úma,jjd ;;ajhla hkq l=ula o@ www.marxists.org,sfhdka fg%düials úisks 1931 fkdjeïn¾ 17 1' úma,jjd odiaá wdia:dkhl isg ;;ajhla úyaf,aikh lsífï úma,jjd ;;ajhl wd¾ól yd iudc mq¾jdjyh;d iy úma,jjd ;;ajhla u;a w;r fjki y`ÿkd.eksu wjyh h' 2' fmdÿfõ l;d lrk úg úma,jjd ;;ajhl wd¾ól yd iudc mq¾jdjyh;d ;yjqre jkafka rfü ksiamdok Yla;Ska laih ù hoa h; f,dal fj<`o fmd< u; Okm;s rgl iqúfyai nr l%uhdkql+,j ysk ú tmßoafoka u mka;skaf.a wh ud¾. l%udkql+,j wvq ù hoa h; ú/lshdj yqfola wjia:dkq.; WÉpdjpkhl m%;sm,hla fkd j" th jeã hdfï m%jk;djhlska hq;a ia:djr iudc úm;la jk úg h' fuh uq`mukska u tx.,ka;fha mj;sk ;;ajh wx.,lais; lrk w;r" úma,jjd ;;ajhl wd¾ól yd iudc mq¾jdjyh;d tys mj;sk nj;a Èkm;d tajd jv jvd;a W.% jk nj;a wmg lsj yelsh' tfy;a" wm úma,jjd ;;ajhla w¾: újrkh lrkafka iudc úohd;aulj mukla fkdj foaymd,kslj nj;a óg ufkdanoao idolh we;=<;a jk nj;a wm wu;l fkd l< hq;=h' tfia u ufkdanoao idolh hkq lïlre mka;sfha mlaih ms<sno m%yakh mukla fkdfõ th ish mka;skaf.a" ksielj u m%odk jyfhka lïlre mka;sfha yd tys mlaifha" ú[a[dkh ms<sno m%yakhls' 3' flfia j;=ÿ" úma,jjd ;;ajhla wdrïn jkafka úma,jhla i`oyd jk wd¾ól yd iudc mq¾jdjyh;d u.ska iudcfha;a tys úúo mka;skaf.a;a ú[a[dkfhys yèis fjkialï we;s flfrk úg muks' ljr fjkialï o@ ^w& wmf.a úyaf,aikh i`oyd iudc mka;ska ;=k tlsfklska fjka fldg wm yÿkd.; hq;=h' Okm;s mka;sh" uoh mka;sh fyda iq OfkaYajr" iy lïlre mka;sh' fuu mka;skaf.a udkislfha wjyh jk fjkialï ta tlsfkl mka;sh iïnkaofhka fnfyúka fjkia fõ' 1
^wd& ish u khdh{hkag jvd fydèka" ì%;dkh lñlre mka;sh wd¾ól ;;ajh w;syh ne?reï nj b;d uekúka oks' tfy;a úma,jjd ;;ajh È. yefrkafka" merks iudcfha moku u; fkdj" mj;sk m¾hdhg tfrysj úma,jjd ke.sàul udj; Tiafia.e<ùfï u.la fiùug lïlre mka;sh mgka.kakjd;a iu. h' úma,jjd ;;ajhla i`oyd jk b;du jeo.;a ufkdanoao fldkafoaish fuhhs' uyckhdf.a úma,jjd ye`.sïj, ;Sj%;dj jkdys úma,jjd ;;ajfhys mßk; Ndjh ms<sno w;syh jeo.;a we`.ùï j,ska tlls' ^we& tfy;a úma,jjd ;;ajhla hkq" t<fuk ld, mßéfþofha lïlre mka;shg iudcfha md,l n,h njg m;a ùug bv i,ikakdjq tlls' th / mj;skafka" wfkl=;a rgj,g jvd tx.,ka;h iïnkaofhka wvqfjka jqj o" tla;rd ÿrlg uohu mka;sfha foaymd,k Ñka;kh yd ufkda.;sh u;h' ish iïm%ohsl mlai flfrys ^m%;sixialrkjd " tkï.;dkq.;sl mlaihla jk f,an¾ mlaih o we;=`m jq& tys úyajdih Nx. ùu;a iudcfha /äl,a" úma,jjd fjkila ^m%;súma,jjd tkï" *eisiaü fjkila fkdj& ms<sno tys n,dfmdfrd;a;=j fõ' ^we& ;u moao;sh fírd.eksug ;ukag fkd yels nj fmks hdu;a iu. ;uka flfrys u úyajdih Nx. ù ì úisfrkakg;a lkavdhï yd l,a,sj,g fnfokakg;a mgka.kakd md,l mka;sfha ufkda.;sfhys we;s jk fjkialïj,g wkqremj yd iudka;rj lïlre mka;sfha iy uohu mka;sfha ufkda.;sfhys fjkialï we;s ùu' 4' fuu l%shdoduhkays ljr,laihl úma,jjd ;;ajh mßmq¾k f,i mßk; jkafka o hkak l,a ;shd oek.eksuh fyda ùc.ks;uh f,i i,l=kq lsíug fyda fkd yelsh' úma,jjd mlaihg tu lrek ;sr l< yelafla wr.,h ;=< muks' f.dùka yd k.rno iq OfkaIajr fldgia hkdèh we;=<;a uyckhd u; ;u n,fõ. yd n,meï jeä ÈhqKq ùu o md,l mka;sfha m%;sfrdaoh ÿn, ùu o u.sks' 2
