GROUP 1: Regular Verbs (-ar, -er/-ir) Models: comprar / comer / escribir MOOD: INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE: Singular Plural Singular Plural Yo pres. ind. generates pres. subj. (opp. vowel). Pres. Commands (from subjunctive) nosotros affirm./neg. (no) (> 3rd p. pres. ind.) (> inf. drop -r,+ -d) (tú) informal affirm. (tú) informal neg. no no (ud.) formal affirm./neg. (no) (no) Pret. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Imper. 3rd p. pl. pret. generates imperfect subjunctive. Fut. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Cond. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 1
Compound Tenses Progressive: estar (any tense) + pres. participle (stem + -ando/-iendo) = Estoy/estaba comprando/comiendo/escribiendo Perfect: haber + past participle (stem + -ado/-ido) = comprado/comido/escrito* (*irregular) INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Perfect: have bought/eaten/written, etc. Pluperfect: had bought/eaten/written, etc. Future Perfect: will have bought/eaten/written, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Conditional Perfect: would have bought/eaten/written, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2
GROUP 2A/2B: "Shoe" Verbs (-ar/-er) Models: pensar (ie), volver (ue) MOOD: INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE: Singular Plural Singular Plural Yo pres. ind. generates pres. subj. Pres. Commands (from subjunctive) nosotros affirm./neg. (no) (tú) informal affirm. (> 3rd p. pres. ind.) (> inf. drop -r,+ -d) (tú) informal neg. no no (ud.) formal affirm./neg. (no) (no) Pret. (no stem change) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Imper. 3rd p. pl. pret. always generates imperfect subj. Fut. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Cond. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3
Compound Tenses Progressive: estar (any tense) + pres. participle (stem + -ando/-iendo) = Estoy/estaba pensando/volviendo Perfect: haber + past participle (stem + -ado/-ido) = pensado/vuelto* (*irregular) INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Perfect: have thought/returned, etc. Pluperfect: had thought/returned, etc. Future Perfect: will have thought/returned, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Conditional Perfect: would have thought/returned, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4
GROUP 2C: "Shoe" Verbs (-ir) Model: pedir (i, i*) e > i, i e > ie, i o > ue, u The second letter (i) in parenthesis indicates the change in the 3 rd preterit. MOOD: INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE: Singular Plural Singular Plural Yo pres. + opp. vowel for all conjugations. Pres. _ (_) (_) Commands (from subjunctive) nosotros affirm./neg. (no) (> 3rd p. pres. ind.) (> inf. drop -r, + -d) (tú) informal affirm. (tú) informal neg. no no (ud.) formal affirm./neg. (no) (no) Pret. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Stem changes in 3rd person singular and plural Imper. 3rd pers. pl. pret. always generates imperfect subj. Fut. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Cond. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5
Compound Tenses Progressive: estar (any tense) + pres. participle (stem + -iendo) *Same stem change as 3rd p. pret. = Estoy/estaba pidiendo Perfect: haber + past participle (stem + -ido) = pedido INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Perfect: have asked for/requested, etc. Pluperfect: had asked for/requested, etc. Future Perfect: will have asked for/requested, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Conditional Perfect: would have asked for/requested, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 6
GROUP 3: "Yo -go" Verbs (-er/-ir) Models: tener (ie), hacer MOOD: INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE: Singular Plural Singular Plural Yo pres. ind. generates pres. subj. Pres. Commands (from subjunctive) nosotros affirm./neg. (no) yo -go verbs (irregular) (tú) informal affirm. (> stem of inf.) (> inf. drop -r,+-d) yo -zco verbs (regular) (tú) informal affirm. (> 3rd p. pres. ind.) (> inf. drop -r,+ -d) (tú) informal neg. no no (ud.) formal affirm./neg. (no) (no) Pret. (most irregular) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Imper. 3rd p. pl. pret. generates imperfect subjunctive. Fut. (irregular) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Cond. (regular) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7
Compound Tenses Progressive: estar (any tense) + pres. participle (stem + -iendo) = Estoy/estaba teniendo/haciendo Perfecto: haber + past participle (stem [some irregular] + -ido) = tenido/hecho* (*irregular) INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Perfect: have had/done, etc. Pluperfect: had had/done, etc. Future Perfect: will have had/done, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Conditional Perfect: would have had/done, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 8
GROUP 4: -O No Verbs These are verbs whose yo form does not end in -o. These verbs are irregular and must be memorized. Some patterns will be similar to other groups but not always identical. Use this page to make copies, one for each verb (6 total) and extras for practice. MOOD: INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE: Singular Plural Singular Plural Yo pres. does not generate pres. subj. Pres. Commands (from subjunctive) nosotros affirm./neg. (no) (some > 3rd p. pres. ind., others irreg.) (> inf. drop -r,+ -d) (tú) informal affirm. (tú) informal neg. no no (ud.) formal affirm./neg. (no) (no) Pret. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Imper. 3rd p. pl. pret. always generates imperfect subj. Fut. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Cond. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 9
Compound Tenses Progressive: estar (any tense) + pres. participle (stem + -ando/-iendo) = Estoy/estaba dando/sabiendo Perfect: haber + past participle (stem + -ado/-ido) = dado/sabido INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Perfect: have given/known, etc. Pluperfect: had given/known, etc. Future Perfect: will have given/known, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Conditional Perfect: would have given/known, etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 10