The Skeleto-muscular system
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1 Unit 1: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology in Sport and Unit 2: The Physiology of fitness The Skeleto-muscular system (P1, P2, P3, P4, M1) Unit 1 and (P1, P3, M1, M2) Unit 2 Student name:.. Tutor name:
2 Student Instructions This workbook incorporates elements of both Unit 1: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology in Sport and Unit 2: The Physiology of Fitness. Anything that refers to Unit 2 is written in red. Complete all of the tasks outlined in the following pages. If you wish to attempt D1, this should be done as an additional piece of work. You can use diagrams where appropriate (for example when describing the classification of bones, joints, etc). You should hand-write the information. If you do not have enough room in the workbook, you can add additional sheets as necessary and slot them in or use the notes pages at the end of the workbook. If you make a large mistake or numerous small ones, you can print off the relevant page (workbook available on Moodle) and stick it over the page containing the errors. If you have any queries regarding the completion of this workbook you must see your tutor(s).
3 TASK 1 (Unit 1 - P1) Describe the make-up and role of both the axial and appendicular skeleton, including a list of the major bones.
4 TASK 2 (Unit 1 - P1) Describe the functions of the skeleton. 1 Support 2 Protection 3 Attachment site for skeletal muscle 4 Source of blood cell production 5 Store of minerals
5 TASK 3 (Unit 1 - P1) Using the following checklist and diagrams, label all of the bones on the skeleton below. Tick against the bones once you have labelled them onto the diagram. Bones Cranium Clavicle Ribs Sternum Humerus Radius Ulna Scapula Ilium Pubis Ischium Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Tick when labelled
6 The skeletal system:
7 TASK 4 (Unit 1 - P1) Using the following checklist and diagram, label all of the bones on the vertebral column. Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx Bones Tick when labelled atlas axis cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) intervertebral disc sacrum coccyx Posterior view Lateral view
8 TASK 5 (Unit 1 - P1) Describe the five types of bone. 1 Long bones 2 Short bones 3 Flat bones 4 Sesamoid bones 5 Irregular bones
9 TASK 6 (Unit 1 P2) Describe the structure and function / movement available of the three classifications of joints found in the human body with examples. Diagrams may help here. Joint type 1 - Fixed Structure: Function / movement available: Joint type 2 - Slightly movable Structure: Function / movement available: Joint type 3 - Freely movable / Synovial Structure: Function / movement available:
10 TASK 7 (Unit 1 P2) Using the following checklist, label the diagram of a typical synovial joint and give a description of each of the components and their functions. A) Articular cartilage - B) Synovial (joint) cavity - C) Articular capsule - D) Synovial fluid - E) Ligaments - F) Fatty pads or articular discs -
11 TASK 8 (Unit 1 P2) Draw each of the six types of synovial joints describing their shape and give an example of each. Ensure you describe the types of movement allowed at each of the synovial joints. Diagrams may help here. 1 Hinge 2 Saddle 3 Ball & Socket
12 4 Condyloid 5 Pivot 6 Gliding
13 TASK 9 (Unit 2 P1) Describe the skeletal system response to acute (short term/immediate) exercise.
14 TASK 10 (Unit 2 P3/ M2) P3 - Describe the long-term effects of exercise on the skeletal system M2 - Explain the long-term effects of exercise on the skeletal system Remember, explain means to address all of the why and/or how type questions. The depth of your response will decide between P3/M2. You might look to consider (but are not limited to): Increased mineral content. Thickening of the hyaline cartilage. Slight stretch of ligaments. Increased bone density. Reduction in the chance of bone diseases.
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16 TASK 11 (Unit 1 P3) Using the following checklist and diagrams, label all of the muscles on the diagram below. Tick against the muscles once you have labelled them onto the diagram. Muscle Name Trapezius Deltoids Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major Triceps Biceps Rectus abdominis Obliques Erector spinae Gluteus maximus Tick when labelled Quadriceps 1. Rectus femoris 2. Vastus lateralis 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus intermedius Hamstrings 1. Biceps femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Soleus
17 The muscular system
18 TASK 12 (Unit 1 P3) Describe the 3 types of muscle found within the human body. Cardiac Smooth Skeletal
19 TASK 13 (Unit 1 P4/M1) USING A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE... P4 - Describe how muscles create movement using antagonistic pairs. Use the following terms in your response: agonist, antagonist, fixator and synergist. M1 - Explain how muscles create movement using antagonistic pairs. Use the following terms in your response: agonist, antagonist, fixator and synergist. Remember, explain means to address all of the why and/or how type questions. The depth of your response will decide between P4/M1. If you wish to attempt D1, it needs to be submitted as an accompanying piece of work.
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21 TASK 14 (Unit 1 P4/M1) P4 - Describe the function of the muscle fibre types (type 1, type 2a and type 2b) M1 - Explain the function of the muscle fibre types (type 1, type 2a and type 2b) A summary table might help here. Remember, explain means to address all of the why and/or how type questions. The depth of your response will decide between P4/M1. If you wish to attempt D1, it needs to be submitted as an accompanying piece of work.
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23 TASK 15 (Unit 2 P1/M1) P1 - Describe the muscular system response to acute (short term/immediate) exercise. M1 - Explain the muscular system response to acute (short term/immediate) exercise. Remember, explain means to address all of the why and/or how type questions. The depth of your response will decide between P1/M1. Include in your response: Increased blood supply. Increase in muscle pliability. Increased range of movement. Muscle fibre micro tears.
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25 TASK 16 (Unit 2 P3/M2) P3 - Describe the long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system M2 - Explain the long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system Remember, explain means to address all of the why and/or how type questions. The depth of your response will decide between P3/M2. Include in your response: Hypertrophy. Increase in tendon strength. Increase in myoglobin stores. Increased number of mitochondria. Increased storage of glycogen and fat. Increased muscle strength. Increased tolerance to lactic acid.
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