheville s Crime Index Rating has been substantially below the national and state average. 34

35 Public Transportation In general, public transportation to the site is limited. This may have a bearing on business continuity due to access for employees and the service vendors needed to maintain a mission critical facility. The nearest airport is in Roanoke and is approximately a 1.2-hour drive. There is service from the airport to the major cities including; Charlotte, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Atlanta, Washington D.C. and New York. Rail service is very limited in that the nearest station with service to Washington D.C. or New York is at least 90 miles away in Clifton Forge, VA. The next closest Amtrak station is in Greensboro, NC, from which a trip to Washington D.C. would take 8 hours. After researching the town of Wytheville for public transportation bus service, we found no such service in place. There is a Greyhound bus service that travels to Washington D.C. This route takes approximately 8 hours. Service is also available to Roanoke where the airport is located. This trip takes approximately 1.2 hours. See Chapter 5 for additional information. 35

36 Specific Mission Critical Support Normally, mission critical facilities require a 4-hour response time for support services. Since there is a concentration of mission critical facilities in Greensboro, NC and Wytheville is approximately 2 hours away, the site is located inside the ideal service radius. The following list of companies and services is intended only to illustrate their proximity to the proposed site and should not be interpreted as an endorsement. Fuel Oil Delivery Companies Wytheville Oil Distributors 1185 Church St, Wytheville, VA Great Lakes Petroleum Wytheville, VA Mechanical Contractors Southern Air Mercer Mall Rd, Bluefield, WV Performance HVAC Systems Bramwell, WV Comfort Systems USA 106 St. John Rd., Salem, VA Electrical Contractors Southern Air Mercer Mall Rd, Bluefield, WV Rural Retreat Electrical and Plumbing 360 Richmond Av, Rural Retreat, VA John K Young Contracting, LLC 774 Spraker Rd, Crockett VA 36

37 Generator Providers Carter Machinery Company, INC (Caterpillar) Route 460, Oakwood, VA Cummins Atlantic LLC (Cummins) 263 Simmons Dr., Cloverdale, VA WBD Western Branch Diesel (MTU Detroit Diesel) 4546 Thirlane Road Northwest Roanoke, VA HVAC Providers Wythe Sheet Metal, Inc. (Trane) 735 E Lexington St, Wytheville, VA L.A. Prillaman Company, INC (Baltimore Air Coil) Ashland, VA Stinson Heating and Cooling (York) 11 W. Main St, Lebanon, VA Critical Equipment Emerson (Liebert) Dimension Data (Solutions Provider) Roanoke, VA VA Sales Office (Sales Rep) 3897 Deep Rock Rd., Richmond, VA Eaton Corp 145 Campbell Avenue Southwest Roanoke, VA Stulz Lee Technologies, INC (Sales Rep) Innisbrook, Corp. Ctr., 4510 Cox Rd, Glen Allen, VA Schneider Electric (APC) Lee Technologies, INC (Reseller) Monument Dr., Fairfax, VA 37

38 Demographic Benchmark Results As part of the site analysis, the host community s demographics were benchmarked against the demographics of other U.S. locations that host a concentration of data centers and other mission critical facilities. Generally speaking, data centers tend to locate in areas with a high concentration of working couples without children, a strong economy and a vast talent pool. In almost all categories, the area surrounding Progress Park was found to have similar, or more advantageous, indicators. The following table highlights some of the characteristics considered. Note: Deviations from the benchmark are not necessarily an indication that the area is unable to support a data center, nor is alignment with the benchmark a guarantee of success. Rather, the benchmarking exercise is intended to serve as a guide in understanding how Progress Park differs from other data center locations. These differences may or may not be relevant depending on the labor needs of the potential user. Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. See Chapter 6 for additional information regarding the Wytheville area demographics. 38

39 Select Demographic Benchmarks Characteristic Benchmark Average Town of Wytheville Average population 70,321 8,211 Average density (people per square mile) 3, Population growth rate 5.10% 5.22% Percentage female/male 48.94%/51.06% 44.89%/55.11% Average median income $46,915 $22,210 Male $58,744 $26,540 Female $39,507 $20,466 Median age Racial diversity (non-white population) 42.73% 10.72% Place of birth In-state 47.46% 72.69% Out-of-state 28.83% 26.22% Foreign country 24.21% 0.64% Primary language spoken at home English 64.23% 97.86% Other (includes Spanish, Indo % 2.14% European, Asian and Pacific Islander languages and Other) Average household size Marital status Currently married (over age 15) 55% 51.24% Never married (over age 15) 31% 24.70% Housing Owner occupied 62.34% 50.75% Current mortgage 81.65% 43.61% Median value, owner occupied $412,375 $139,500 Rental as percentage of total units 33.69% 39.48% Average rental price $1,000-$1,499 $300-$499 Population below poverty level 7.25% 15.53% Student to teacher ratio 16:1 18:1 Table 1.6 Demographics comparison By using the benchmark data set and comparing it to the Progress Park location, certain factors stand out that should be noted. Although the population density is low, the growth rate has been strong compared to the benchmark data. The large majority of the population was born within the state while speaking English as their primary language. Diversity within the Wytheville area is quite low with 89.28% of the population being white. The median incomes are another area to note, as Wytheville is nearly 50% less than the benchmark data. 39

40 Chapter 2 Site Details Site Location Current Utilization Surrounding Uses Field Survey Climate and Weather 40

41 Site Location Prospect Park is located in an unincorporated area, four miles due east of the center of the town of Wytheville and approximately 77 miles southwest of downtown Roanoke, VA. The next nearest neighboring towns are Blacksburg, Dublin, and Pulaski which are which are respectively 26, 20, and 13 miles northeast along Route 81 in neighboring Radford, Montgomery and Pulaski Counties. Progress Park is located almost equidistant between the borders of West Virginia and North Carolina. The closest major metropolitan hub is Greensboro, NC which is approximately 95 miles away. Ashburn, VA, which is a major hub for data centers and telecommunications, is approximately 241 miles away. Charlotte, NC, another hub for data centers and telecommunications, is approximately 123 miles away. Progress Park is approximately 457 miles away from NYC and the major financial hubs. City Distance (Miles) Atlanta, GA 295 Baltimore, MD 288 Charlotte, NC 123 Columbia, SC 205 Columbus, OH 231 Greensboro, NC 95 Knoxville, TN 178 Raleigh, NC 156 Richmond, VA 200 Washington, DC 255 Table 1.7 Distances to major cities from Progress Park Graphic 1.33 and 1.34 Maps showing Progress Park in relation to state and the city of Wytheville 41

