CHIC: Clean Hydrogen In European Cities - demonstration of 52 FC hydrogen buses - Hannover MESSE, 10.03.2014 Dr. Philipp Krüger, hysolutions
CHIC background CUTE / ECTOS: 2001 2005 Demonstration of a fleet of 30 fuel cell buses in regular public transport HyFLEET:CUTE: 2006 2009 47 hydrogen powered buses in public transport 2.600.000 km* in public service, 555 tons* of H 2 refuelled and more than 1 million liters of diesel replaced Main conclusion: Fuel cell buses are suitable for operation in public transport! * figures include CUTE and ECTOS fuel cell bus operation
CHIC key facts 9 cities/regions involved 25 partners from 9 countries worldwide 10 transport companies, 8 industry partners and 7 research/consultants Project duration April 2010 December 2016 The project will provide results from demonstrations of 52 hydrogen buses: 26 FC hybrid buses operated in 5 Phase 1 cities, directly funded by the FCH JU 26 FC hybrid buses operated in 4 Phase 0 cities, funded through separate programs. These cities are passing on the previous lessons learnt to the Phase 1 cities 25.88 Mio EUR funding, 81.8 Mio EUR in total costs 5 different bus manufacturers are involved (3 in phase 1 cities) 5 hydrogen refueling stations built in Phase 1, in total 9 stations are operating in the 9 involved cities/regions
Where we are 4 phase 0 cities (white) and 5 phase 1 cities (black) in Europe Oslo Whistler CANADA and in Canada! Phase 0 city Phase 1 city London Cologne Aargau Hamburg Berlin Bolzano Milan
The Partners City representatives for Phase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2 Industry Consultants, Universities and Research
Deployment timeline
Phase 1 cities The EvoBus buses Deployed in Aargau (5), Bolzano (5) and Milano (3) Component Fuel cell Battery Supercapacitor Energy recuperation H 2 storage Specifications 120 kw (2 modules) 258 kw (Li-ion) -- wheel-hub motor 7 tanks, 350bar ~ 35 kg
Phase 1 cities The Van Hool buses Deployed in Oslo (5) Component Fuel cell Battery Supercapacitor Energy recuperation H 2 storage Specifications 150 kw (1 module) (rated peak output) 100 kw (Li-ion) -- regenerative brakes 7 tanks, 350bar ~ 35 kg
Phase 1 cities The Wrightbus buses Deployed in London (8) Component Fuel cell Specifications 75 kw (1 module) (rated peak output) Battery -- Supercapacitor Energy recuperation H 2 storage 240 kw (rated peak power) regenerative brakes 4 tanks, 350bar ~ 33 kg
5 different bus operators on conventional diesel routes Phase 1 Cities Type of route (length, stops) Operator Average speed Workshop strategy Maintenance facility (picture) Aargau Rural - hilly - low temperature winter PostBus 22 km/h Re-build facility. Open roof with rain cover, natural ventilation Bolzano Town - hilly -low temperature winters (4.7-6.6 km, 19-26 stops) STA / operated by SASA 13-14 km/h Conversion facility, one bay (max two buses in line) London Urban - flat moderate climate (6.23 km, 27 stops) Transport for London 12 km/h New-build facility purpose built with two maintenance bays Milan Oslo Urban - flat - high temperature summers (9.5 km, 30 stops) suburban to urban - flat/hilly - low temperature winters (20 km, 48 stops) ATM Ruter 12-13 km/h 20 km/h Conversion of a small area of an existing diesel maintenance depot Conversion of a single existing bay
Key improvements on the FC bus architecture Fuel cell : Smaller and cheaper s Higher power density Extended life Battery / Supercapacitor / Energy recuperation s: The CHIC buses are characterised by a hybridised powertrain. The HyFLEET:CUTE buses had an electric drivetrain exclusively powered by a fuel cell. In a hybridised powertrain, the energy storage s can: - buffer peak loads - boost acceleration - allow energy recovery from braking Benefit: Greatly improved fuel efficiency, up to ~ 50% better than HyFLEET:CUTE H 2 storage : Lower number of tanks at parity of mileage (due to better fuel efficiency)
Satisfying the demands of daily bus operation The vehicles in the CHIC project have demonstrated an operating range which can meet the demands of bus operators This compares well with the HyFLEET:CUTE fuel cell buses, whose range was less than 200 km and buses were forced to operate in half day shifts before fuelling City Range 1 Daily duty 2 km travelled availability London 250-300 km 18 hours 465,025 60% Aargau 180-250 km 18 hours 486,722 73% Oslo 200-290 km (seasonal) Up to 15 hours 130,170 74% Cologne 250 km 1.5-10 hours 67,048 46% Hamburg 400 km 2 16 hours 137,335 50% Whistler 366 467 km (seasonal) 4 22 hours 3,773,218 70% 1 Average figures, also depending on tank size and average consumption 2 Daily duty figure subject to route type (sites may operate the same bus on more than one route) 12
