Name Regents Review Test Mr.Slesinski

Transcription

1 Name Regents Review Test Mr.Slesinski 1. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A photon with a frequency of hertz is absorbed by an excited hydrogen atom. This causes the electron to be ejected from the atom, forming an ion. Determine the energy of this photon in electronvolts. 2. A book of mass m falls freely from rest to the floor from the top of a desk of height h. What is the speed of the book upon striking the floor? 1) 3) 2) 4) 5. Parallel wave fronts incident on an opening in a barrier are diffracted. For which combination of wavelength and size of opening will diffraction effects be greatest? 1) short wavelength and wide opening 2) short wavelength and narrow opening 3) long wavelength and wide opening 4) long wavelength and narrow opening 6. The four-line Balmer series spectrum shown below is emitted by a hydrogen gas sample in a laboratory. A star moving away from Earth also emits a hydrogen spectrum. 3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows a cart held motionless by an external force F on a frictionless incline. Which spectrum might be observed on Earth for this star? 1) 2) 3) What is the magnitude of the external force F necessary to hold the cart motionless at point C? 1) 4.9 nt. 3) 9.8 nt. 2) 2.0 nt. 4) 19.6 nt. 4. Base your answer to the following question on the statement below. The spectrum of visible light emitted during transitions in excited hydrogen atoms is composed of blue, green, red, and violet lines. 4) 7. A car travels 90. meters due north in 15 seconds. Then the car turns around and travels 40. meters due south in 5.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car during this 20.-second interval? 1) 6.5 m/s 3) 7.0 m/s 2) 5.0 m/s 4) 2.5 m/s Which color of light in the visible hydrogen spectrum has photons of the shortest wavelength? 1) red 3) violet 2) green 4) blue

2 8. A different force is applied to each of four 1-kilogram blocks to slide them across a uniform steel surface at constant speed as shown below. In which diagram is the coefficient of friction between the block and steel smallest? 1) Regents Review Test 2) 3) 4) 9. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A manufacturer s advertisement claims that their 1,250-kilogram (12,300-newton) sports car can accelerate on a level road from 0 to 60.0 miles per hour (0 to 26.8 meters per second) in 3.75 seconds. The coefficient of friction between the car s tires and the road is Calculate the maximum force of friction between the car s tires and the road. [Show all work, including the equation andsubstitution with units.] 10. Two physics students have been selected by NASA to accompany astronauts on a future mission to the Moon. The students are to design and carryout a simple experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon. Describe an experiment that the students could conduct to measure the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon. Your description must include: the equipment needed what quantities would be measured using the equipment what procedure the students should follow inconducting their experiment what equations and/or calculations the students would need to do to arrive at a value for the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon

3 11. In the diagram below, a block rests on a ramp, making angle Θ with the horizontal. Regents Review Test If angle Θ is increased, what will occur? 1) The block's component of weight parallel to the ramp will increase. 2) The block's mass will decrease. 3) The block's weight will increase. 4) The block's component of weight parallel to the ramp will decrease. 12. The wavelength of photon A is greater than that of photon B. Compared to the energy of photon A, the energy of photon B is 1) less 3) the same 2) greater 13. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. Louis de Broglie extended the idea of waveparticle duality to all of nature with his matterwave equation, Ø λ = h mv, where Ø is the particle s wavelength, m is its mass, v is its velocity, and h is Planck s constant. The wavelength of this particle is of the same order of magnitude as which type of electromagnetic radiation? 14. Approximately how much energy would be generated if the mass in a nucleus of a 2 1H atom were completely converted to energy? [The mass of 2 1H is 2.0 atomic mass units.] 1) J 3) MeV 2) MeV 4) J 15. Base your answer to the following question on the information and equation below. During the process of beta (ß ) emission, a neutron in the nucleus of an atom is converted into a proton, an electron, an electron antineutrino, and energy. neutron proton + electron + electron antineutrino + energy Based on conservation laws, how does the mass of the neutron compare to the mass of the proton?

