Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry
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1 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A theory is a. a. mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior b. set of quantitative data c. well-tested unifying principle that explains a body of facts d. tentative explanation or predication based upon experimental observations e. set of experiments designed to test a theory 2. All of the following statements concerning green chemistry are correct EXCEPT a. it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed. b. synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health or the environment. c. substances used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents. d. raw materials should be renewable whenever technically and economically practical. e. chemical syntheses should be done at high enough temperatures to ensure harmful bacteria are destroyed. ANS: E 3. One of the following is not a description of gases. Which one is it? a. easily compressed b. particles in definite positions c. relatively low densities d. fills any container completely e. expands infinitely on heating ANS: B 4. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are CORRECT? 1. Particles in a liquid vibrate back and forth about an average position. 2. Particles in a solid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific positions. 3. Particles in a gas fly about randomly, colliding with themselves and the walls of their container.
2 5. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are CORRECT? 1. Particles in a gas move faster as the temperature increases. 2. Particles in a liquid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific positions. 3. Particles in a gas vibrate back and forth about an average position. Instructions: Use the pictures below to answer question 6: A) B) C) D) E) 6. Which of the above figures represents a gaseous compound? a. Figure A b. Figure B c. Figure C d. Figure D e. Figure E Instructions: Use the figures below to answer questions 7: A) B) C) D) E)
3 7. Which of the above figures represents a gaseous element? a. Figure A b. Figure B c. Figure C d. Figure D e. Figure E Instructions: Use the pictures below to answer question 8: A) B) C) D) E) 8. Which of the above figure represents a mixture of two elements? a. Figure A b. Figure B c. Figure C d. Figure D e. Figure E 9. Which one of the following statements is correct? a. A pure substance may be separated by filtration or distillation into two or more components. b. A heterogeneous mixture is also known as a solution. c. A heterogeneous mixture is composed of two or more substances in the same phase. d. The composition is uniform throughout a homogeneous mixture. e. The combination of a liquid and a solid always results in a heterogeneous mixture. 10. Which of the following is not a mixture? a. ice cream b. gasoline c. skim milk d. strawberry jam e. baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) ANS: E
4 11. Which of the following are likely to form a homogeneous mixture? 1. milk and ice cream blended together with chocolate syrup 2. an egg combined with milk and mixed with a whisk 3. 1 gram table salt combined with 250 ml of water 12. Which one of the following is most likely to be a homogeneous mixture? a. campfire smoke b. blood c. filtered air d. soil e. plain yogurt 13. Which one of the following is most likely to be a heterogeneous mixture? a. table salt dissolved in water b. soil c. antifreeze (a mixture of water and ethylene glycol) d. sugar water e. gasoline ANS: B 14. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? 1. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retain the element's chemical properties. 2. Substances composed of only one type of atom are classified as elements. 3. Of the 118 known elements, only 48 occur naturally. 15. A number of the heaviest elements on the periodic table are named for famous scientists. Element number 106 was most likely named for which famous scientist? a. Alfred Nobel b. Marie Curie c. Albert Einstein d. Glen Seaborg e. Dmitri Mendeleev 16. What is the symbol for the element potassium? a. K b. Po c. Pt d. Kr e. P
5 17. What is the correct symbol for potassium? a. P b. Pm c. K d. Pt e. Po 18. What is the correct symbol for silver? a. S b. Si c. Ag d. Sr e. Au 19. The element whose symbol is Pb is a. lead. b. antimony. c. lanthanum. d. phosphorus. e. none of these. 20. What is the name of the element with the symbol B? a. barium b. beryllium c. bismuth d. boron e. bromine 21. What is the name of the element with the symbol Cr? a. cerium b. carbon c. chromium d. cadmium e. chlorine 22. Which one of the following substances is classified as an element? a. I 2 b. NO c. KCl d. C 6 H 12 O 6 e. CO
6 23. Which of the following is not a correct name symbol combination? a. vanadium, V b. silicon, Si c. aluminum, Al d. copper, Cu e. potassium, Ge ANS: E 24. An electrically charged atom or group of atoms is a(n). a. element b. ion c. molecule d. heterogeneous mixture e. solution ANS: B 25. A pure substance composed of two or more different elements is a(n). a. ion b. heterogeneous mixture c. chemical compound d. solid e. solution 26. A(n) is a pure substance that is composed of only one type of atom. a. ion b. solution c. element d. molecule e. gas 27. Which one of the following substances is classified as a chemical compound? a. Mo b. Cr c. Cd d. CO e. No 28. Which term best describes methane, CH 4? a. homogeneous mixture b. ion c. element d. chemical compound e. atom
