Atoms and Ions. In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of (-) = The # of (+)
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1 Atoms and Ions 2 2 In a Neutral Atom of an Element: The # of (-) = The # of (+)
2 This represents an of the element ( P s & e - s)
3 We have now taken one electron away from Lithium!
4 It still has _ Protons, but now only _ electrons! (Neutrons haven t changed)
5 This is no longer called A Lithium Atom. It is now called a Lithium.
6 Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+ s and 2 s.
7 Because Protons are Positive (+) and Electrons are Negative (-), this Lithium Ion has 3+ s and 2 s. It has a Net Charge of. ( +3 and 2 = )
8 An Ion is an atom in which # of π # of (Neutrons don t matter here) An Ion can also be defined as an atom with a (Protons or Electrons are left over )
9 + A Lithium is shown as having a net +1 charge.
10 + Li + The symbol for a Lithium Ion is
11 (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-)
12 (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Sodium (Na) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Na Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
13 A Neutral Sodium atom has a net charge of Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Na Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
14 OKAY. Let s REMOVE an electron from the Sodium Atom!
15 It still has Protons(+), but now it only has Electrons(-) (There is ONE P(+) left over! ) Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Na Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
16 It still has Protons(+), but now it only has Electrons(-) (There is ONE P(+) left over! ) The NET CHARGE is Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Na Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
17 It still has Protons(+), but now it only has Electrons(-)(There is ONE P(+) left over! )The NET CHARGE is A Sodium Ion has the symbol Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Na Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
18 (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-)
19 (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Magnesium (Mg) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Mg Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
20 Magnesium tends to easily lose 2 electrons!
21 It now has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus Mg Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
22 The NET CHARGE on this Magnesium ion is now And the symbol for a Magnesium ion is:
23 So an Mg 2+ ion has Protons(+) and Electrons(-)
24 So an Mg 2+ ion has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) The ATOMIC NUMBER on the Periodic Table If the NET CHARGE is 2+, it means it has 2 LESS Electrons than Protons! (Protons don t change, only Electrons!)
25 An Al 3+ ion has Protons(+) and Electrons(-)
26 So an Al 3+ ion has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) The ATOMIC NUMBER on the Periodic Table If the NET CHARGE is 3+, it means it has 3 LESS Electrons than Protons! (Protons don t change, only Electrons!)
27 Electrons can be ADDED to Neutral Atoms to make IONS. If an Ion has MORE Electrons(-) than Protons(+), the NET CHARGE on that ion is (positive/negative)
28 (Take out your Periodic Table!) A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-)
29 A Neutral Fluorine (F) Atom has Protons(+) and Electrons(-) Has Protons(+) in the Nucleus F Has Electrons(-) around the outside.
30 So a Neutral Fluorine Atom (9P s and 9e - s ) has a NET CHARGE of
31 If we add ONE Electron to a Neutral Fluorine Atom, it will now have P s(+) and e - s(-) and the NET CHARGE on the ion will be. The symbol for a Fluoride Ion is
32 The ion O 2- has Protons and Electrons.
33 The ion O 2- has Protons and Electrons. This is the ATOMIC NUMBER of Oxygen A NET CHARGE of 2- means it has 2 MORE Electrons(-) than Protons(+)
34 The ion As 3- has Protons and Electrons.
35 On the top right of each element on the Periodic Table is the of the most common ion of each element.
36 The top left on the Periodic Table shows the NUMBER or # of.
37 In a Neutral Atom (Atom) of an Element, the # of e - s = # of P s So a (neutral) potassium atom has protons and electrons
38 The NET CHARGE on a potassium ION is + (means +1) This means that there is ONE LESS electron than protons So a potassium ION has protons and electrons
39 The NET CHARGE on a Scandium ION is 3+ (means +3) This means that there is are ONE THREE LESS LESS electron than electrons protons than protons So a Scandium ION has protons and electrons
40 Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: One with a net charge of 3+
41 Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: One with a net charge of 3+ This ion Fe 3+ would have Protons and Electrons
42 Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II) )
43 Iron (Fe) can form TWO DIFFERENT ions: The other ion would have a net charge of 2+( Iron(II) ) This ion Fe 2+ would have Protons and Electrons
44 Negative Ions (Ions of NON-METALS) change the ending of their names to IDE, So Cl - is called a CHLORIDE ion.
45 The NET CHARGE on a Chloride ION is - (means -1) This means that there is ONE MORE LESS electron than protons So a chloride ION (Cl - ) has protons and electrons
46 The NET CHARGE on a Sulphide ION is 2- (means -2) This means that there is is TWO ONE MORE LESS electrons than protons So a Sulphide ION (S 2- ) has protons and electrons
47 A Sulphur atom has Protons and Electrons.
48 Remember, this means the NET CHARGE on an ION, not on an ATOM not
49 Use your Periodic Table to find the # of Protons and # of Electrons in each of the following: A Barium ion A Phosphide ion A Nitrogen atom A Nitrogen ion A Gallium atom A Gallium ion Symbol # of Protons # of Electrons
50 Remember that given Nuclear Notation, we can find the number of Protons and Neutrons:
51 To find P s and N s from Nuclear Notation To find # of Neutrons, put Atomic Number Here: Subtract to get # of Neutrons Mass # = P + N 41 Ca Calcium s atomic Number = So it has Protons So it has Neutrons
52 We can also find the Number of Electrons!
53 If we are given this: 41 Ca There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a ATOM and the NET CHARGE =
54 If we are given this: 41 Ca There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a NEUTRAL ATOM and the NET CHARGE = 0 In a neutral atom #of _ s = # of _ s
55 If we are given this: 41 Ca There is NO number on the top right, so this must be a NEUTRAL ATOM and the NET CHARGE = 0 In a neutral atom #of P s = # of e - s So this atom has: protons and electrons
56 To Summarize: 41 Ca Has: Protons (Atomic Number) Neutrons (41-20 = 21) and Electrons (e - s = P s)
57 Now try this one: 41 Ca 2+ Has Protons Neutrons Electrons
58 Now try this one: 37 Br - Has Protons Neutrons Electrons
59 Now try this one: 238 U 4+ Has Protons Neutrons Electrons
60 Now try this one: 33 P 3- Has Protons Neutrons Electrons
61 The isotope: 76 As 3- has protons neutrons electrons
62 The isotope: 201 Au + has protons neutrons electrons
63 An isotope has 46 protons, 58 neutrons and 42 electrons. Write the nuclear notation:
64 An isotope has 52 protons, 79 neutrons and 54 electrons. Write the nuclear notation:
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