4 16. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents a 1.00 kilogram object being held at rest on a frictionless incline. Regents Review Test The object is released and slides the length of the incline. When it reaches the bottom of the incline, the object's kinetic energy will be closest to 1) 19.6 J 3) 9.81 J 2) 2.00 J 4) 4.00 J 17. Which quantity is equivalent to the product of the absolute index of refraction of water and the speed of light in water? 1) frequency of light in water 2) speed of light in a vacuum 3) wavelength of light in a vacuum 4) sine of the angle of incidence 18. The diagram below shows an antenna emitting an electromagnetic wave. In what way did the electrons in the antenna produce the electromagnetic wave? 1) by moving at constant speed downward, only 3) by moving at constant speed upward, only 2) by accelerating alternately upward and downward 4) by remaining stationary

5 Regents Review Test 19. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A ray of monochromatic light (f = Hz) passes from air into Lucite at an angle of incidence of 30.. Calculate the angle of refraction in the Lucite. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] 20. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A hertz radio signal is sent a distance of meters from Earth to a spaceship orbiting Mars. Approximately how much time does it take the radio signal to travel from Earth to the spaceship? 1) s 3) s 2) s 4) s 21. What is the maximum height to which a 1200-watt motor could lift an object weighing 200. Newtons in 4.0 seconds? 1) 0.67 m 3) 6.0 m 2) 1.5 m 4) 24 m 22. Total internal reflection can occur as light waves pass from 1) alcohol to glycerol 3) air to crown glass 2) Lucite to crown glass 4) water to air 23. A proton and an electron traveling with the same velocity enter a uniform electric field. Compared to the acceleration of the proton, the acceleration of the electron is 1) greater, but in the opposite direction 2) greater, and in the same direction 3) less, and in the same direction 4) less, but in the opposite direction 24. Two points on a transverse wave that have the same magnitude of displacement from equilibrium are in phase if the points also have the 1) same direction of displacement and the same direction of motion 2) same direction of displacement and the opposite direction of motion 3) opposite direction of displacement and the same direction of motion 4) opposite direction of displacement and the opposite direction of motion 25. Base your answer to the following question on the information given below. Friction provides the centripetal force that allows a car to round a circular curve. Find the minimum coefficient of friction needed between the tires and the road to allow a 1600-kilogram car to round a curve of radius 80. meters at a speed of 20. meters per second. [Show all work, including formulas and substitutions with units.]

6 26. A projectile is fired at an angle of 53º to the horizontal with a speed of 80. meters per second. What is the vertical component of the project initial velocity? 1) 48 m/s 3) 64 m/s 2) 100 m/s 4) 130 m/s 27. What is the speed of sound in air on a day when the temperature is 30ºC? 1) 344 m/s 3) 350 m/s 2) 326 m/s 4) 332 m/s Regents Review Test 28. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of physics. Forces of Nature Our understanding of the fundamental forces has evolved along with our growing knowledge of the particles of matter. Many everyday phenomena seemed to be governed by a long list of unique forces. Observations identified the gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces as distinct. A large step toward simplification came in the mid-19th century with Maxwell s unification of the electric and magnetic forces into a single electromagnetic force. Fifty years later came the recognition that the electromagnetic force also governed atoms. By the late 1800s, all commonly observed phenomena could be understood with only the electromagnetic and gravitational forces. Particle Physics Perspectives and Opportunities (adapted) (A hydrogen atom, consisting of an electron in orbit about a proton, has an approximate radius of meter.) Determine the order of magnitude of the electrostatic force between the electron and the proton. Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the diagram below which shows a 2.0-kilogram cart traveling at a constant speed in a horizontal circle of radius 3.0 meters. The magnitude of the centripetal force of the cart is 24 Newtons. 29. What is the speed of the cart? 1) 6.0 m/s 3) 36 m/s 2) 16 m/s 4) 4.0 m/s 30. In the position shown, the acceleration of the cart is 1) 8.0 m/s 2 directed toward point A 2) 8.0 m/s 2 directed toward point D 3) 12 m/s 2 directed toward point A 4) 12 m/s 2 directed toward point D