5' wm fuu ks¾kdhlhka ì%;dkhh iïnkaofhka fhdof;;a wmg fmks hkafka" w' wd¾ól yd iudc mq¾jdjyh;d mj;skafka h hkak iy tajd jvd;a n,.;= o nrm;< o jkafka h hkak' wd' flfia j;= o fuu wd¾ól mq¾jdjyh;d iy udkisl m%;spdrh w;r md,u ;ju;a f.dv ke,s ke; hkak' tx.,ka;h ;=< wjyh jkafka" oekg u;a fkd bjish yels jk wd¾ól fldkafoaisj, fjkila fkdj" trfgys mj;akd fuu fkdbjish yels úkdyldí ;;ajh flfrys úúo mka;skaf.a wdl,amfhys fjkils' 6' iudchl wd¾ól j¾okh hkq Y;j¾I yd oyl j,ska.kka.efkk w;syh l%ñl l%shdoduhls' tfy;a wdról fldkafoais /äl,a f,i fjkia flrekq úg l,a miq ù we;s udkisl m%;sl%shdjka läkñka u;= úh yels h' läkñka jqj o fyñka jqj o tjeks fjkialï" fkd je<elaúh yels f,i mka;skaf.a ufkd.;sh flfrys n,me hq;=h' wmg úma,jjd ;;ajhla,efnkafka túg muks' 7' foaymd,k w¾:fhka fuys f;areu: w' fldkai¾jeáõ yd,snr,ajreka flfrys mukla fkdj,,snr,a mlaih flfrys o lïlre mka;sh ish úyajdih ke;s lr.; hq;= h' th ;u wêiagdkh yd ffo¾hh úma,jjd wruqkq yd úêl%u flfrys ixflakaø l< hq;= h' wd' uy Okm;shka flfrys;a idñjreka flfrys;a úyajdih ì`o.kakd uohu mka;sh" úma,jjd lñlre mka;sh fj; ish fk;a fhduq l< hq;=h' we' uyckhd úiska m%;slafiam flrekq foafmd< yssñ mka;ska yd md,l l,a,s ;uka flfrys u úyajdih ke;s lr.; hq;=h' 8' fï wdl,amhka fkdje<elaúh yels f,i u j¾okh jkq we;' tfy;a tajd wo Èk fkd mj;s' nrm;< w¾nqoh ksid th flá ld,hla ;=< j¾okh úh yels h' tajd wjqreÿ fol ;=kl fyda wjqreoaola ;=< mjd fyda j¾okh úh yels h' tfy;a wo Èk fuh mj;skafka bèß 3
o¾ykhla jyfhks' idolhla jyfhka fkd fõ' wm wfma ms<sfj; mokï l< hq;af;a wo Èk lrekq u; ñi fyg Èk lrekq u; fkdfõ' 9' úma,jjd ;;ajhla ioyd foaymd,k mq¾jdjyh;d tla úg u yd wvq jeä ;rñka iudka;rj j¾okh jkafka kuqÿ" tys f;areu jkafka ta ish,a, tla fudfyd;l mßk; jkafka h hkak fkd fõ' bèßfha mj;sk wka;rdh thhs' mßk; jk foaymd,k fldkafoais hgf;a w;syhska u wmßk;j mj;skafka lñlre mka;sfha úma,jjd mlaihhs' lïlre mka;sfha yd uohu mka;sfha fmdÿ úma,jjd mßj¾;kh yd md,l mka;sfha foaymd,ksl ì úisr hdu" fldñhqksiaü mlaifha mßk; ùug jvd blaukska j¾okh úh yelsh hkak fkd ;ld yßkq fkd,efí' fuys w¾:h jkafka" wjyh ;rfï úma,jjd mlaihlska f;drj wjhdc úma,jjd ;;ajhla j¾okh úh yelsh hkak hs' th tla;rd ÿrlg 1923 c¾uksfha mej;s ;;ajfha mqkreépdrkhla jkq we;' tfy;a fuh wo tx.,ka;fha mj;sk ;;ajh hehs