Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Concept with Future
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1 Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Concept with Future Roland Matthé Adam Opel AG Automotive Propulsion Mobility Innovations 3 rd International AMI Congress 5th June 2012 Leipzig
2 Opel and GM Milestones in Electric Propulsion Electric Propulsion System Development 2000 HydroGen HydroGen / Sunraycer 1991 Impuls 1996 EV Volt 2011 Ampera 2012 RAK e (concept) 1990 Impact (concept) 1997 S10 Electric 2-Mode Hybrids
3 Million barrels per day World Petroleum Production by Source 120 Uncertainty about availability 100 Unconventional oil 80 Natural gas liquids 60 Crude oil: fields yet to be found Oil: $ 10 trillion cumulative investments required % 10% 87% Upstream Transport Refining Year Crude oil: fields yet to be developed Crude oil: currently producing fields Source: World Energy Outlook International Energy Agency, 2011
4 Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy Improve vehicle fuel economy and emissions Displace petroleum IC engine and transmission improvements Hybrid electric vehicles (including plug-in HEV) Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles Battery electric vehicles/e-rev Energy Diversity Petroleum Alternative fuels (CNG, LPG) Electricity Hydrogen
5 Paradigm Shift: Tomorrow s Vehicles are Powered Electrically Opel RAK e (BEV) Opel Ampera (E-REV) Opel HydroGen4 (FCEV)
6 Limiting Factors for Battery Development
7 Battery Range 100 km Eco drive style, no HVAC 80 km Eco drive style, with HVAC Sporty drive style, with HVAC 40 km 60 km Sporty drive style, with HVAC at extreme ambient temperatures
8 Future of Battery Electric Vehicles Electric range will remain a limiting factor Time for recharging is significant Solution for city driving Köln Bonn Koblenz Wiesbaden Marburg 80 km 40 km Frankfurt 150 km Mainz Rüsselsheim Darmstadt Würzburg Trier Heidelberg Saarbrücken Karlsruhe Stuttgart
9 Comparison E-REV vs. BEV E-REV Power Electric energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance BEV Power Electric energy Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance
10 Comparison E-REV vs. PHEV E-REV Power Electric energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance PHEV Power Elec. energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance
11 Battery System Energy Requirement Electric Vehicle Mode Range, Useable Energy 25% 20% 15% 80% of daily driving are 50 km or less require about 8 kwh of useable energy 10% 5% 0% > 100 km Source: Mobilität in Deutschland, 2002
12 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System
13 Opel Ampera Electric Vehicles with Extended Range State of charge Parking Battery Mode (Engine off) = Charge depletion Extended Range Mode (Engine generator on) = Charge sustaining Charge Mode Electric on-board charger connected to grid Parking 100% Regenerative braking Engine will be off at certain times Time Electric vehicle with 60 km electric range in urban driving Full performance in battery mode: Top speed 160 km/h & 10 sec for 0 to 100 km/h
14 Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV) Max. power: 111 kw Max. torque: 370 Nm Top speed: 160 km/h Acceleration (0-100 km/h): < 10 s Energy content (battery): 16 kwh Charging time: V Range (battery-electric): km (total): >500 km
15 Opel Ampera Drive System Electric drive unit Clutches Generator Geared final drive Traction motor Two electric motors Traction: 111 kw, 370 Nm Generator: 54 kw Planetary gear Geared final drive Three clutches Planetary gear set Axle differential
16 Opel Ampera Drive System 1.4 Liter DOHC I-4 Engine Power: Max. engine speed: Displacement: rpm 4800 rpm 1.4 L Compression ratio: 10.5 : 1
17 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Battery Electric Driving (Low Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
18 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Battery Electric Driving (High Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
19 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Extended-Range Driving (Low Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
20 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Extended-Range Driving (High Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
21 Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Regenerative Braking Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Generator C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
22 Operation Modes for all Driving Conditions Battery Mode Extended-Range Mode Default Normal Mode Quick response Sport Mode Battery reserve Reserve battery energy for EV-zone Mountain Mode Hold Mode Umweltzone
23 Opel Ampera Drive System Li-ion Battery System No. of cells: 288 Liquid thermal system Energy content: 16 kwh (> 10 kwh useable) Power discharge: > 115 kw Nominal voltage: 360 V Charging time: V Warranty: 8 years / 160,000 km System weight: 198 kg
24 VITM Electrical Architecture Charge Cord Charge Port Battery Disconnect Unit Including heater control Rechargeable Energy Storage System Voltage Current Temperature Module Manual Service Disconnect and Fuse AC CM Vehicle 12 V DC HVAC Engine On Board Charge Module Auxiliary Power Module Gen erat or Traction Inverter Mot or Battery Controller Voltage Temp Sub Module Voltage Temp Sub Module Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Battery Sections Voltage Temp Sub Module Voltage Temp Sub Module
25 Vehicle Development with Battery Focus Final calibration of battery control software Mechanical verification of battery installed in vehicle
26 00:00:00 00:05:42 00:11:24 00:17:06 00:22:48 00:28:30 00:34:12 00:39:54 00:45:36 00:51:18 00:57:00 01:02:42 01:08:24 01:14:06 01:19:48 01:25:30 01:31:12 01:36:54 01:42:36 01:48:18 01:54:00 00:00:00 00:03:57 00:07:54 00:11:51 00:15:48 00:19:45 00:23:42 00:27:39 00:31:36 00:35:33 00:39:30 00:43:27 00:47:24 00:51:21 00:55:18 00:59:15 01:03:12 01:07:09 01:11:06 01:15:03 01:19:00 vehicle speed [km / h] distance driven [km] vehicle speed [km / h] distance driven [km] Driving Style Electric Range in real world operation Wiesbaden to Koblenz and return - 2 different drive styles speed WI to KO - highway - dynamic driving style Aggressive drive style Rush highway A3 50 km in CD & 50 km in CS mode distance CD mode time [hh:mm:ss] distance CS mode Speed KO to WI - country road - relaxed driving style Distance in CD mode Moderate drive style Weekend traffic No grade (along river Rhine) 86 km in CD & 20 km in CS mode Distance in CS mode time [hh:mm:ss]
27 Use Pattern of Extended-Range Electric Vehicles Average daily driving 1/3 range extender mode 2/3 electric mode On average, the E-REV driver refuels gas every 1,500 km Source: Data from Chevrolet Volt customer in the USA, via OnStarOn average
28 Summary The Opel Ampera propulsion system provides the customer with all benefits of electric drive and overcomes range anxiety Electrification of automobile will play a major role to increase vehicle efficiency and energy diversity The Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle a concept for the future available today!
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