7 29. Which of the following statements concerning water (H 2 O) is/are CORRECT? 1. H 2 O is a chemical compound. 2. Water is a homogeneous mixture. 3. Liquid water is a mixture of elemental hydrogen and oxygen. 30. Which one of the following statements is not a comparison of physical properties? a. Potassium reacts with water more quickly than calcium reacts with water. b. The electrical conductivity of aluminum is greater than copper. c. The density of copper is less than the density of lead. d. The solubility of NaCl in hot water is greater than the solubility in cold water. e. The boiling point of water is greater than the boiling point of ethanol. 31. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? 1. The conduction of electricity through copper wire is a chemical change. 2. The rusting of iron is a chemical change. 3. The evaporation of ammonia at C is a chemical change. a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 2 and 3 e. 1, 2, and 3 ANS: B 32. Which one of the following statements is not a comparison of physical properties? a. Mercury and gallium are both liquids at 50 C. b. Oxygen is more soluble in water than helium. c. Silver and gold are malleable metals. d. Oxygen and nitrogen are both liquids at -200 C. e. Calcium dissolves more quickly than iron in acids. ANS: E 33. An intensive property of a substance is a. independent of the amount present. b. dependent on its volume, but not its mass. c. not affected by its temperature. d. dependent only on its temperature. e. dependent only on its mass and volume. 34. Which of the following are extensive properties: mass, volume, and/or density? a. mass only b. volume only c. density only d. mass and volume e. volume and density
8 35. All of the following are examples of intensive properties of matter EXCEPT. a. ductility b. melting point c. thermal conductivity d. weight e. malleability 36. Which of following would be classified as a chemical change? a. the condensation of nitrogen gas b. the dissolution of sugar in water c. the melting of gold d. the tarnishing of the surface of copper in the presence of oxygen e. the transformation of solid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide 37. What kind of change is depicted below? a. both chemical and physical change c. no change b. chemical change d. physical change ANS: B 38. Which of the following observations is/are examples of chemical change? 1. Iron (Fe) rusts, forming Fe 2 O The density of water increases when it changes from a solid to a liquid. 3. Sodium chloride melts at 801 C. a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 2 and Which of the following observations is/are examples of physical change? 1. The density of water decreases when it solidifies. 2. Aluminum melts when heated above 660 C. 3. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decomposes to water and oxygen.
9 40. A battery-operated power tool, such as a cordless drill, converts a. electrostatic energy to chemical potential energy. b. mechanical energy to electrostatic energy. c. thermal energy to mechanical energy. d. thermal energy to gravitational energy. e. chemical potential energy to mechanical energy. ANS: E 41. Which of the following lists contains only forms of kinetic energy? a. electrostatic, gravitational, and mechanical energy b. gravitational, mechanical, and electrical energy c. thermal, acoustic, and mechanical energy d. chemical, thermal, and acoustic energy e. gravitational, chemical, and electrostatic energy 42. Of the following types of energy, which is/are classified as potential energy? 1. mechanical 2. electrostatic 3. chemical a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 2 and 3 e. 1, 2, and 3 SHORT ANSWER 43. Substances like hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) that are composed of only one type of atom are classified as. ANS: elements 44. Properties, such as color and density, which can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance are called properties. ANS: physical 45. A mass of 10 g of table salt dissolves in water to form a(n) mixture (i.e., a mixture that is uniform throughout). ANS: homogeneous 46. A(n) is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties of that element. ANS: atom
10 47. The of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. ANS: density 48. Density is an example of a(n) property, which is one that does not depend on the amount of a substance. ANS: intensive 49. energy is the energy associated with the separation of two electrical charges. ANS: Electrostatic 50. Potential energy possessed by water at the top of a waterfall is known as energy. ANS: gravitational 51. The law of states that the total energy of the universe is constant. ANS: conservation of energy 52. Many regulators, environmentalists, and citizens around the world believe that development is required to meet today s economic and environmental needs while preserving the options for future generations to meet theirs. ANS: sustainable 53. To ensure integrity in science, experimental results should be and reported in sufficient detail that the experiment can be repeated by others. ANS: reproducible
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