42 Progress Park Graphic 1.35 Map showing location of Progress Park Progress Park Graphic 1.36 Aerial map view of Progress Park 42

43 Photo 1.9 View of Rt.81 Current Utilization Of the 1,200+ acres within the industrial park, approximately 717 acres are currently available. Approximately 60% of the available sites are cleared and graded pad sites. The remaining available sites are rolling, hilly farmlands. The available lots range in size from as small as 3.4 acres to 160+ acre parcels. Lots 31 and 40 are separately owned parcels technically outside of the park proper; however, they are considered part of the industrial park. There are six companies with operating facilities within the park including Lane Industries, Gatorade, AMCOR, Wytheville Technologies, Brewer Automotive Components, and Coalfield Services. 43

44 The available lots are as follows: Lot Area (Acres) Lot #1 100 Lot #2 3.4 Lot #3 4.8 Lot #5 22 Lot #7 Mini Park Site Lot #8 7.2 Lot #9 26 Lot #10 40 Lot #13 29 Lot #14 Mini Park Site Lot #15 Mini Park Site Lot #16 12 Lot #19 23 Lot #20 15 Lot #23 48 Lot # Lot #32 79 Lot # Lot #40 22 Lot #41 20 Total sites currently available (Plus Mini Park Sites) Table 1.8 Progress Park lot areas For the purpose of this study we primarily focused on sites #35 / #36 and site #1. These are the sites that were surveyed during the visit to the site. Surrounding Uses Progress Park lies approximately 3 miles due east of Wytheville, VA. The area is surrounded by primarily rolling hills of farmland pastures. Within Progress Park, the major development is the Pepsico Gatorade Blue Ridge Plant. This facility is a 950,000 square foot manufacturing / bottling and distribution facility. The facility is LEED Gold Certified and one of the largest food manufacturing facilities to achieve this certification. The Amcor facility, which neighbors the Blue Ridge facility, is a blow mold plastic bottle manufacturing plant. Amcor supplies bottles to the Blue Ridge facility. Equally as large, the Amcor facility is approximately 700,000 square feet. Other neighboring facilities within Progress Park are Wytheville Technologies, Brewer Automotive Components, and Coalfield Services. 44

45 Wytheville Technologies and Brewer Automotive Components were merged together in 2003 under the ownership of Somic America, Inc, which is, in turn, owned by Somic Ishikawa of Hamamatsu, Japan. The companies supply auto parts, specifically suspension and steering components, for Toyota. Coalfield Services is a specialty design / build services company for the mining industry. Field Survey Within Progress Park, sites #35/36 and site #1 are hilly, grassy, cleared pastures. The sites are currently being used as farmland and cow pastures and are unleveled. The sites will require extensive cut and fill excavation to create a level pad for a mission critical facility. Photos 1.10, 1.11 and 1.12 Panoramic views of site #1 scanning north to northeast of the site Photos 1.13, 1.14 and 1.15 Panoramic views of site #1 scanning northeast to east Photos 1.16, 1.17 and 1.18 Panoramic views site #1 scanning southeast to south 45

46 Graphic 1.37 Aerial view showing photo locations for site #1 Photos 1.19and 1.20 Panoramic views site #35/36 scanning south to southeast Photo 1.21 View of site #35/36looking east Photos 1.22, 1.23 and 1.24 Panoramic views site #36/36 scanning east to south Photos 1.25, 1.26 and 1.27 Panoramic views site #35/36 scanning southwest to west 46

47 Graphic 1.38 Aerial view showing photo locations for sites #35/36 47

48 Climate and Weather Wytheville, VA VA U.S. Average Temp (Deg. F) Precipitation (Inches) Average Number of Days with.1 Inch or More of Precipitation (Days) Snow (Inches) Average Number of Days with 1 Inch or More of Snow (Days) Humidity (%) Wind Speed (MPH) *Source USGS Table 1.9 Average annual weather statistics from historical weather data The weather and climate for the Wytheville area is rather temperate which lends itself to the possibility of using free cooling for a mission critical facility. Free cooling is the use of the ambient outdoor temperature to cool the facility s critical load. Air quality is another factor to consider when attempting to design a facility to use a free cooling mode. Air Quality The USEPA uses the following index to assess the air quality of a particular locality. The index is a culmination of several aspects and variables of the quality of air. For each aspect and variable, the higher number will reflect in an increased rating on the Air Quality Index. Below is chart identifying the USEPA Air Quality Index. Some of the variables and aspects that are reflected in the AQI are Total Suspended Particulates, Amount of Lead, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone, Particulate Matter (PM10), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5). 48

49 Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors 0 to 50 Good Green 51 to 100 Moderate Yellow 101 to 150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Orange 151 to 200 Unhealthy Red 201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple 301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon Table 1.10 AQI Index Levels, Source USEPA The higher rating on the index, the more likely adverse health effects will affect the general local population. The air quality for the community of Wytheville has improved over history, as have state and national conditions. In 1999 the general area had an AQI rating of 57, whereas the state of Virginia had an AQI mean average of 51 and the national mean average AQI rating was 45. Today, Wytheville has an AQI rating above both the state and national averages. The AQI average for the area is at 46.1 while the state and national average is at approximately 40. This data is relevant for the fresh air intake mission critical facilities require and becomes even more important when free cooling is being utilized. The quality of the air impacts usable life of the cooling equipment, accelerating degradation of the filters and coils if the air quality is poor. Air quality can even impact the operation of the servers and fiber optic connectivity. 49

50 Chapter 3 Data Center Model Calculations Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Prototypical Colocation Data Center Design 50

