Solar Thermal Systems
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1 Solar Thermal Systems Design and Applications in the UAE Murat Aydemir Viessmann Middle East FZE General Manager (M.Sc. Mech.Eng., ASHRAE) Dubai Knowledge Village Congress Centre, Dubai
2
3 Viessmann Werke Founded: 1917 Headquarters: Allendorf (Eder) GER Products: Comprehensive product range heating- and climatetechnology Employees: Turn-over: 1,7 Bil. Euro Export Share: 60 % Third generation family-owned enterprise Among the Top 3 of industry
4 Viessmann Headquarter Allendorf (Eder), Germany 130 km North of Frankfurt
5 Comprehensive product range For all energy sources and all output ranges kw to 20 MW in three program levels 1,5 kw kw Oil Natural Gas Solar Bio Energy Natural Heat Energy sources: Output range: Range categories: System solutions: Oil, natural gas, solar, bio energy (wood, biogas), natural heat 1,5 kw to kw 100 Plus, 200 Comfort, 300 Excellence Integrated system components
6 Viessmann has system solutions for heating, hot water, steam and solar energy applications in housing and commercial projects
7 The power source of the earth In less than four hours the sun radiates the annual energy demand of the world s population to the earth. Annual Solar Radiation on Earth Estimated Fossil Fuel Sources Annual Energy Consumption on Earth
8 Solar radiation on the Earth Atmosphere 1360 W/m W/m 2
9 Solar energy Annual energy amount (global radiation) Country City Annual energy amount kwh / m 2 x year UAE Dubai 2027 Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1873 Jordan Amman 1870 Syria Damascus 1862 Lebanon Beirut 1734 Italy Milano 1241 France Paris 1127 Germany Frankfurt 1087 UK London 899
10 Solar radiation on the Earth Utilisation of solar energy in the collectors Output / losses A B C D E F G H K diffused radiation direct solar radiation wind, rain, snow, convection convection losses thermal conduction losses heat radiated by the absorber heat radiated by the glass cover useful collector output reflection -Diffuse radiation of UAE is more than 40 % Daily energy values irradiated onto the horizontal plane over a 12 month period
11 related to buildings Heat Electricity (direct with PV) Concentrated Solar Power Solar lighting Bio Fuels
12 Solar energy related to buildings What can we do with the heat? Heat >80% - Domestic hot water - Pool heating - Heating support in cold climates - Process heat - Solar cooling with absorption chillers - Solar desalination
13 Solar-thermal: Heat through sunshine Vitosol 100/200-F Flat Vitosol 200-T tube Vitosol 300-T tube-heat pipe
14 Vitosol 200-F Flat collector All round folded aluminium frame Stable, highly transparent cover made from special glass S patterned copper absorber Highly effective thermal insulation
15 Vitosol 200-T Evacuated tube collector with copper absorber, direct flow Highly effective thermal insulation Coaxial distributor pipe Header Direct flow Sol-titanium coated absorber High grade, low ferrous glass
16 Vitosol 300-T Evacuated tube collector with copper absorber, heat pipe technology Highly effective thermal insulation Dry connection, no direct contact between carrier and heat transfer medium High grade, low ferrous glass Duotec twin-pipe heat exchanger with integral overheating protection Heat pipe Sol-titanium coated absorber
17 Solar Thermal Collector efficiency Solar heating system for DHW Solar heating system for DHW and central heating back-up Solar heating system for generating process heat / solar air conditioning
18 Life expectations of solar collectors 20 years +
19 Life expactations of solar collectors 30 years 35 years
20 Certificates of solar collectors Performance & Reliability Test reports according to EN 12975
21 Solar Modernisation of a Hotel Project
22
23 Solar thermal hot water generation
24 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW 1 Solar collectors, Vitosol 2 pumping station Divicon and accessories 1 3 Dual mode or multi mode DHW cylinder Control unit Vitosolic 5 Back-up system oil/gas boiler, electrical or heat pump
25 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Planning data Basic information DHW cylinder volume Absorber surface area Pipe sizing Circulation pump (Solar Divicon) sizing Expansion vessel sizing Vitosol control unit
26 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Basic information for a single house 120 m 2 Consumption A Room heating requirement of a building B Room heating requirement of a low-energy house C Hot water required Gain D Solar energy yield with 5 m² of absorber surface area E Solar energy yield with 15 m² of absorber surface area