7 31. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below. Regents Review Test More Sci- Than Fi, Physicists Create Antimatter Physicists working in Europe announced yesterday that they had passed through nature s looking glass and had created atoms made of antimatter, or antiatoms, opening up the possibility of experiments in a realm once reserved for science fiction writers. Such experiments, theorists say, could test some of the basic tenets of modern physics and light the way to a deeper understanding of nature. By corralling [holding together in groups] clouds of antimatter particles in a cylindrical chamber laced with detectors and electric and magnetic fields, the physicists assembled antihydrogen atoms, the looking glass equivalent of hydrogen, the most simple atom in nature. Whereas hydrogen consists of a positively charged proton circled by a negatively charged electron, in antihydrogen the proton s counterpart, a positively charged antiproton, is circled by an antielectron, otherwise known as a positron. According to the standard theories of physics, the antimatter universe should look identical to our own. Antihydrogen and hydrogen atoms should have the same properties, emitting the exact same frequencies of light, for example....antimatter has been part of physics since 1927 when its existence was predicted by the British physicist Paul Dirac. The antielectron, or positron, was discovered in According to the theory, matter can only be created in particleantiparticle pairs. It is still a mystery, cosmologists say, why the universe seems to be overwhelmingly composed of normal matter. Dennis Overbye, More Sci- Than Fi, Physicists Create Antimatter, New York Times, Sept. 19, 2002 Identify one characteristic that antimatter particles must possess if clouds of them can be corralled by electric and magnetic fields.

8 Regents Review Test 32. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. The path of a stunt car driven horizontally off a cliff is represented in the diagram below. After leaving the cliff, the car falls freely to point A in 0.50 second and to point B in 1.00 second. Calculate the magnitude of the vertical displacement, d y, of the car from point A to point B. [Neglect friction.] [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] 33. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. When an electron in an excited hydrogen atom falls from a higher to a lower energy level, a photon having a wavelength of meter is emitted. Calculate the energy of a photon of this light wave in joules. [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.]

9 34. Identical resistors (R) are connected across the same 12-volt battery. Which circuit uses the greatest power? 1) Regents Review Test 36. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below A golf ball leaves a golf club with an initial velocity of 40.0 meters per second at an angle of 40º with the horizontal. 2) 3) 4) 35. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a ball being kicked by a foot and rising at an angle of 30.º from the horizontal. The ball has an initial velocity of 5.0 meters per second. [Neglect friction.] What is the total horizontal distance traveled by the golf ball during the first 2.50 seconds of its flight? 1) 100. m 3) 64.3 m 2) 76.6 m 4) 40.0 m 37. Base your answer to the following question on on the information and diagram below. A vehicle travels at a constant speed of 6.0 meters per second around a horizontal circular curve with a radius of 24 meters. The mass of the vehicle is kilograms. An icy patch is located at P on the curve. If the angle between the horizontal and the direction of the 5.0-meters-per-second velocity decreases from 30.º to 20.º, the horizontal distance the ball travels will 1) decrease 3) remain the same 2) increase What is the magnitude of the frictional force that keeps the vehicle on its circular path? 1) N 3) N 2) N 4) N

10 38. If a 2.0-kilogram mass is raised 0.05 meter vertically, the work done on the mass is approximately 1) 0.10 J 3) 40. J 2) 0.98 J 4) 100 J 39. A 10.-kilogram mass falls freely a distance of 6.0 meters near the Earth's surface. The total kinetic energy gained by the mass as it falls is approximately 1) 60. J 3) 720 J 2) 590 J 4) 1,200 J 40. A person kicks a 4.0-kilogram door with a 48-newton force causing the door to accelerate at 12 meters per seconds. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the door on the person? 1) 48 N 3) 12 N 2) 24 N 4) 4.0 N Regents Review Test 42. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below. A converging lens has a focal length of meter. A light ray travels from the object to the lens parallel to the principal axis. 41. The diagram below shows a Newton crate to be lifted at constant speed from the ground to a loading dock 1.5 meters high in 5.0 seconds. If the lens were placed in water, its focal length would 1) decrease 3) remain the same 2) increase 43. A 0.10-kilogram ball dropped vertically from a height of l.00 meter above the floor bounces back to a height of 0.80 meter. The mechanical energy lost by the ball as it bounces is 1) J 3) 0.30 J 2) 0.20 J 4) 0.78 J What power is required to lift the crate? 1) W 3) W 2) W 4) W