51 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Prototypical Data Center Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities IT Load Calculations 90,000 90,000 90,000 Design Sweet Spot Design Sweet Spot Notes & Comments White Space White Space White Space Interior Option Exterior Option 100w per SF 120w per SF 150w per SF 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc. Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW , , Number of Server Cabinets EA 2, , , , , Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW 8, , , , , TOTAL IT LOAD KW 9, , , , , Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% Total Design KW Total amount of Cabinets / Racks EA 2, , , , , Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 60, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Total used White Space SF 81, , , , , Average White SF per Cab SF Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF 188, , , , ,000 Gross Raised Floor Area SF 90, , , , , Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 9, , , , , Interior Space Required for an Indoor Equipment Option SF 104, , , , , Total Interior Space Required for an Indoor Option SF 194, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint SF -6, , , , , Indoor options would require a Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Equipment Option SF 60, , , , , reduction of program or redundcy Total Interior Space Required for an Outdoor Option SF 150, , , , , Delta to Building Footprint (Calcs do not include inefficient space). SF 37, , , , , Calcs do not take into consideration inefficient space or support space Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 9,000, ,800, ,500, ,375, ,500, Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Total Required Load KW 15, , , , , Total Required Load KVA 19, , , , , Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, , , , , Number of Transformers EA Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Total Required Space SF 8, , , , , Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 2, , , , , UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capacity "N" KW 9, , , , , UPS Redundancy KW 2N 18, , , , , Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA Modules per System EA Total Number of Systems EA Total Capacity per System KVA 2, , , , , Total Capacity per System KW 2, , , , , Total Capacity KVA 20, , , , , Total Capacity KW 18, , , , , Total Spare Capacity KW , /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

52 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA 4, , , , , Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, , , , , Number of Systems EA Total Required Equipment Space SF 10, , , , , Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, , , , , Total Required Battery Space SF 23, , , , , Total required UPS Space SF 34, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 10, , , , , PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) N EA Total PDU(s) at 2N EA Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF 9, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 4, , , , , Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 10, , , , , Total Essential Load KW 5, , , , , Unit Rating KW 2, , , , , Total Load KW 15, , , , , Number of N units KW System Capacity KW 18, , , , , Spare Capacity on "N" KW 2, , , Configuration 2N Total # of Generators EA Generator Paralleling Switchgear EA Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA Total Footprint of Generator SF 12, , , , , Allow for Supplementary Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralleling Switchgear lineups EA Total Required Space SF 2, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA Required Fuel Storage Gal 46, , , , , Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal Day Tank Volume Total Gal 2, , , , , Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal 45, , , , , Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Solution) Configuration 2N Computer Equipment Tons 3, , , , , Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc. Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns 3, , , , , Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA Number of Redundant Chillers EA Total Number of Chillers EA Total System Tonns 7, , , , , /6/2012 Page 2 of 3

53 Prototypical Enterprise Data Center Design Options Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 Data Center Day 1 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 90,000 SF White 75,000 SF White 100,000 SF White Notes & Comments Area and Footprint Units 100W / SF 2N 120W / SF 2N 150W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N 125W / SF 2N Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, , , , , Number of Chillers EA Total Required Space for Chillers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Cooling Equipment SF 5, , , , , CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA number of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N for Equipment Rooms EA Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 12, , , , , Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF 3, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF 1, , , , , Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns Number of Cooling Towers EA Total CT Capacity Tonns 3, , , , , Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr. Gal per T Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal 190, , , , , Proposed Tank Gal 60, , , , , Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, , , , , Number of Cooling Towers EA Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 18, , , , , Allowance for Supplementary Equipment SF Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 10, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 3, , , , , Outdoor SF 2, , , , , UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 44, , , , , Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 17, , , , , Outdoor Option Indoor SF 4, , , , , Outdoor SF 12, , , , , Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF 2, , , , , Chiller Space Allocation SF 23, , , , , Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF Outdoor SF 18, , , , , CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF 4, , , , , PDU Space Allocation SF 4, , , , , Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 12, , , , , Space Allocation for PDUs SF 9, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 104, , , , , Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF 20, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 60, , , , , Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 58, , , , , /6/2012 Page 3 of 3

54 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option Prototypical Co-Location DataCenter Options Traditional A/C System Cabinet Densities Total Load (with redundant Typical Data Hall systems - spare capacity IT Load Calculations 10,000 0 White Space 100W + Number of Active Racks EA Average Power Consumption per Rack KW 2.50 Total Connected Power for Active Racks KW Number of Misc Equipment Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Misc. Equipment Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Misc. Equip. Cabs KW Number of Server Cabinets EA Average Power Consumption per Server Cab KW 4.20 Total Connected Power for Server Cabs KW TOTAL IT LOAD KW 1, Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Watts per SF (N Load) W Head Room 5% 5.50 Total Design KW Total ammonut of Cabinets / Racks EA Average SF per Cabinet SF Includes Isles and support space Square Foot of White Space SF 8, Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Total used White Space SF 9, Average White SF per Cab SF Data Hall ,000 White Space Area Units 100W Gross Square Foot Whole Building SF Gross Raised Floor Area SF 10, Design Computer Equip. Load Density W/SF UPS Minimum Usable Capacity KW 1, Notes & Comments Primary Power Gross SF of "White" space * Design Load W 1,150, Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Total Required Load KW 1, Total Required Load KVA 1, Nominal Transformer Rating KVA 2, Number of Transformers EA 1.00 Space Allocation Indoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Total Required Space SF 1, Outdoor Transformer Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF /6/2012 Page 1 of 3

