Ecological Principles for Natural. Resource Management
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- Rachel Howard
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1 Objectives Basic ecological principles that are important for understanding natural resources and their management Plant and ecosystem focus 1
2 Definitions Natural resources Natural resource management Renewable vs. nonrenewable Sustainable vs. non-sustainable 2
3 Definitions Ecology Ecological Hierarchy 3
4 Ecological Hierarchy Landscapes Communities Biosphere Ecosystems Organisms (Individuals) Populations 4
5 Ecological Hierarchy Landscapes (Individuals) 5
6 Definitions Ecosystem ecology Ecosystem Biotic components Abiotic components Ecosystem Attributes 6
7 Spatial scales of Ecosystems 7
8 Ecosystem (& Soil) Development & Processes 8
9 Climate - Solar Radiation Earth s solar energy budget Over a year, Inputs Outputs 9
10 Climate - Solar Radiation 10
11 Climate - Solar Radiation 11
12 Climate - Solar Radiation Hadley Cell Circulation Coriolis Effect 12
13 Where is productivity highest? Lowest? What are the latitudinal patterns? Other patterns? 13
14 How do temperature patterns compare with those of NPP? 14
15 How do precipitation patterns compare with those of NPP? 15
16 Is temperature or precipitation a better predictor of NPP? 16
17 Climate - Ecosystem Types 17
18 Climate - Global Biome Types 18
19 Regional Climate - Orographic Effect Oahu 19
20 20
21 Regional Climate - Orographic Effect Hawaii 21
22 Regional Climate - Orographic Effect Leeward Windward 22
23 Local Climate - Elevation & Aspect Elevation N Aspect S 23
24 Solar Radiation - Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy <--> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 24
25 Photosynthesis Light Temperature H 2 O Nutrients Nitrogen Content (g m -2 ) 25
26 Ecosystem Water Budget Inputs - Outputs = DStorage 26
27 Water Budget - Transpiration Sunlight CO 2 H 2 O Transpiration Hydraulic Lift 27
28 Soils - So much more than dirt! 28
29 Carbon Cycling - Energy cycling Nutrient Uptake Decomposers Consumption 29
30 Carbon Cycling - Trophic Chains 30
31 Carbon Cycling - Trophic Pyramid 31
32 Nutrient Cycling & Uptake 32
33 Nutrient Cycling & Uptake Inputs - Outputs = DS 33
34 Nutrient Cycling & Uptake Inputs - Outputs = DS Table 7.1. Major Sources of Nutrients that Are Absorbed by Plants a. Source of plant nutrient (% of total) Nutrient Deposition/fixation Weathering Recycling Temperate forest (Hubbard Brook) Nitrogen Phosphorus 1 < 10 > 89 Potassium Calcium Tundra (Barrow) Nitrogen Phosphorus 4 < 1 96 a Data from (Whittaker et al. 1979, Chapin et al. 1980b) 34
35 Ecological Hierarchy - Populations Landscapes (Individuals) 35
36 Populations - Size 36
37 Populations - Size 37
38 Populations - Growth Rate 38
39 Populations - Distribution 39
40 Populations - Structure Single Species Mixed Species 40
41 Ecological Hierarchy - Communities Landscapes (Individuals) 41
42 Communities - Interspecific Interactions 42
43 Communities - Mutualism (+, +) N-fixation (root nodule) Mycorrizhae Lichens 43
44 Communities - Commensalism (+, 0) Epiphyte Facilitation 44
45 Communities - Parasitism (+, -) Korthalsella sp. (HI Mistletoe) 45
46 Communities - Predation (+, -) 46
47 Communities - Competition (-, -) 47
48 Communities - Competition (Niche) 48
49 Communities - Competitive Exclusion Species A Species A Species B Species B 49
50 Communities - Competitive Exclusion Species A Species B 50
51 Communities - Resource Partitioning 51
52 Communities - Ecological Succession 52
53 Primary Succession 53
54 Secondary Succession 54
55 Communities - Disturbances (Fire) 55
56 Communities - Disturbances (Wind) 56
57 Communities - Disturbances (DIPs) 57
58 Communities - Disturbances (Humans) 58
59 Communities - Ecological Succession 59
60 Communities - Ecological Succession 60
61 Ecology Matters Natural resource management = the application of ecological principles to the management of natural resources To manage biota, you have to understand ecology 61
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