endoderm digestive cavity a. pseudocoelom coelom 176 Coelom Comparison Figure 27.6 From Mader. Sylv1a S.. Biology: Evolullon. Dwersity, and the Env,onment. 2d ed. to 1985, 1987 Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by perm1ssion. Mader, Sylv1a S., lnqwry Into Ufe. to 1976, 1979, 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publishers
ectoderm pseudocoelom,...,. ectoderm..----mesoderm JIF~((. J~ Y~X:D:>.LW-.. '11 mesentery endoderm ~ endoderm mesoderm coelom digestive cavity a. Acoelomate flatworms b. Pseudocoelomate roundworms c. Coelomate mollusks annelids arthropods echinoderms chordates 179 Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate comparison Figure 33A Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
7 "p bird bat whale cat horse human. Fc.t"d... ~"ftjt.lfy.s,"";iq,r,._.s WtfJ.. a. Slrfl.i (-.r- e-rr. -ryo /o,; c!~.~.~~.~~-, CA./ 150 Homolol ous Structures Mader, Sylvoa s., lnquify Into Life. e> 1976, 1979. 1982 IQS: 6 ~. I PubliShers. r
pore cell amoeboid cells osculum,<jfaijiii\\t-- --------,.-',.-',.-',.-' ---------- -------- ---------- --------------- collar cells epidermal cells collar,._ flagellum '---1~-----nucleus 177 b. Sponge Anatomy Figure 27.7 Mader, Sylv1a S., lnqwry Into Life. Q 1976, 1979. 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C Brown Publishers Collar Cell
water in water out central cavity sponge wall through, /ll.. - ~...,~ '-- \. \. 1 ~ ~... w ' 1 amoeboid cell pore epidermal cell M" 1 spicule flagellum Sponge Organization collar cell ( choanocyte) 173 Generalized sponge anatomy Figure 33.3 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
Stinging cell tentacle nematocyst nucleus stinging cell ta.l. gastrovascular cavity ovary before discharge after discharge ~mesoglea 'afil stalk foot Cross section of stalk 178 Hydra Anatomy Figure 27.11 Mader. Sylvoa S., /nqulfy lnlo Life. 00 1976. 1979. 1982, 1985. and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Yolk gland testis -sperm auct ~astrova. ~avity (di Pharynx.. ' m sheath seminal receptacle Penis in genital chamber genita ore I 'iril lw-t"- triparrtte \ta- ;"'al ~eye ovary... ' ~-. '"' ~ '"' " l:t 1: I I " I I ' I ) ~ I ~ f -ry '"',,.. "" "" '"' bra """... '. ceu bts:l "'"i''b' I ~ ~}~f/ nephridiopore --J;:J~ lfame 1'\ ~ l;~l (1!~~~') Publishers Planaria with Pharynx out /1oi ~;~_I ---excretory ~ canal ) ~,_/ 179 Ptanarian Anatomy Figure 27. 12
larva encysted larva #I, suckers cysticercus, with head everted, attached to human intestine Proglottids: vitelline gland nerve cord ovary testes I excretory canal 180 Tapeworm Life Cycle Figure 27.13 eggs in branching uterus vagina sperm duct genital pore Mader. Sylv1a S, /nqwry Into We. C> 1976. 1979, 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm. C Brown Publ shers. uterus
@AI _o -o< (X)(D -o::j o-l "< 0 :::r -t::j 3' ~ (D ::J "'.. ~~., - -., 0 Q<e ~"< "'![ b> ~ (D ~ 2::: iii' :::r ::J (Q ~) METACERCARIAL \ CYSTS IN FISH MUSCLE CERCARIA '"1 HUMAN 1\ Oft. f ~ ~... ADULT FLUKE ~ /~ 1 EGG CONTAINING L~/) A MIRACIDIUM SNAIL SPOROCYST -o <..., -c ""'" {,. lv\irac!dium HATCHES " AFTER BEING EATEN v BY SNAIL C: -1 ""'" ~ ~ ~- ~ <D 0 -+ ""'" =r <D =r c 3 c ::::J -n -o c.c 0 w -- ~ I (X)... "'0 0 "'' (X) ~ - s y
Each larva becomes a bladder _... w_..._2rm encysted in muscle. - 1' Meat contains many bladder worms... -- Primary Host Secondary Host Bladder worm attaches to human intestine. Feces contain many larvaecontaining eggs. Gravid proglottid has many larvaecontaining eggs. -...sucker \ \ Tapeworm has proglottids that become more mature. 178 Life cycle of a tapeworm, Taenia Figu re 33.11 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
brain dorsal nerve cord cuticle lateral nerve cord testis pseudocoelom nerve cord pore Ascaris spicules that aid in sperm transfer anus 180 Roundworm anatomy Figure 33.12 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