55 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments UPS System - A System Static Minimum Usable UPS Capcity "N" KW 1, UPS Redundancy KW N+1 1, Module Rating KVA Module Rating KW Total Number of Modules Required EA 3.00 Modules per System EA 3.00 Total Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Capacity per System KVA 1, Total Capacity per System KW 1, Total Capacity KVA 1, Total Capacity KW 1, Total Spare Capacity KW Total Spare Capacity per system KW Number of Batteries EA Batteries per String EA Number of Strings EA Number of Strings per System EA Space Allocation Module Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Mods per system EA 3.00 System Control Cabinet Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Total Required Space per System SF 1, Number of Systems EA 1.00 Total Required Equipment Space SF 1, Footprint of Battery Strings SF Total required Battery Space per System SF 2, Total Required Battery Space SF 2, Total required UPS Space SF 3, Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 1, PDU(s) PDU nominal Rating KVA PDU(s) EA 4.00 Redundant PDU(s) for A & B distribution EA 4.00 Space Allocation PDU Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of PDU Units for Data Center EA 8.00 Space Required for PDUs in Data Center SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Generator Plant Total Critical Load KW 1, Total Essential Load KW Unit Rating KW 2, Total Load KW 1, Number of N units KW 1.00 System Capacity KW 2, Spare Capacity on "N" KW Configuration N Total # of Generators EA 2.00 Generator Paralelling Switchgear EA 0.00 Number of Gennies per Paralleling Switchgear EA 0.00 Space Allocation Generator Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of Generators EA 2.00 Total Footprint of Generator SF 1, Allow for Suplimentry Equipment SF Paralleling Switchgear Footprint SF Number of Paralling Switchgear lineups EA 0.00 Total Required Space SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Diesel Fuel Storage Requirement Consumption Rate per Generator per HR Gal Storage Interval Hrs Total Generators EA 1.00 Required Fuel Storage Gal 4, Calculation includes Day Tank Volume Day Tank Volume Gal 3, Day Tank Volume Total Gal Required Fuel Storage Tank (Day Tank - Total Required Fuel Gal Time Extra / Short Full load Hrs Delta is Hrs short per PG Lineup if redundant Gennie is used. 12/6/2012 Page 2 of 3

56 Prototypical Data Design Calculations Data Center Design Co/Lo Option 10,000 White Space Area Units 100W Notes & Comments Air Conditioning (Air Cooled Soultion) Configuration N+1 On Entire Phase 1 System Computer Equipment Tons Pressurization units Tonns UPS Equipment Cooling Tonns Envelope & Office Area Cooling Tonns Substation T/F Tonns Misc Cooling Tonns Total A/C Load "N" Load Tonns Chiller Nominal Tonnage Tonns Number of Chillers Required for Load EA 1.00 Number of Redundant Chillers EA 0.00 Total Number of Chillers EA 1.00 Total System Tonns Space Allocation Chiller Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 1, Number of Chillers EA 2.00 Total Required Space for Chillers SF 2, Allowance for Supplimentary Cooloing Equipment SF CRAC Units CRAC nominal Capacity Tonns number of CRAC for Computer Rm Load EA 8.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 1 per 5 EA 2.00 Number of Redundant CRAC for Concurrent maintainability EA 2.00 numbe of CRAC for Equipment Rooms EA 1.00 Number of Redundant CRAC at 2N EA 3.00 Total Number of CRAC(s) EA Space Allocation CRAC Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF Number of CRAC Units for Data Center EA Space Required for CRACS Data Center SF 1, Number of CRAC Units for Equipment SF 4.00 Space Required for CRACS Equipment Rooms SF Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Air Cooled Solution Provided Cooling Towers Capacity Tonns N/A Number of Cooling Towers EA N/A Total CT Capacity Tonns Design Criteria Hrs Cooling Tower Make Up Water per Hr Gal per T 2.20 Cooling Tower Make Up Water Requirements Gal 0.00 Proposed Tank Gal Space Allocation Cooling Tower Footprint (Includes Walkway) SF 2, Number of Cooling Towers EA N/A Total Required Space for Cooling Towers SF 0.00 Allowance for Supplimentary Equipment SF 0.00 Summary for Space Allocation Primary Power Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF UPS Allocated Space (Indoor) SF 4, Generator Allocated Space Indoor Option SF 1, Outdoor Option Indoor SF Outdoor SF 1, Fuel Oil Storage Allocated Space SF Chiller Space Allocation SF 2, Cooling Tower Space Allocation Indoor SF 0.00 Outdoor SF 0.00 CRAC Space Allocation in Equipment Rooms SF PDU Space Allocation SF Items in Data Center Space Allocation for CRACs SF 1, Space Allocation for PDUs SF Option #1 Indoor Option Interior Space SF 10, Option #1 Indoor Option Exterior Space SF Option #2 Outdoor Option Interior Space SF 5, Option #2 Outdoor Option Exterior Space SF 4, /14/2013 Page 3 of 3

57 Chapter 4 Fiber Carrier Details 57

58 Fiber Carrier: Verizon Business Address: One Verizon Way Basking Ridge, NJ General Phone: (908) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Specialties: Global IT, security, and communication solutions IT, Security, Communications, and Network Solutions Fiber Carrier: AT&T Address: 208 S. Akard St. Dallas, TX General Phone: (800) Web Site: Carrier Profile: Wireless service, high speed internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services Specialties: Hosting Solutions Wireless Services, ecommerce, U-Verse, Enterprise Applications & Managed Fiber Carrier: Cox Communications Address: 1400 Lake Hearn Dr. Sandy Springs, GA General Phone: (800) Web Site ww2.cox.com Carrier Profile: Specialties: Broadband delivery network Television, Broadband, Telephone, High Speed Internet 58

59 Fiber Carrier: Centurylink Address: 100 CenturyLink Drive Monroe, LA General Phone: (800) Web Site Specialties: Voice, Broadband, Digital TV, Wireless, Home security, Managed services Carrier Profile: CenturyLink is the third largest telecommunications company in the United States. The company provides broadband, voice, wireless and managed services to consumers and businesses across the country. It also offers advanced entertainment services under the CenturyLinkTM PrismTM TV and DIRECTV brands. In addition, the company provides data, voice and managed services to enterprise, government and wholesale customers in local, national and select international markets through its high-quality advanced fiber optic network and multiple data centers. 59

60 Chapter 5 Business Continuity Analysis 60

61 Natural Disaster Risk Details Seismic The index for earthquake events is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS comprised of factors including frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. The statistical data reviewed spans 50 years of recorded data. The U.S. average index is 1.8. The state of Virginia has an earthquake index rating of.2, approximately ten percent of the national average. The area of Wytheville has an index rating of 0.57, which is slightly higher than the state of Virginia. The City of Roanoke has a slightly elevated index rating of 1.09 due to the population density and the density of structures that are susceptible to damage. Out of 1,043 cities and jurisdictions in the state of Virginia, where 1 would be the most prone to seismic activity and 1,043 would be the least susceptible, the area ranks 84 or is in the top 8 th percentile. Recent seismic activity was recorded on November 2, 2006, 51 miles away. The latest seismic event had a magnitude of 4.3 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Magnitude Scale is one of a number of ways that have been developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake. The scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph to arbitrary small amplitude. An earthquake that measures 5.0 on the Richter scale has shaking amplitude 10 times larger than one that measures 4.0, and corresponds to an energy release of times greater. The largest seismic event recorded within a 50-mile radius of the site over the last 50 years occurred 31.2 miles away on November 20, The seismic event had a magnitude of 4.3. The second largest seismic event for the area occurred March 8, 1968, 32.6 miles away, with a magnitude of 3.9. The third event happened on May 30, 1974, approximately 47.1 miles away, with a magnitude of