Dramatic fuel economy improvements One of the most significant results is the improvement in fuel economy The chart compares the fuel economy observed in the CHIC cities using 12m buses with the average from HyFLEET:CUTE The reason for the >50% improvement is the use of fully hybridized powertrains, smaller and more-optimized FC s [kg/100km] 30 25 20 15 10 Average consumption for the CHIC buses (only FC buses) Shaded area indicates consumption range in HyFLEET:CUTE, 47 buses consumed between 18,4 and 29,1 kg/100km 5 0 Jan 12 Apr 12 Jul 12 Okt 12 Jan 13 Apr 13 Jul 13 Okt 13 Average consumption (all FC buses) Average consumption (12m FC buses) CHIC goal 13
Phase 1 cities deployment so far Phase 1 city H 2 supply pathway Refueling capacity Start of operation kg H 2 refuelled* HRS Aargau On site electrolyser + trailer delivery 300 kg/day 2012 Bolzano On site electrolyser 360 kg/day 2014 London Liquid H 2 tanker with high pressure delivery into on site storage >320 kg/day 2010 41,263 Milan On site electrolyser 200 kg/day 2013 Oslo On site electrolyser 250 kg/day 2012 16,942 * until 31/12/2013 14
Phase 0 cities deployment so far Phase 0 city H 2 supply pathway Refueling capacity Start of operation kg H 2 refuelled* HRS Berlin Trailer delivery 100 kg/day 2005 189,819 Cologne Hamburg Trailer delivery of gaseous H 2 byproduct sourced nearby On site electrolyser + trailer delivery 100 kg/day 2011 10,993 700 kg/day 2012 11,411 Whistler Delivered liquid 1,000 kg/day 2010 561,754 * until 31/12/2013 15
High station availability The availability of CHIC stations has been consistently high to date, over 98%, in line with the availabilty project target This compares favorably with the HyFLEET:CUTE project, where problems with onsite production, compression and dispensers dogged the trial. This lead to an average availability in HyFLEET:CUTE of 89.8% Postbus and the hydrogen refuelling station in Aarau 16
Rapid refill times The CHIC stations are able to fill a bus in less than 10 minutes, below the station specification: City Average fill time Station specification Aargau 6 min 10 min Oslo 7 min 10 min London 9 min 10 min Cologne 7 min 10 min Hamburg 7 min 10 min Whistler 20 min 10 min This is a great improvement compared to the HyFLEET:CUTE project, where fill times in excess of 1 hour were reported in some cities HRS refueling station by night, Oslo 17
Emerging Conclusions 52 buses cells buses are on the road in day-to-day passenger duty. The buses have driven over 5.5 million km. Vehicles are able to satisfy the daily demands of urban bus routes without returning to the depot (e.g. up to 20 hour shifts without refueling and typically over 200 km daily range). The vehicles have substantial fuel economy improvements of more than a factor of 2 versus the previous generation through a move to hybrid architecture as well as smaller, longer-life fuel cells. The high throughput 350 bar stations deployed in the project (the highest throughput stations in Europe) have performed ahead of expectations, with availabilities (typically over 98%) and fill times (typically <10 minutes) consistently exceeding requirements a major advance over previous trials. The move to hybrid architecture and to daily operation closer to conventional buses (e.g. long shifts) has led to a considerably lower availability in the early years of the project than was the target (>85%) monthly availability has ranged between 40% and 80%. 18
Public statements Politicians Bus drivers Users London Deputy Mayor (Kit Malthouse): With these buses, people can now see, touch and feel this technology for themselves and help play an exciting part of London s energy future Hamburg First Mayor (Olaf Scholz): From 2020 HOCHBAHN will procure only emission free buses It is a great bus, very comfortable to drive, the public loves it! If you are looking for a good vehicle, take a hydrogen one! It enthusiasms (despite of teething problems)! The passengers in Oslo are very enthusiastic about the hydrogen bus and are asking a lot of questions about the technology The bus is very quiet! When you take the bus you can t hear the engine. Fuel cell buses are good for the environment [..] this is a very good project. You have to think about the future. Somebody has to act. It costs a lot of money but this shouldn t be the issue [..] 19
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