mouth genital pore vagina uterus ovary S? fl St:.O. 'Y' 1.$ body II Ccut) dorsal intestine cuticle uterus \.~~ ro Avcretory canal ~ ta'l =-nvs:.ries 3E pseudocoelom ventral nerve cord 181 Roundworm Anatomy Figure 27.15 Mader. Sylvta S, Jnqwry Into Life. CC> 1976, 1979, 1982. 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C Brown Publishers
(cs} anus perm duct ~ fs~) septum muscle layers coelom ( " ~ 1) (8_,) ovary (ij nephridium sem.inal vesicle~~) (8') seminal receptacle ~3) nerve cord ~ ~) ~anglion mouth t a. setae~ ) {B'I) 1 83 Earthworm, Lumbricus, anatomy Figure 34.7a Sylvia S Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright 0 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
urinary opening digestive gland anterior aorta esophagus cerebral ganglion posterior adductor muscle excurrent siphon visceral ganglion incurrent siphon anus 1 'i'" 1 mantle cavity anterior adductor muscle labial palps ~ ~. :.......,.. I 1 mouth...,_, ",.... h I Il l?~llft111p~ 1 ; 'i 1 foot protractor ' \ _. JT u 1 ; I II pedal ganglion 182 Clam Anatomy Figure 27.20 Mader Sylvoa S. lnqu1ry Into L1/e C> 1976, 1979. 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publisher~.
anterior aorta pericardia! cavity posterior retractor muscle kidney I esophagus stomach posterior aorta anterior adductor muscle excurrent siphon anterior ganglion shell incurrent siphon posterior ganglion foot ganglion intestine mantle intestine 182 Clam, Anodonta, anatomy Figure 34.3 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
a. antenna compound eye antennule mouth parts mouth oviduct opening anus /..... nephridiopore tel son ;., swimmerets uropod s~co~d claw third fourth fifth walking. walking walking walking ~, leg feg leg leg b. heart pericardia! sinus digestive gland cerebral ganglion,, esophagus stomach nerve cord anus 183 Crayfish Anatomy Figure 27.26 Mader. Sylv1a S.. lnqwry Into Life. (C) 1976. 1979. 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publishers
arm sieve plate anus central disk--- endoskeletal plates skin gill~ eyes pot ----tube feet tube feet/ 185 Echinoderms Figure 35.1 a Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
Head Thorax Abdomen II ~ forewing ~ hindwing ovipositor spiracles a. spiracle tracheae aorta Malpighian tubules b. ceca stomach seminal intestine receptacle oviduct Female grasshopper, Romalea, anatomy Figu re 34.14 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
a. prothorax (~) antenna ~1\ tympanum forewin }~) --+------hindwing t,:) simple eye --.J.looC {11\ compound eye ~ ovipositor( Cf} palps <a tt fi~ioi ~~) _,.s u_.r) i~fs \S\ crop rectu ~l~) ~anus 184 \ \ aorta 7' ~ \.'1) esophagus ' l i N.. salivar~ land b. \.01-= Grasshopper Anatomy Figure 27.27 " oviduct intestine ventral ga~tric \ Malpighian 111 ~ ll) nerve cord caeca tubules (cut ~fl \: <!'l /nqwry/ntol/~1 76,1979.1 ~2.1965.and1968byWm C Brown,=f-~MLL.b vagin seminal receptacl ')
,-- ~ - oral hood with tentacles gill bar ~ - ~ notochord ~~ ~- ~ dorsal hollow nerve cord, ~ dorsal fin atriopore ventral fin 186 Lancelet, Branchiostoma Figure 35.4 Source: From Stephen Miller and John Harley Zoology, 3e.. Copyright C>1996 McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., Dubuque, Iowa. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission. Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C> 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque. Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
fertilized eggs adult stage larval stage pupal stage Sphinx moth, Protoparce, on tomato, Lycopersicon 285 Life cycle of a moth Figure 50.2 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.
~~ cardiac stomach pyloric stomach anus :':{~s s1cles).., skeletal plates sieve plate central disk ~ coelomic lff"'f"',.----cavity gonad ampulla eye spot 185 Starfish Anatomy Figure 27.29 digestive glands (py/~;rit.. c.ec.a..) 'l lhera.fic. " cec~ Mader. Sylv1a S.. /nqwry Into Life C> 1976 1979. 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm C Brown Publishers. spine. ' tube feet ambulacral groove