62 Magnitude Description Average maximum Mercalli intensity Average earthquake effects Average frequency of occurrence (estimated) Less than 2.0 Micro I to II Microearthquakes, not felt, or felt rarely by sensitive people. Recorded by seismographs. Continual/several million per year I to III Minor II to V Generally felt by few to many people up to several miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Weak shaking in the felt area. Recorded by seismographs. Often felt in the area by at least many people, but very rarely causes damage. Can be felt tens of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Over one million per year Over 100,000 per year Light III to VII Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises. Many people, or everyone, feel it with slight to strong intensity. Slightly felt outside. Generally causes none to slight damage. Moderate, heavy, major, or significant damage unlikely. Some falling of objects. 10,000 to 15,000 per year Moderate IV to VIII Can cause moderate to major damage to poorly constructed buildings. At most, none to slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can be felt hundreds of 1,000 to 1,500 miles/kilometers from the epicenter at low/lower intensity. It may be reported as per year very strong to violent intensity tens of miles from the epicenter. Deaths can depend on the effects Strong VI to X Can be damaging/destructive in populated areas. Damage to many to all buildings; poorly designed structures incur moderate to severe damage. Earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage. Most likely felt hundreds of miles/kilometers from the epicenter. Death toll between none and more than 50, to 150 per year Major VII to XII Can cause great/greater damage over larger areas. Damage to all buildings; many to all receive moderate to very heavy damage, or collapse partially to completely. Death toll is usually between none to more than 150, to 20 per year Great VIII to XII Can cause major damage across very wide, large areas. Many to all buildings in epicentral area severely damaged or destroyed. Buildings further from the epicenter are also likely to incur damage of any level. Very strong shaking up to a few hundred miles/kilometers away. Death toll is usually between 100 to more than 500,000, however some earthquakes this magnitude have killed none. One per year (rarely none, two, or over two per year) Destructive to very devastating in extremely large areas. Many to all buildings severely damaged to completely destroyed up to tens of miles from the epicenter. Easily felt and/or damaging at extremely distant points. Ground changes. Death toll usually between 1,000 and one million. One per 5 to 50 years Massive/Epic IX to XII Heavy, widespread, colossal damage/devastation across enormous areas. Will destroy buildings fairly easily and quickly. Death toll most likely will be over 50,000 people. Large ground changes. Never recorded; see below for equivalent seismic energy yield. None per year (unknown, extremely rare, or impossible/may not be possible) Table 1.11 Magnitudes of seismic activity on the Richter Scale, Source USGS 62

63 Tornados Based on an index similar to the earthquake index, the U.S. average for tornados is The average is compiled from a complex algorithm from the USGS and comprised of factors from frequency of the hazard or event, damage exposure from an event, and the vulnerability of infrastructure from an event. The state of Virginia has a tornado index rating of 88.66, approximately 64% below the national average. The area of Wytheville has a tornado index rating of This is less than half of the state s average. Within the statistical data of set of a 50-year period within a 50-mile radius of the site, there have been a total of 9 tornado events. All events recorded had a magnitude rating of at least 2 on the Fujita scale. The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornados inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists (and engineers) after a ground and/or aerial damage survey; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry/ videogrammetry (if motion picture recording was available). The closest tornado event occurred 28.9 miles away in Alleghany County on May 8, The storm caused an estimated $200,000 worth of damage across an area of approximately 5 miles. This was also recorded as the most recent tornado. Tornado Rating Classifications Rating F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Tornado Scale Weak Strong Violent Damage Significant Wind Intense Table 1.12 Tornado magnitude ratings, Source NOAA 63

64 Scale Estimated wind speed mph km/h Relative frequency Average Damage Path Width (meters) Potential damage F % Light damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged. Moderate damage. F % The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. Significant damage. F % Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; highrise windows broken and blown in; light-object missiles generated. Severe damage. F % Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown. F % Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated. Incredible damage. F <0.1% 1100 ~ Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 m (109 yd); trees debarked; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. Table 1.13 Tornado magnitude ratings on Fujita Scale, Source NOAA 64

65 Extreme Weather From a period between 1950 and 2010 there were 2,749 extreme weather events within a 50-mile radius of Progress Park. Extreme weather events are considered to be weather phenomena that are at the extremes of the historical distribution, especially severe or unseasonal weather. The most commonly used definition of extreme weather is based on an event's climatological distribution. An extreme weather event can range from a severe storm resulting in property damage to an event as common as an above / below average temperature day. The events are broken down in the following classifications: Progress Park Virginia Statewide Event Type 50-Mile Radius Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year* Statewide Event Occurrence Average Events Per Year Blizzard Cold Dense Fog Drought Flood , Hail , Heat Heavy Snow High Surf Hurricane Ice Storm Landslides Strong Winds Thunderstorm Winds 1, , Tropical Storms Wild Fires Winter Storms Winter Weather Other , Total Events 2, , *Source USGS Table 1.14 Extreme weather events within 50-mile radius over 60 year period, Source USGS 65

66 It should be noted the statistical data covers a large area. A radius of 50 miles from the site covers an area of almost 13% of the entire state of Virginia. It is also important to note that, in all the categories of extreme weather events, occurrences in the area of Wytheville are well below the state s average. Events such as hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards and floods pose the greatest risk to the continual operation of a data center operation and, therefore, are of the greatest concern. In these categories, as well as in most categories, the site compares very favorably with other U.S. locations. Man-Made Disaster Risk Details Ultimately, any facility within close proximity to dense population and to the infrastructure that supports that population is susceptible to any and all of these risks to some degree. Some risks are more probable than others. In performing these risk analyses, the question of what if? is a common theme. The biggest part of the risk assessment is identifying the risk and implementing measures to mitigate potential disruptions to operations. The list of potential man-made disasters is quite extensive. Some of the categories of man-made disasters include: A. Infrastructure and Engineering failures 1. Building Collapse 2. Bridge and Roadway Failures 3. Tunnel Failure 4. Dam Failure 5. Nuclear Plant Disasters 6. Electrical Infrastructure Failure 7. Sewer System Failure 8. Water System Failure 9. Gas Pipeline Rupture B. Environmental Disasters 1. Chemical Leak 2. Biohazard C. Fire D. Industrial Accidents and Incidents E. Transportation Failures 1. Train Accidents a. Passenger b. Freight 2. Airline Disasters F. Massacres G. Non-Combat Military Accidents H. Space Accidents 66