lsu uq`mukska u jerè fõ' 10' úma,jjd ;;ajfhys wfkl=;a uq,sldx.j,g miq miska mlaifha j¾okh isÿúh yelsh hkak wm fkd;ld yßkafka ke;' tfy;a fuh fkdje<elaùh yelalla fkdfõ. wmg ksyañ; wkdjelshla m< l< fkdyelsh' tfy;a th wkdjelshla m< lsíu ms<sno m%yakhla fkdfõ' th wfma u l%shdldí;ajh ms<sno m%yakhls' 11' Okm;s iudcfha fuu wjia:dkq.; ;;ajfha Okm;s mlai ;=k iu`. mj;akd ish iïnkao;d ìo.eksug ì%;dkh lïlre mka;shg fld;rï ld,hla wjyh fõo@ wfkl=;a mlaij, nxfldf,d;a Ndjfha;a ìè úisr hdfï;a m%udkhg wkqremj ksjerè ms<sfj;la iys; fldñhqksiaü mlaih jeã hdug uq`mukskau bv we;' fuu ilh;djka idlaid;a lsíu wmf.a wruqk yd hq;=lu fjhs' 4
ks.ukhka : tx.,ka;fha mj;sk foaymd,k.eàu m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd *eisiaüjdoh w;r hehs lsu uq`mukskau jerè jkafka wehsoehs fuhska we;s ;rï meyeè,s fjhs' *eisiaüjdofha wjêh nerereï f,i wdrïn jkafka lïlre mka;shg tfrysj Okm;s mka;sh,;a jeo.;a jkkd jq hï ld, mßéfþohlg ;srkd;aul jkakd jq;a ch.%ykhlska miqj h' flfia j;=ÿ tx.,ka;fha oejeka; wr., t<fukq we;af;a bèß ld,fha h' fjk;a wjia:djl wm úiska idlépd flß we;s mßè cd;sl wdkavqfõ;a thska miqj t<öug bv we;s fldkai¾jeáõ wdkavqfõ;a jeàug miqj n,hg m;a ùug fnfyúka bv we;af;a *eisiaüjdofha wj;drhg o jvd kqÿre wkd.;fha Nhdkl úh yels,snr,a-f,an¾ wdkavqjls' fldkafoais iys;j wms Bg ì%;dkh flfrkaislsjdofha ld, mßéfþoh hehs lshuq' flfrkaialsjdoh yeu wjia:djl u yd yeu rgl u reishdkq flfrkaialsjdoh fuka wjyhfhka u ÿ¾j, jkq ke; hkak o fuys lsj hq;= fõ' reishdkq flfrkaialsjdoh ÿ¾j, jqfha fnd,afyaúla mlaih Yla;su;aj mej;s fyhsks' WodyrK jyfhka iamd[a[fha flfrkaialsjdoh,snr,ajd kaf.a yd iudcjd kaf.a ind.h lsis f,ilskq;a reishdfõ fuka ÿ¾j, fkd fõ' Bg fya;=j" fldñhqksiaü mlaifha ÿ¾j,;ajhhs' flfrkaialsjdoh" iamd[a[ úma,jhg nrm;< wk;=rls' flfrkaialsjdoh" m%;sixialrkjd, úma,jjd " m%cd;ka;%jd " iudcjd jdlh LKav yd oaú;shsl m%cd;ka;%jd iudc m%;sixialrk ms<sn`o ms<sfj;la lïlre mka;sfha jdudxyhg tfrys u¾okfha ms<sfj;la iu`. taldnoao lrhs' fuh *eisiaüjdofha úêl%uhg mgyeks jqj o th tu b,lalh u imqrd,hs' wkd.; f,dhsâ fcda¾jdoh mrdch lrkq yelafla tys t<öu wm úiska fmrolskq,efnf;d;a muks' f,dhsâ fcda¾êf.ka o fyg Èk Tyqf.a WmlrKh jk f,an¾ mlaifhka o mj;sk wk;=rg jvd ÿria: wk;=rla f,i wo mj;sk *eisiaüjdofha wj;drfhka wm fudaykg m;a fkdjkafka kï muks' fyg Èk wk;=r úh ylafla m%;sixialrkjd mlaihhs;,snr,ajd kaf.a yd iudcjd kaf.a fmruqk hs' *eisiaü wk;=r ;ju;a wjêka 5
;=kla fyda y;rla tmsáks' *eisiaü wjêh w;=.d oeófï iy m%;sixialrkjdè wjêh wfydais lsßfï fyda ysk lsßfï wfma wr.,h jkdys lïlre mka;sh" fldñhqksiaü mlaih fj; Èkd.ekSfï wr.,hls' mrsj¾;kh: úfca vhia. lïlre udj; m%ldykhls. 6