Name: Family Date: Monday Nov. 3, 2014 Living Environment HW

Transcription

1 Name: Family Date: Monday Nov. 3, 2014 Complete the following Analogy Table Organelle Function Body Classroom Town Nucleus Genetic information Endoplasmic Transport reticulum Channels Ribosomes Protein synthesis Golgi Packaging and apparatus storage Lysosomes Recycling and breaking down worn cell parts Cell membrane Space containing all organelles Vacuoles Storage, digestion, excretion Chloroplasts Convert sunlight to energy Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Cell Wall Protection from outside Cytoplasm The inside of the cell, where organelles are found Brain Teacher Town hall Blood Vessels (Blood) Grocery store Liver, Fat Tissue Kidney Waste bin City dump The skin Walls of the room, door Stomach Cabinets Storage facilities Stomach Stomach, muscles Skin The inside of the body Classroom walls Electricity

2 Name: Family Date: Tuesday Nov. 4, 2014 Complete the following table: Organelle Plant/Animal/Both Function Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Vacuole Ribosome Golgi ER Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Nucleus Cytoplasm Lysosomes Centrioles

3 Name: Family Date: Wednesday Nov. 5, 2014 Cell organelles: For 3 extra credit points, write the three components of the cell theory Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The cell part that controls most of the cell's activities is the. a. nucleus c. cytoplasm b. vacuole d. centriole 2. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs? a. cell membrane and cell wall c. mitochondria and chloroplasts b. ribosomes and cell membrane d. nucleus and vacuole 3. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs? a. cell wall and centriole c. cell membrane and nuclear membrane b. lysosomes and vacuoles d. chloroplasts and nucleolus 4. Cell 1 of Figure 2-1 is probably a plant cell because of the presence of. a. mitochondria c. a nucleus b. chloroplasts d. a vacuole 5. The main function of the cell wall is to a. support and protect the cell. b. store DNA. c. direct the activities of the cell. d. help the cell move. 6. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus? a. stores DNA b. controls most of the cell s processes c. contains the information needed to make proteins d. all of the above 7. Which of the following is NOT found in a plant cell? a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. centrioles d. DNA

4 8. Which of the following is a function of the vacuoles? a. helps a cell keep its shape b. controls the cell c. digestion and excretion d. make proteins 9. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. Golgi apparatus b. mitochondrion c. vacuole d. ribosome 10. Which organelles help provide cells with energy? a. mitochondria and chloroplasts b. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes 11. Which of the following structures serves as the cell s outer boundary and regulates what goes in & out of the cell? a. mitochondrion b. cell membrane c. chloroplast d. channel proteins Matching a. Golgi apparatus d. Vacuole b. Endoplasmic reticulum e. Cytoplasm c. Lysosomes 12. Jelly-like material found in the cell. Contains organelles & where most cell processes take place. 13. Acts as cell s clean up crew by digesting worn out organelles & molecules. 14. Stores water, salt, & other molecules. Oversized in plants to enable them to support flowers & leaves. 15. Acts like transportation system by modifying & exporting materials. Has 2 forms, smooth & rough. 16. Modifies, sorts, and packages cellular materials.

5 Name: Family Date: Thursday Nov. 6, 2014 Plant vs. Animal 1 Cells can be found in all living things. There are several types of cells. They are usually separated into prokaryotic (pronounced "proh-kar-ee-ahtik") or eukaryotic (pronounced "yoo-kar-ee-ah-tik") and are either plant or animal cells. An "animal" cell could be anything from a tiny, one-celled microorganism like an amoeba to a nerve cell from your brain. Plant cells are cells found in any plant that uses photosynthesis to make its own food. 2 The first classification of cells is whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are simpler cells. They were probably the first cells on earth. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or any membrane-covered organelles. The only cells on earth that are prokaryotes are bacteria (either Archebacteria or Eubacteria). Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane covered organelles. Things that have eukaryotic cells include animals, plants, protists, and fungi. Organelle means "little organ." Organelles are the parts inside a cell that have specific functions or jobs. Just as the human body has organs that do specific jobs, cells have organelles, or little organs, that do specific jobs in the cell. In the human body, the heart is an organ whose job is to pump blood. In a cell, the mitochondria are organelles whose job is to convert food into energy. 3 Plant cells and animal cells have many of the same characteristics, but they are different in some ways. Plant cells are easier to identify under a microscope because they have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose outside the cell membrane. This gives the plant, and the cell, structure and support. Animal cells do not have a cell wall. 4 Another way plant cells are different from animal cells is that plant cells usually have just one very large vacuole. Animal cells may have more than one vacuole, and they are smaller than a plant cell's. Vacuoles are used to store materials in the cell that may be used by the cell or wastes that must be moved out of the cell. Often, plant cells store water in the vacuole. When a plant doesn't get enough water, it must use the stored water in its vacuoles to live. This causes the plant to "wilt." When a plant wilts, it cannot support itself anymore. The water inside each cell's vacuole helps the plant to stand up, like air in a beach ball makes the ball "stand up." If the plant uses the stored water, then the plant becomes less firm and may finally become so limp that it lies on the ground. After watering, if the permanent wilting point has not been reached, the limp plant will become firm and again "stand up." 5 Plants also have organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. This is what makes leaves appear green. This special organelle and the chemical chlorophyll enable plants to capture energy from the sun in a process called photosynthesis and convert the energy to sugars that the plant uses for food. Plants are the only eukaryotes on earth that can make their own food because of this special organelle. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. 6 If plant and animal cells were in a survival contest, who do you think would win? One of the most important needs that must be met to survive is the need for food. Since plants can make their own food, they have a huge advantage over animals. All animals must hunt their own food, whether that food is a plant or another animal

6 1. Which cells probably were first on earth? A. Animal cells B. Prokaryotic cells C. Eukaryotic cells D. Plant cells 2. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-covered organelles, and prokaryotic cells don't. B. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-covered organelles, and eukaryotic cells don't. 3. What are organelles? A. Little organs B. Parts inside a cell that have specific functions C. Eukaryotic cells D. Prokaryotic cells E. Both a and b are correct 4. What are the differences between plant and animal cells? A. Plant cells are eukaryotic, and animal cells are prokaryotic. B. Animal cells are eukaryotic, and plant cells are prokaryotic. C. Animal cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and one large vacuole. D. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and one large vacuole. 5. What is a cell wall made of? A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Sugars D. Cellulose 6. What is the function of the cell wall? A. Lets molecules pass in and out B. Lets water pass in and out C. Tells the cell what to do D. Gives the plant structure and support 7. What is the function of the vacuole? A. Gives the plant food B. Stores materials in the cell that may be used by the cell or wastes that must be moved out of the cell C. Tells the cell what to do D. Lets water pass in and out 8. What is the function of the chloroplast? A. Changes energy from the sun into sugars B. Lets water pass in and out C. Tells the cell what to do D. Stores materials to be used or eliminated

7 Answer the following questions using the diagram above: 1. Cell is a plant cell, because it has _. 2. Structure labelled A in both cells performs a similar function as the in the human body. 3. Which cell structure from cell 1 may be associated with the life function excretion? Cell structure: _ 4. Which cell structure performs a similar function as the human lungs? _ 5. Why is the structure labelled E not found in cell 1?