67 I. Terrorist Attacks J. Weapons of Mass Destruction 1. Chemical 2. Biological 3. Nuclear During the site selection process for a data center or other mission critical facility, a detailed risk assessment report is typically performed in conjunction with the design and tier classification of the particular facility. The facility tier classification dictates how reliable the facility should be and the facility s projected downtime. A tier IV facility is the most reliable facility with an uptime rating of four nines (99.995% of the time up and running or an average of minutes per year of downtime). Potential man-made disasters are factored in when calculated this uptime rating. A review of Progress Park and the surrounding area resulted in very few concerns regarding man-made risks. Those that do exist include rail accidents along the Norfolk Southern rail line and the presence of a major interstate natural gas transmission line. The Northern Suffolk rail line runs at the southern end of Progress Park. The rail line borders the park and is clearly visible from site #35/36. Additionally, there is a connecting rail spur that services Amcor. The rail spur bends around the south, east and northeast borders of site #35/36. Although site #35/36 elevation is substantially higher than the rail line, a rail accident on this line could have a direct impact on the operation of a mission critical facility. On the northern border of Progress Park lies an interstate natural gas transmission route. This route consists of 3 major gas lines; an 8, a 12 and a 24. As recently as December 12, 2012, an 800 section of Highway 77 was destroyed from a fire and eruption of a 20 natural gas transmission line. This incident occurred less than 100 miles away in West Virginia. An incident involving the rupturing or explosion of one or more of these natural gas lines would adversely affect the operation of a mission critical facility. An additional area of concern is the manufacturing activities of Wytheville Technologies and Brewer Automotive Components. According to articles and website information, manufacturing activities include plating. Plating is manufacturing process that produces a surface covering that serves a range of applications and uses such as decorating objects, inhibiting corrosion, improving solder ability, hardening, reducing friction and for other purposes. Chemicals and byproducts of this process have been known to be toxic and / or corrosive. The risks from an industrial accident from either of these facilities are rather low. This fact is evidenced by the neighboring presence of a food manufacturing facility. Food manufacturing facilities employ similar due diligence in the site selection processes as mission critical facilities. However, it is prudent to note the manufacturing facility and the manufacturing activities at the auto parts plant and the remote possibility of an industrial accident affecting a mission critical facilities operation. Although there are no military bases near Wytheville, there is the Radford Army 67

68 Ammunition Plant located just outside the town of Dublin. The facility, which consists of 6,901 acres, is approximately 20 miles away to the northeast. The plant which is operated by BAE manufactures propellants and explosives in support of field artillery, air defense, tank, missile, aircraft and Navy weapons systems. Even should a catastrophic event occur at the plant, which is a remote possibility at most, the event would likely have no direct impact on the operation of a mission critical facility at Progress Park. However, it should also be noted the facility has a direct rail spur that is connected to the Norfolk Southern rail line which could bring the propellants and explosives within a closer proximity of Progress Park if the rail line was used for transporting them. Photo 1.28 and 1.29 Showing Norfolk Southern rail lines Public Transportation Airports The nearest airport is Roanoke Regional Airport, located in the northeast quadrant of the city of Roanoke. Roanoke Regional Airport is the primary passenger and cargo airport for southwest Virginia. The airport averages 50 flights daily with regular service to Charlotte, NC; Chicago, IL (O Hare); Philadelphia, PA; Detroit, MI; Atlanta, GA; Washington D.C. (Dulles); and LaGuardia (NYC) airports. Allegiant Air, Delta, United Airlines, and U.S. Airways are the major airlines. There are two small public airports in the area. Mountain Empire Airport is small with one asphalt surface runway located in Rural Retreat, VA. It s approximately 15 miles away. Based aircraft statistics show 22 single engine aircrafts as well as 1 multi-engine aircraft. Twin County Airport is located in Galax Hillsville, VA which is approximately 20 miles away. Galax Hillsville is located in Carroll County. The airport has approximately 173 aircraft operations per week. This airport has a single asphalt runway 4,204 feet in length. Although officially the airport has two runways, it is in essence the same runway with either an east or west approach. The airport can accept small corporate jets or 68

69 small multi-engine propeller airplanes. Passenger Rail Service The nearest public rail service is located in Clifton Forge, VA and Greensboro, NC. Clifton Forge is approximately 90 miles northeast of Progress Park. Greensboro is approximately 95 miles southeast of Progress Park. There is one train that offers service to Washington D.C. from Clifton Forge via the Cardinal line. The Cardinal Line operates between Chicago and New York City, three days a week. The trip From Clifton Forge to Washington D.C. is approximately 5.5 hours. There are two train routes offered from Greensboro, The Crescent, and the Carolinian/Piedmont lines. The Crescent line offers service between New York City and New Orleans, LA. The Carolinian/Piedmont line offers service between Charlotte, NC and New York City. The trip to Washington D.C from Greensboro is approximately 6 hours on the Crescent versus 8 hours on the Carolinian/Piedmont line. Graphic 1.39 Amtrak Cardinal Line Graphic 1.40 Amtrak Crescent Line Graphic 1.41 Amtrak Carolinian/Piedmont Line 69

70 Bus and Taxi Service After researching the town of Wytheville for public transportation bus service, we found no such service in place. There is a Greyhound bus service that travels to Washington D.C. This route takes approximately 8 hours. Service is also available to Roanoke where the airport is located. This trip takes approximately 1.2 hours. There are a few taxi and car service companies in Wytheville, VA. 70