11 Regents Review Test 44. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A student conducted a series of experiments to investigate the effect of mass, length, and amplitude (angle of release) on a simple pendulum. The table below shows the initial conditions for a series of trials. Which three trials should the student use to test the effect of mass on the period of the pendulum? 45. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows the top view of a double-slit barrier. The distance between the slits d is meter. The barrier is illuminated with light whose wavelength is meter. An interference pattern is observed on the screen. 48. The diagram at the right represents a force acting at point P. Which pair of concurrent forces would produce equilibrium when added to the force acting at point P? 1) 3) 2) 4) If point M on the screen is the location of a bright line, the path difference between AM and BM may be 1) one wavelength 3) one-half wavelength 2) three-quarter wavelength 4) one-quarter wavelength 46. A 95-kilogram student climbs 4.0 meters up a rope in 3.0 seconds. What is the power output of the student? 1) W 3) W 2) W 4) W 47. Which color of light has the greatest energy per photon? 1) violet 3) red 2) green 4) blue 49. A constant unbalanced force of friction acts on a kilogram mass moving along a horizontal surface at 10.0 meters per second. If the mass is brought to rest in 1.50 seconds, what is the magnitude of the force of friction? 1) 10.0 N 3) 147 N 2) 100 N 4) 150. N 50. The energy equivalent of the rest mass of an electron is approximately 1) J 3) J 2) J 4) J 51. A kilogram bullet is fired from a rifle by an unbalanced force of 200 Newtons. If the force acts on the bullet for 0.1 second, what is the maximum speed attained by the bullet? 1) 20 m/s 3) 400 m/s 2) 5 m/s 4) 800 m/s

12 52. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below. The diagram represents two sound waves that are produced in air by two tuning forks. The frequency of wave A is 400 cycles per second. Regents Review Test 57. A toaster connected to a 120-volt outlet draws a current of 6.0 amperes. How much electrical energy does the toaster use in 5.0 seconds? 1) J 3) J 2) J 4) J 58. When photons with an energy of 3.0 electron-volts strike a photoelectric surface the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is 2.0 electron volts. What is the work function of the surface? 1) 5.0 ev 3) 0.67 ev 2) 1.5 ev 4) 1.0 ev The frequency of wave B is 1) 200 Hz 3) 600 Hz 2) 400 Hz 4) 800 Hz 59. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which represents data obtained by applying different potential differences to a metallic conductor at a constant temperature. 53. The energy required to move one elementary charge through a potential difference of 5.0 volts is 1) 5.0 J 3) J 2) J 4) 8.0 J 54. In the circuit diagram below, ammeter A measures the current supplied by the 10.-volt battery. The current measured by ammeter A is 1) 0.13 A 3) 0.50 A 2) 2.0 A 4) 4.0 A 55. A helium ion with +2 elementary charges is accelerated by a potential difference of volts. What is the kinetic energy acquired by the ion? 1) ev 3) ev 2) 2.0 ev 4) ev If the temperature of the conductor is increased, the amount of current at 10 volts would be 1) less 3) the same 2) greater 60. The diagram below shows the arrangement of three charged hollow metal spheres, A, B, and C. The arrows indicate the direction of the electric forces acting between the spheres. At least two of the spheres are positively charged. 56. Base your answer to the following question on Rutherford's experiments in which alpha particles were allowed to pass into a thin gold foil. All alpha particles had the same speed. The paths of the scattered alpha particles were 1) circular 3) elliptical 2) hyperbolic 4) parabolic Which sphere, if any, could be negatively charged? 1) sphere A 3) sphere C 2) sphere B 4) no sphere

13 61. Circuit A and circuit B are shown below. Regents Review Test 64. In the diagram below, 400. joules of work is done raising a 72-newton weight a vertical distance of 5.0 meters. Compared to the total resistance of circuit A, the total resistance of circuit B is 1) less 3) the same 2) greater 62. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. An outfielder throws a baseball to the first baseman at a speed of 19.6 meters per second and an angle of 30. above the horizontal. If the ball is caught at the same height from which it was thrown, what is the amount of time the ball was in the air? 1) 0 s 3) 2.00 s 2) 1.00 s 4) 4.00 s 63. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The reading of voltmeter V 1 is 26 volts, and the reading of ammeter A 1 is 2 amperes. How much work is done to overcome friction as the weight is raised? 1) 40. J 3) 400. J 2) 360 J 4) 760 J 65. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below. A child kicks a ball with an initial velocity of 8.5 meters per second at an angle of 35º with the horizontal, as shown. The ball has an initial vertical velocity of 4.9 meters per second and a total time of flight of 1.0 second. [Neglect air resistance.] If additional resistances are added in series and the applied voltage is kept constant, the reading of voltmeter V 3 will 1) decrease 3) remain the same 2) increase The maximum height reached by the ball is approximately 1) 1.2 m 3) 4.9 m 2) 2.5 m 4) 8.5 m

