PV2Heat: Development of a vacuum insulated high temperature solid storage combined with PV
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1 Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch Mühlenpfordtstraße 23 D Braunschweig PV2Heat: Development of a vacuum insulated high temperature solid storage combined with PV Prof. Dr.-Ing. M.N. Fisch Dipl.-Ing. Mani Zargari Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. M.N. Fisch Dialogplattform Power to Heat Mai 2015 Technische Universität Braunschweig
2 Content 1. PV in the Power Market: Challenges and Solution Approach 2. Technique of a High-Temperature-Solid-Storage (HTFS) 3. System Integration of a HTFS 4. System Comparison 5. About the Research Project May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 2
3 PV in the Power Market Oversupply of PV-Power Turn down of convential power plants (grey) for renewables Price for power collapses at the spot market Cut-off of renewable power plants from the grid in future May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 3
4 Power [GW] PV in the Power Market PV-Gain and Demand 140 Installed Power and Demand Other Renew. Wind PV 20 0 Demand Renewable Midterm Prognosis of the German network operators 2014 (EEG Mittelfristprognose 2014) May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 4
5 PV in the Power Market Options for Flexibilization DMS P2H Flexible Renewables Flexibel Conventionals Power Storage BEE-Studie Möglichkeiten zum Ausgleich fluktuierender Einspeisungen aus Erneuerbaren Energien 2013 im Auftrag BEE, Lichtblick und Enercon, ausgeführt von BET Büro für Energiewirtschaft und technische Planung GmbH May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 5
6 PV in the Power Market HTFS shifts PV-Power to the demand HTFS Heat Demand PV -Oversupply PV-Power Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez HTFS connects the power-market and heat-market Oversupply of PV-Power is transformed to heat and shifted to the time of demnad May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 6
7 HTFS: Technique HTFS in the Energy-Market 90 C Heat exchanger combined with vacuum super insulation - Maghemite (iron ore) and heating rods 50 C to 750 C 30 C Advantages: High-efficient Maintaince-free Cycle resistant Avoids network supply of PV-power May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 7
8 HTFS: Technique State of the Art: Night Storage Heater Core Fe 2 O 3, ρ = 3900 kg/m³ / Maghamit, Magnetit Heating Rods Durability depends on the operating temperature (750 C: h) Operating temperature limited to 750 C Insulation 20 mm mikroporous material (Aerogel, Pyrotherm λ=0,03-0,05 W/(m*K) / 20 C 750 C) Outer Shell: ventilated air-layer May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 8
9 HTFS: Technique State of the Art: VSI-Hot Water Storage Storage Media Water, oil (up to 250 C) Vacuum Insulation Perlite, opacifer, vacuum < 0,1 mbar Parameters Cooling rate 0,0026 K/(d*K) (conventional storage 0,0095 (K/d*K)) Thermal transition coefficient: 1/R=0,04 W/(m²*K) Costs 5m³ - Storage: EUR May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 9
10 HTFS: Technique Comparison of Storage Medias c [kj/kgk] ρ [kg/m³] s [J/cm³K] Costs [ /t] Costs [ /(J/K)] Brick 0, , Concrete 0, , Fire-Brick 1, , Ceramics 1, ,5 200 / 1500* 200 / 1500* Water 4, ,4 0 0 Iron Ore Fe 2 O 3 0, , *Bulk-Material/ Stones May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 10
11 HTFS: Technique Comparison of Insulation Techniques T [ C] Λ [W/mK] Costs [ /m³] Cost [ /Storage Tank]* Pyrogel (Aspen/Stadur) ,028 0, Microtherm Panele (Night Storage) ,032 0, Vakuum-Super- Insulation ,009 0, *Insulation Material for Heat Transfer Coeffcient of. 0,05 W/m²K, Costs only for insulation material, net price May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 11
12 System-Integration Integration in a Residential Building Simulation Studie System Parameters: PV-Generator: 10 kwp 4 Persons Heat Demand (Water + Heating) 60 kwh/(m²*a) HTFS: 18t / 5m³ May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 12
13 HTFS_Temp. [ C] System-Integration Integration in a Residential Building Simulation Studie 800 HTFS HTFS mit with und and ohne without Speicherverlust Heat-Loss Energy Balance: 700 Total solar gain kwh/a Own use of solar power kwh/a Own use of PV-heat with the HTFS: Mit Speicherverlust Ohne Speicherverlust kwh/a Monat May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 13
14 System-Comparison Reference System Reference System: PV 6 kwp ST 40 m² Residential building (research project Future:Solar) Wärmeversorgung Solar-thermal plant 40 m² Seasonal hot water Storage 10m³ Wechselrichter Gas/ Gasbrennwertkessel Gas boiler (condensing) PV-generator 6 m² High solar fraction in the heat supply Stromnetz Saisonaler WW-Speicher 10m³ Haushaltsstrom May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 14
15 Energiemenge [kwh/mt.] Energiemenge [kwh/mt.] System-Comparison Solar Fraction Reference (Future Solar_Combi System) ST + LZWS + GT + PV ST: 40 m²; PV: 6 kwp; LZWS: 10m³/10t HTFS (HTFS) PV + HTFS PV: 10 kwp; HTFS: 5m³/18t Heat Wärmebedarf Demand Heat Wärmebedarf Demand Solarthermie Gas-Brennwertkessel Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez HTWS (PV) Netzstrom Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 15
16 System-Comparison Heat Production Price EFH (VAR 1_100%_Future Solar) ST + LZWS + GT + PV ST: 40 m²; PV: 6 kwp; LZWS: 10m³/10t Solar Fraction (Heat) 75% Investment Costs* EUR Costs per Year EUR/a Heat Production Price 0,35 EUR/kWh EFH (HTfS) PV + HTFS PV: 10 kwp; HTFS: 5m³/18t Solar Fraction (Heat) 90% (estimated) Investment Costs EUR Costs per Year EUR/a Heat Production Price 0,38 EUR/kWh (for 90% solar fraction) *All net prices for Heat Supply only May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 16
17 Heat Costs /kwh System-Comparison Heat Production Price and Solar Fraction Heat Costs and Solar Fraction 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 ST + vacuum super insulated seasonal hot water storage 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 ST district heating + seasonal hot water storage PV + HTFS 0, Solar Fraction[%] Heat costs escalate with increasing solar fraction May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 17
18 Research Project Milestones Applied Research Project HTFS: Tasks 1. System analysis and -development with plant simulation 2. Design and construction of an prototype of an HTFS (with CFD/FEM) 3. Realized prototype at laboratory of the IGS at TU Braunschweig and test Operation 4. Analysis and optimization, analysis of effects of a HTFS on the grid 5. Preparing for series production May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 18
19 Research Project Project Partners May 7, 2015 Hochtemperaturspeicher Seite 19
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