71 Chapter 6 Demographic Details 71

72 Demographics The general health of the area and the future projections for the general area are important factors in determining whether or not a site is suitable for a mission critical facility. The following pages include an overview of the demographic attributes of the area surrounding Progress Park. Note: Prospective data center operators are encouraged to speak with local utility and economic development officials to gain greater insight into the local labor force dynamics, including commute tolerances, detailed occupational profiles, and current hiring conditions. Background The demographic information for Progress Park is based on the statistical data for Wytheville; however, the surrounding area in which the park is located is sparsely populated. Statistics for Surrounding Counties Population Total Area (Sq Miles) Radford County 16, Montgomery County 94, Pulaski County 34, Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.15 Population information on surrounding counties The three surrounding counties have a total area of square miles and a combined population density of people per square mile. Demographic Details Of note, the population growth rate in the immediate area is far below that of the state of Virginia (13%) and the U.S. national average (9.7%), as measured over the period Population, Counts, Density and Growth Wytheville Wythe County Population 8,211 29,235 Area (square miles) Population Density (people per square mile) Population Growth 5.22% 5.93% (since 2000) Source: 2010 U.S. Census Table 1.16 Population information for Wytheville 72

73 The median age for the United States is 37.2 years old; the median for Virginia is As indicated by the following median age statistics, the area surrounding Progress Park are comprised of a population not much older than the state or nation. Population by Age Population Wytheville, Bracket VA % State of Virginia (%) U.S. (%) Under 5 years to 9 years to 14 years to 19 years to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years 1, to 54 years 1, to 64 years 1, to 74 years to 84 years years and over Total 8, Median age *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.17 Population by age The race make-up of the surrounding area is predominantly white, making up approximately 90% of the population. The following chart shows the race make-up of the surrounding population to Progress Park. Population by Ethnicity Race Wytheville, VA (%) Virginia (%) U.S. (%) White Black Hispanic Asian Native American One Race Other Two Races Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.18 Population by ethnicity 73

74 The following table shows the first ancestry make-up of the population in the area. Note: not everyone claims (reports) first ancestry. For example, only 71.78% of Wytheville s population claims first ancestry. Population by First Ancestry Wytheville, VA (%) Virginia (%) U.S. (%) Arab Czech Danish Dutch English French German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scotch- Irish Scottish Sub- Saharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian American Welsh *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.19 Population by first ancestry 74

75 Below gives a snapshot of the languages spoken within the home in the Progress Park area. Languages Spoken at Home Wytheville % VA (%) U.S. (%) English 3, Spanish % Other Indo- European Languages Asian and Pacific Islander Languages Other *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.20 Languages spoken at home The following chart shows the statistical information for households and families of Wytheville in comparison to the state of Virginia and national averages. Housing and Household Statistics Wytheville % VA (Totals and %) U.S. (Totals and %) Total 3,842 3,056, ,716,292 Households Average Household Size 1 Person 1, % 26.74% Households 2 or more Person households 2, % 73.26% Family Households Average Family Size Married Couple Family 2, % 66.43% , % 48.42% Non-Family 1, % 33.57% Households *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.21 Housing and housing statistics 75

76 Income Statistics Wytheville, VA Virginia U.S. Median Household Income $38,607 $60,674 $50,046 Mean Household Income $57,908 $81,608 $68,259 Population at or Below Poverty Level 15.53% 11.08% 15.33% Families at or Below Poverty Level *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.22 Income statistics 8.97% 7.75% 11.28% The area, in general has witnessed around 37% growth in household income when compared to year 2000 to year 2010 statistical data. This is a very good indicator as to the economic health of the area. Employment Status Wytheville % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Population 16 6,632 6,385, ,832,923 years and over Male 3, Male in Labor 2, Force Male in Armed Services Male Civilian 2, Male Civilian 1, Employed Male Civilian Unemployed Male not in Labor Force Female 3, Female in 1, Labor Force Female in Armed Services Female 1, Civilian Female 1, Civilian Employed Female Civilian Unemployed Female not in 1, Labor Force *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.23 Employment of population 16 and over 76

77 Careers - Occupation Wytheville % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed 3,539 3,814, ,033, years and over Male 1, Management, Professional, and Related Occupations Service Occupations Sales and Office Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction, Extraction, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations. Female 1, Management, Professional, and Related Occupations Service Occupations Sales and Office Occupations Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction, Extraction, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.24 Occupation by careers 77

78 Careers - Industry Wytheville % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Civilian Employed 16 years and over Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, and Mining 3,539 3,814, ,033, % 1.90% Construction % 6.25% Manufacturing % 10.39% Wholesale % 2.83% Trade Retail Trade % 11.65% Transportation, % 4.92% Warehouse, Utilities Information % 2.17% Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Rental, Leasing % 6.67% Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, Waste Management Services Educational Services, Health Care, Social Assistance Arts Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, Food Services % 10.58% % 23.24% % 9.25% Public % 5.17% Administration Other Misc % 4.97% Administration *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.25 Careers by industry The mean average commute to work for the residents of Wytheville is 18.2 minutes. The state of Virginia s average commute to work is 27.2 minutes and the national average is 25.3 minutes. 78

79 Based on 2006 to 2010 data, the median house value in Wytheville is $139,500. This is compared to the state of Virginia median house value $249,100 and the national median average house value of $179,900. The average house age in Wytheville is roughly 40 years old while the state of Virginia s average house age is 33 years old and the national average is 37 years old. Housing Occupancy Wytheville % VA (Totals & %) U.S. (Totals & %) Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units 4,258 3,364, ,704,730 3, % 88.62% Owner Occupied 2, % 57.69% Renter Occupied 1, % 30.93% Vacancy Housing Units Housing Units For Rent % 11.38% % 3.14% For Sale Only % 1.44% Rented or Not Sold, Not Occupied For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use % 0.48% % 3.53% For Migrant Workers % 0.02% Other Vacant % 2.77% *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.26 Housing by occupancy 79

80 Housing Costs Statistics Wytheville, VA Virginia U.S. Owner Occupied with Mortgage 43.61% 72.01% 67.23% Owner Occupied without Mortgage 56.39% 27.59% 32.77% Housing Costs with a Mortgage $1,064 $1,728 $1,496 Housing Costs without a Mortgage $298 $409 $431 *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.27 Housing costs The median average for gross monthly rents in the community of Wytheville is $491. The following chart indicates the general distribution of the cost of rental units. Gross Monthly Rents Monthly Rents Wytheville (%) VA (%) U.S. (%) $199 or Less $200 to $ $300 to $500 to $ $700 top $ $1,00 to $1, $1,500 to $1, $2,000 or more *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.28 Gross monthly rents for housing units 80