14 Regents Review Test 66. The graph below shows the relationship between the potential difference across a metallic conductor and the electric current through the conductor at constant temperature T 1. Which graph best represents the relationship between potential difference and current for the same conductor maintained at a higher constant temperature, T 2? 1) 2) 3) 4) 67. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below. A kilogram car is driven clockwise around a flat circular track of radius 25.0 meters. The speed of the car is a constant 5.00 meters per second. 68. A truck weighing newtons was driven up a hill that is meters long to a level area that is meters above the starting point. If the trip took 480 seconds, what was the minimum power required? 1) W 3) W 2) W 4) W 69. Each of the blocks in the diagrams below is lifted vertically for the distance indicated. Which block will gain the most gravitational potential energy? 1) 3) 2) 4) What minimum friction force must exist between the tires and the road to prevent the car from skidding as it rounds the curve? 1) Ν 3) Ν 2) Ν 4) Ν

15 Regents Review Test 70. Which graph best represents the electrostatic force between an alpha particle with a charge of +2 elementary charges and a positively charged nucleus as a function of their distance of separation? 1) 2) 3) 4) 71. Your school s physics laboratory has the following equipment available for conducting experiments: Explain how you would find the resistance of an unknown resistor in the laboratory. Your explanation must include: a Measurements required b Equipment needed c Complete circuit diagram d Any equation(s) needed to calculate the resistance 72. The diagram below shows a satellite of mass m orbiting Earth in a circular path of radius R. 73. Base your answer to the following question on the following information. In the diagram below, a 10.- kilogram sphere, A, is projected horizontally with a velocity of 30. meters per second due east from a height of 20. meters above level ground. At the same instant, a 20.- kilogram sphere, B, is projected horizontally with a velocity of 10. meters per second due west from a height of 80. meters above level ground. [Neglect air friction.] If centripetal force F c, is acting on the satellite, its speed is equal to 1) 3) 2) 4) Initially, the spheres are separated by a horizontal distance of 100. meters. What is the horizontal separation of the spheres at the end of 1.5 seconds? 1) 15 m 3) 40. m 2) 30 m 4) 45 m

16 74. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a mass of 10.0 kilograms traveling at constant speed of 4. meters per second in a horizontal circular path about point D. Regents Review Test Which quantity would increase if the radius increased? 1) mass 3) tangential velocity 2) centripetal acceleration 4) period

17 Name Regents Review Test Mr.Slesinski Reference Tables

18 Name Regents Review Test Mr.Slesinski Reference Tables

19 Regents Review Test Answer Key regents review slesinski [Jun 14, 2010] ev F f = µf N F f = (.80)(12,300 N) F f = 9,800 N or N 10. freefall object, meterstick, stopwatch time of fall, distance of fall drop object from measured height, time its fall d = v i t at pendulum string, mass, stopwatch, meterstick length of pendulum, period measure length of pendulum, period of pendulum T = 2p ( g ) spring scale spring scale, known mass weight on Moon of known mass hang the weight on the spring scale and weigh it F g(m) = mg M 13. The wavelength of this particle is of the same order of magnitude as gamma rays The neutron is more massive Credit for Identify charge as one characteristic that antimatter particles must possess

20 Regents Review Test Answer Key regents review slesinski [Jun 14, 2010] Credit for R, U, Y a To determine the resistance of an unknown resistor, I would need to measure the current and potential difference for the resistor in a circuit. b The equipment I would need would be the resistor, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a battery or power supply, and connecting wires. c The circuit would be connected as in the diagram above. d Once I measured the current and potential for the resistor, I would use the formula for Ohm s law (R = V/I) to calculate the resistance