27 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Basic information The solar system has to be selected for the maximum energy level The solar system cannot cover 100% of the consumption Realistic value is % of annual energy demand
28 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Sample: Buffer tank for solar thermal system l/pers/day Energy needs to be stored => Daily buffer
29 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Hot water demand calculation Max 50 l/pers/day at 60 o C or 70 l/pers/day at 45 o C Sample: 4 pers x 50 l/pers/day = 200 l/day at 60 o C or 280 l/day at 45 o C
30 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Absorber surface area Solar radiation ~1000 W/m2 If sun is shinning for 6 7 hours/day => Daily maximum gain 6 7 kwh/m2 The DHW temperature 60 o C/10 o C The DHW flow: 6/50 = 0.12 m3/(h x m2) 100 l of DHW at 60 o C per m 2 of collector In our case: 400 l/day / 100 l/m 2 = 4 m 2 => 2 collectors Vitosol 200F
31 Thumb rules DHW demand: 50 l/pers/day at 60 o C Collector area: 1 m 2 at 100 l of DHW at 60 o C Buffer tank: 50 l/m 2 of absorber area
32 Solar simulation Solar simulation software
33 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system
34 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system
35 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system
36 Solar hot water generation closed loop- open loop differences Closed loop Thermosiphon Thermosiphon is the easiest solution: No power supply, no pump, no control, works everywhere Advantages of closed loop system: No tank on collector, architecturally better installation Hot water resirculation possible, less water losses, no problems with low water quality Better control, higher efficiency, no over night cooling losses Best for large scale solar systems
37 Example: Selection of a Solar cooling system in UAE Hot water (Solar panel): flow rate: 32.5 l/sec Temperature: 115 / 103 C Capacity: 1590 kw Cooling water: flow rate: l/sec Temperature: 38 / 43.6 C Capacity: 2578 kw Chilled water: Flow rate: 48.0 l/sec Temperature: 12 / 7 deg C Capacity: 1000 kw
38 Installation examples Case study Green Building, Manchester
39 Installation examples
40 Installation examples Vacuum tube collectors on a vertical surface
41 Installation examples Solar panels as shading elements for the building
42 Installation examples in UAE Jebel Ali Process heating system Solar Absorber gross surface area : 300 m 2 Energy produced by collectors : 376,4 MWh/year Diesel savings : liters/year. CO 2 emissions avoided : kg Application0 : Process heat for hot water loop at manufacturing plant Installed by Value Addition FZE
43 Installation examples in UAE Jebel Ali Process heating system
44 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah Residential buildings solar hot water system Solar Absorber gross surface area : 14 x 200 m 2 (2800 m 2 ) Energy produced by collectors : 3805 MWh/year Natural gas savings : m 3 /year. CO 2 emissions avoided : kg Backup system Gas fired wall hung condensing boilers Installed by Value Addition FZE
45 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah System Viessmann Flat Solar Thermal Panels with original support system and connection pipes
46 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah System Viessmann Domestic Hot Water cylinders Viessmann Gas condensing boilers for the backup of the system (109 % efficiency)
47 Installation examples in UAE System for villa s in Jumeirah Solar hot water system with electric backup Viessmann Domestic Hot Water cylinders
48 Installation examples in UAE Al Quoz System labour camp Operational since 2000
49 Solar energy needs good engineering design and installation to reach the goal! Together with the design of renewables check the energy saving potential! Saving + renewable = Target
50 Vitocal 160-A Air source heat pump for DHW heating 1,52 kw, 285 liters Sample Calculation: 300liters/day hot water 1.Electrical heater Q = 300 x (60-10)/860 = 17,5 kw Daily loss 1 kw Electric consumption: 18,5 kw 2. Vitocal cylinder with heat pump Q = 18,44 kw required electricity 5,2 kw Cooling inside approx 17 kw Saving at the AC of housing 5,7 kw Electric consumption: 5,7-5,2 = - 0,5 kw SAVING = 18,5 +0,5 = 19 kw Annual expected saving 6840 kwh (Max connected electrical load 500 W)
51 Vitocal 160-A in combination with solar energy Max electrical load 500 W for a villa instead of 5-6 kw of electrical heaters
52 Questions?
53
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