81 The primary method for household heating in the area around Progress Park is electricity. Utility gas is the second most prevalent method for heating homes in the area. The following table illustrates the diversity of household heating methods for the general area, state, and the United States. Methods of Household Heating Wytheville (%) VA (%) U.S. (%) Utility Gas Bottled, Tank, or LP Gas Electricity Fuel Oil, Kerosene Coal or Coke Wood, Pellets, or Similar Combustible Material Solar Energy (Active or Passive) Other Fuel No Fuel Used *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.29 Methods for home heating Heating and Cooling Costs Index Wytheville VA U.S. Heating Cooling *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.30 Heating and cooling costs index 81

82 Wytheville has its own government and according to 2010 census data, there were a total of 169 government employees. This equates to municipal government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $ per resident, and an annual burden of $1, per household. The state of Virginia, according to 2010 census data, has 124,709 government employees. This equates to government employees per 1,000 residents, an annual burden of $ per resident, and an annual burden of $2, per household. Wytheville, VA Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government Financial Administration 152 $395,254 $31, $41, $12,990 $31,176 0 $0 5 Firefighters 6 $17,902 $35,804 0 $0 6 Other Government Administration 10 $27,040 $32,448 0 $0 10 Streets & Highways 30 $77,315 $30,926 3 $2, Parks & Recreation 17 $39,451 $27, $14, Police Protection - Officers 25 $77,680 $37,286 0 $0 25 Police-Other 11 $25,773 $28,116 0 $0 11 Sewerage 14 $32,415 $27,784 5 $10, Solid Waste Management 6 $8,933 $17,866 0 $0 6 Other & Unallocable 16 $45,279 $33,959 6 $8, Water Supply 12 $30,476 $30,476 4 $4, Totals for Government 152 $395, $41, Yearly payroll $4,743,048 $492, Population 8,211 Total Payroll $5,235,276 Burden per Person $ Households 3,842 Burden per Household $1, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.31 Wytheville, VA government employees and population burdens 82

83 Government Employees and Population Burdens State of Virginia Full-Time Employees Monthly Full- Time Payroll Equivalent Average Annual Wage Part-Time Employees Monthly Part- Time Payroll Full-Time Equivalent Employees Totals for Government 105,968 $464,599,744 $52,612 51,859 $65,998, ,709 Correction 13,782 $42,640,042 $37, $449,648 13,941 Higher Education - Other Higher Education - Instructional 26,461 $101,840,713 $46,185 26,651 $21,974,113 35,691 14,496 $107,512,824 $89,001 15,300 $28,097,871 18,895 Other Education 2,603 $11,589,323 $53, $1,075,328 2,910 Social Insurance Administration Financial Administration 1,301 $4,870,946 $44, $1,120,645 1,696 3,922 $16,569,398 $50, $863,602 4,274 Judicial & Legal 3,552 $16,746,486 $56, $472,112 3,643 Other Government Administration 513 $2,517,974 $58, $931, Health 5,106 $20,037,292 $47, $1,493,318 5,601 Hospitals 13,789 $52,391,638 $45,594 2,427 $4,589,960 14,757 Streets & Highways Natural Resources Parks & Recreation Police Protection - Officers 7,559 $31,722,054 $50, $192,246 7,610 1,990 $9,006,688 $54, $541,939 2, $2,422,072 $42, $523, ,168 $10,466,886 $57, $19,544 2,174 Police-Other 721 $2,664,150 $44, $123, Water Transport & Terminals Other & Unallocable Welfare 2,666 $10,239,372 $46, $507,702 2, $664,428 $62,781 2 $4, ,664 $17,897,960 $58, $1,152,874 4,049 Liquor Stores 857 $2,799,498 $39,200 1,454 $1,865,728 1,832 Totals for Government 105,968 $464,599,744 51,859 $65,998, ,709 Yearly payroll $5,575,196,928 $791,987, Population 8,001,024 Total Payroll $6,367,184,784 Burden per Person $ Households 3,056,058 Burden per Household $2, *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.32 State of Virginia government employees and population burdens 83

84 The Wythe County Public School District is ranked 105 th out of the state s 130 school districts, putting the district within the bottom 19% of the state. There were a total of 242 teachers for 4,336 students in the school year. This yields a student to teacher ratio for the school district. The 13 public schools serve grades Pre-K to Grade 12. There are two private schools in Wytheville: Granite Christian Academy (Pre- K to Grade 11 and Minnick Education Center (Grades 2-12). Wythe County School District Total Students 4,336 4,419 4,398 English Language Learner Students: Total Teachers: Prekindergarten: Kindergarten: Elementary: Secondary: Ungraded: NA NA NA Total Other Staff: Instructional Aides: Instructional Coordinators & Supervisors: Total Guidance Counselors: Elementary Guidance Counselors: Secondary Guidance Counselors: Other Guidance Counselors: 3 3 NA Librarians/Media Specialists: Library/Media Support: District Administrators: District Administrative Support: School Administrators: School Administrative Support: Student Support Services: Other Support Services: Student-Teacher Ratio: *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.33 Wythe County school district statistics 84

85 There are 11 noteworthy universities, colleges, or higher education facilities located within 50 miles of Progress Park. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) is located in Blacksburg, VA and is the largest university within the 50- mile radius. University/College Student Population Institution Type Town Wytheville Community College 1,641 2-year, public Wytheville Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 30,739 4-year, public Blacksburg New River Community College 4,889 2-year, public Dublin Bluefield College year, private, not-for-profit Bluefield Bluefield State College 2,838 4-year, public Bluefield, WV Mercer County Technical Education Center 73 2-year, public Princeton, WV Valley College of Technology 24 2-year, private, for-profit Princeton, WV Radford University 8,565 4-year, public Radford Life Bible College-East 17 4-year, private, not-for-profit Christiansburg Southwest Virginia Community College 2,465 2-year, public Richlands Emory and Henry College year, private, not-for-profit Emory *Source 2010 Census Data Table 1.34 Local universities and colleges 85